He raruraru manawa tōu pērā i te mate huango? Kua kite rānei koe i tētahi o tō whānau e whakamahi ana i te inhaler? I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō ēnei rongoā hei whakangāwari i te manawa, arā, ngā bronchodilator. He tokomaha te hunga e mataku ana ki ēnei, engari ki te mārama koe, ā, ki te whakamahi tika koe i ēnei, ka tino āwhina ēnei i te ao.
He aha te mea e whakawhanuitia ai te manawa?
Whakaarohia ngā ara manawa e kawe ana i te hau ki ō pūkahukahu he rite ki ngā ngongo. Ina whakawhāitihia ngā uaua ngawari e karapoti ana i ēnei ngongo, ka iti haere te wāhi i roto i ngā ngongo, ā, ka uaua ake te haere o te hau. Koinei te mea ka tupu i roto i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate huango me te COPD (Mate Pūkahukahu Ārai Mau). Koinā te wā ka rongo koe kei te kōroke koe, ā, ka kikī tō uma.
Nō reira, ko tā tēnei rongoā e kiia nei ko te bronchodilator he whakangāwari tonu i ngā uaua piri, me te whakawhānui i ngā ara manawa kua kōpiripiri (bronchi). Kātahi ka māmā ake te tango me te tango hau mā ngā pukahukahu, ā, ka ngāwari ake te manawa.
Tērā tētahi atu painga o ēnei rongoā. Ina whānuitia ngā ara manawa, ka tīmata te nekeneke haere o te hūpē e piri ana ki roto. Kātahi ka ngāwari ake te maremare i te hūpē.
Ko te nuinga o ēnei rongoā ka puta mai i te ahua o ngā mea whakangote, me te wai hoki e tukuna ana mā te mīhini e kiia nei ko te nebulizer.
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā rongoā whakapūngao:
Ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei ki ngā momo matua e rua, i runga i te roa o te wā e mahi ai. Ka kī atu tō tākuta kia whakamahia e koe tētahi o ēnei, e rua rānei.
| Puka Rongoā | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa poto | He rongoā ēnei e hoatu ana hei whakahaere wawe i ngā tohumate huango ohorere, pērā i te wheezing. Ka kiia hoki ēnei he "rescue inhalers". Ka roa te ora mō te 3-6 hāora. |
| Ngā rongoā whakaroa-pūkahukahu | Kāore ēnei e whakamahia i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere. Ka whakamahia i ngā wā auau o ia rā, kia tuwhera tonu ai ngā ara manawa mō te 12 hāora pea, ā, kia kore ai e hoki anō te whakaekenga huango. Ka taka ēnei ki roto i te kāwai "ārai". |
He aha ngā momo matua o ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa?
E toru ngā momo matua o ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa: ngā beta 2-agonists, ngā anticholinergics, me te theophylline.
1. Ngā Beta 2-agonists
Kei roto i ēnei ngā momo rongoā mahi poto (SABA) me ngā momo rongoā mahi roa (LABA).
- Ngā beta 2-agonists mahi poto (SABA): Koinei ngā rongoā "whakaora" e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaekenga huango ohorere. Ka mahi i roto i te 15-20 meneti, ā, ka whakaora mō te 4-6 hāora pea. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i mua i te whakakori tinana hei ārai i te huango i puta mai i te whakakori tinana. Hei tauira: `Albuterol (Ventolin®)`, `Levalbuterol (Xopenex®)`.
- Ngā rongoā beta-2 agonists roa-mahi (LABA): Ka tangohia ēnei i te rua o ngā wā i te rā, ā, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te mate. I te nuinga o te wā ka hoatu ngātahitia me te corticosteroid, he momo rongoā hei whakaiti i te pupuhi i roto i ngā ara manawa. Hei tauira: `Salmeterol (Serevent®)`, `Formoterol (Foradil®)`. Kei reira anō hoki ngā rongoā whakangote e whakakotahi ana i ngā mea e rua, pērā i te `Advair®` me te `Symbicort®`.
2. Ngā rongoā ārai-kōrini
Ka ārai ēnei i te mahi a te acetylcholine, he matū e hangaia ana e tō tātou pūnaha io. Ko tēnei acetylcholine te tohu i ngā uaua huri noa i ngā ara manawa kia whakakiki. Ka whakamahia ēnei rongoā hei whakahaere roa i te mate huango uaua ki te whakahaere, kaua hei whakaora tonu. Hei tauira: `Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)`, `Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)`.
3. Teofilina
Kei te wātea mai i te āhua o te pire (`Uniphyl®`). Ahakoa e āwhina ana ki te whakahaere i ngā whakaekenga huango kino, kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia. Ina tango koe i tēnei rongoā, me whai whakamātautau toto auau koe kia mōhio ai kei a koe te nui o te rongoā i roto i ō toto.
He aha ngā pānga taha o tēnei?
Tērā pea ka rerekē ngā pānga taha i runga i te momo e whakamahia ana. Heoi, kāore e pāngia te katoa, ā, ahakoa ka pāngia, ka memeha haere i muri i ētahi rā.
| Momo Rongoā | Ngā Pānga Taha Pea |
|---|---|
| Ngā rongoā Beta 2-agonists | Te wiriwiri, te kore okiokinga, te tere haere o te manawa, te mamae o te puku, te kore moe. |
| Ngā rongoā ārai-kōrini | Te maroke o te waha, o ngā kanohi, me te ihu, te reka rerekē o te mangai, te whakapairuaki, me te pōuri o te tirohanga mō te wā poto mēnā ka uru te rongoā ki ngā kanohi. (Tērā pea ka uaua ki ētahi tāngata te mimi). |
| Teofilina | Whakapairuaki, mamae puku, korere, ānini, ngakau pōturi, ngakau tere koretake, wiri o ngā uaua. |
He momo steroid te rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa?
Kāo. He momo rongoā tino rerekē ēnei e rua.
Ki te kī ngāwari, ka whakangāwari ngā uaua o ō ara manawa e ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa. Ka whakaitihia e ngā steroids te mumura o ō ara manawa. Nā te mea ka puta ēnei tukanga e rua i roto i ngā mate pēnei i te mate huango, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta kia whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei rongoā e rua.
Me pēhea te whakamahi tika i te inhaler?
Hei whiwhi i ngā hua katoa o te rongoā, he mea tino nui kia whakamahia tika te inhaler. Whāia ēnei mahi.
1. Katia te taupoki o te manawa whakapūmau, ka rūrū kia pai, kia 10-15 ngā wā.
2. Whakatuwheratia te taupoki.
3. Tāia he manawa hōhonu ki roto, ka tuku atu i te manawa katoa.
4. Whakatakotoria ō ngutu ki te waha, ka pupuri kia mau.
5. Pēhia te manawa whakapū ki raro kotahi. I taua wā anō, manawa hōhonu mā roto i tō waha.
6. Ki te rongo koe i te tangi whiowhio ina manawa koe, he tohu kei te tere rawa tō manawa. Tangohia he manawa hōhonu kia torutoru.
7. Puritia tō manawa mō te 10 hēkona pea. Koinei te wā ka tae te rongoā ki ngā kokonga katoa o ō pukahukahu.
8. Whakahokia ēnei mahi kia rite ki te maha o ngā pupuhi i tūtohutia e tō tākuta. Waiho kia kotahi meneti i waenganui i ia pupuhi.
9. Kia oti, katia anō te taupoki.
10. He mea nui:Mena kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi mea whakapūngao kei roto he steroid (corticosteroid), horoia rawatia tō waha ki te wai i muri i te whakamahinga. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i ngā pānga taha.
Āhea ahau me toro atu ki taku tākuta?
Ki te puta mai ngā tohu hou pēnei i te poto o te manawa, te maremare, te wheezing rānei, me toro atu ki te tākuta. Ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau mahi a ngā pūkahukahu hei whakatau i tō āhua tuturu.
Ā, tētahi atu mea nui anō tēnei.
Mena me whakamahi koe i tō manawa whakaora (SABA) neke atu i te rua i te wiki , ko te tikanga kāore tō mate huango i te pai te whakahaere.
Ki te puta tēnei, kaua e warewarehia. Tirohia tonutia tō tākuta kia matapakihia ai mēnā me whakarerekē te horopeta, te momo rongoā rānei e tangohia ana e koe hei whakahaere i tō āhua mō te wā roa. Me whai tonu i te mahere rongoā a tō tākuta.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He momo rongoā te rongoā whakawhanui i te manawa e whakangāwari ana i ngā uaua e karapoti ana i ngā ara manawa, kia māmā ake ai te manawa.
- E rua ngā momo matua: te āwhina tonu (whakaoranga) me te ārai mō te wā roa (ārai).
- He mea tino nui kia whakamahia tō manawa whakapūkara kia rite ki tā te tākuta i tohutohu ai, i te wā tika, me te horopeta tika.
- Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i tō "whakaora manawa" neke atu i te rua i te wiki, he tohu tēnei kua kore e taea te whakahaere i tō mate. Tirohia tonutia tō tākuta.
- Ehara ngā rongoā whakawhanui i te steroids, engari he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei momo rongoā e rua.
- Mena he pātai āu mō tō rongoā, mō tō āhua rānei, me kōrero tonu ki tō tākuta.
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