He aha te mate Tourette? Me kōrero māmā noa iho.

Kua kite koe i ētahi wā ko ngā tamariki nohinohi, ko ngā pakeke hoki, ka kimo tonu ō rātou kanohi, ka hikihiki rānei i ō rātou pakihiwi, ka puta ohorere rānei he tangi e kī ana he whakawātea i te korokoro? Me te mea nei kei te pāngia rātou e ēnei mea me te kore e taea e rātou te whakahaere, tika? Ko te mate Tourette he mate pūnaha io e puta ai ngā nekehanga, ngā oro rānei kāore e taea te whakahaere. Ka kiia ēnei he tic i roto i ngā kupu hauora. Kaua e wehi ina rongo koe i tēnei. Ko te mea nui ko te tino mōhio ki tēnei.

He aha te Tourette Syndrome?

Ko te mate Tourette syndrome he mate pūnaha io e meinga ai te tangata kia nekeneke ohorere, kia kore e taea te whakahaere, kia puta rānei ngā oro kāore e taea e ia te whakahaere. Ka kiia ēnei ko ngā 'tics'. Hei tauira, ka kimo haere pea te tangata i ōna kanohi, ka whakawātea i tōna korokoro, ka kōrero rānei i ngā kupu kāore i te whai tikanga.

Mō ētahi tāngata, ka āwhina te maimoatanga ki te whakahaere i ēnei tics. Engari mō ētahi atu, kāore ēnei tohu e tino hoha, kāore e hiahiatia he rongoā.

Ka tīmata tēnei āhuatanga i te tamarikitanga. He nui ake te kitea o ngā tama i ngā kōtiro. Ko te mea pai rawa atu, ka memeha haere ēnei tohu i te pakeketanga o ngā tamariki. I ētahi wā, ka ngaro katoa atu.

He aha tēnei e tupu ai? He aha ngā take?

Kei te ngana tonu ngā tākuta ki te rapu i te pūtake o te mate Tourette, engari e whakapono ana rātou he hononga ki ngā huringa o te mahi a ētahi wāhanga o te roro. E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau ka rerekē ngā huringa o te basal ganglia, e āwhina ana ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o te tinana; ngā frontal lobes, e whakahaere ana i ngā uaua; me te cortex, e āwhina ana ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro.

Hei tāpiritanga, ko te kore taurite o ngā matū e kawe ana i ngā karere ki te roro, e kiia nei ko ngā 'neurotransmitters', tera pea tētahi o ngā take. Ko ngā mea matua ko te '(dopamine)', te '(serotonin)', me te '(norepinephrine)'.

Haunga ēnei, kei reira ētahi atu take kāore anō kia tino whakamātauhia, engari e whakaarohia ana he whai mana:

• Ngā raruraru i te wā e hapu ana
• Taumaha iti i te whānautanga
• Ngā whara o te upoko
• te paihana waro haukini
• Te mate pukupuku o te roro

He mea tēnei nō ngā whakatipuranga?

E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau he tuku iho pea te mate Tourette, te mate rānei e rite ana ki tēnei mate. Ko te tikanga tēnei he hononga ira pea. Ahakoa kāore anō kia mārama me pēhea te puta o tēnei mate, e 50% pea te tūponotanga o te tangata e pangia ana e te mate Tourette ki te tuku atu ki tētahi tamaiti. Heoi, i roto i ētahi whānau, he maha ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te mate, engari i roto i ētahi atu, kotahi anake te tangata ka pāngia e te mate. Waihoki, tata ki te kotahi i roto i te 20 ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e te mate kāore he hītori whānau mō te mate.

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He aha ngā tohu o te mate Tourette (Tics)?

Ko te tohu matua o te mate Tourette ko ngā 'tics'. Ko ētahi 'tics' he iti rawa, kāore e kitea. Engari ko ētahi he maha, he mārama hoki. Ka taea te whakanui ake e ngā mea pēnei i te ahotea , te harikoa, te mate, te ngenge rānei. Ka taea e ngā 'tics' kino te whakamā i ētahi wā, ā, ka whakararuraru i te oranga pāpori, i te mahi rānei.

I mua i te puta mai o te tic nekeneke, ka rongo pea ētahi tāngata i te ngau, te kōkō, te piri rānei o ō rātou tinana. Ka ngaro te mamae ina puta te tic, te nekehanga rānei. Tērā pea ka taea e koe te whakamutu i ngā tic mō tētahi wā, engari kāore pea e taea e koe te whakamutu katoa.

E rua ngā momo matua o ngā 'tic'. Ko ngā 'tic nekeneke' me ngā 'tic reo'. E rua ngā wāhanga o ia momo: te māmā me te uaua.

Te pono mō te whakamahi i te reo kino (Coprolalia)

Ko tētahi o ngā tohu tino pōhēhē o te mate Tourette ko te 'coprolalia'. Koinei te whakapuakitanga kore mana o ngā kupu kino, ngā mea kāore e tika ana mō te hapori. Waihoki, ko te mahi kore mana o ngā nekehanga whakarihariha e kiia ana ko te 'copropraxia'. Nā te mea ka whakaatuhia te hunga whai mate nei i runga i te pouaka whakaata me ngā kiriata, he tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana he mea noa tēnei. Engari ko te pono, ko te nuinga o te hunga whai mate Tourette kāore he 'coprolalia', he 'copropraxia' rānei.

Ētahi atu āhuatanga e pā ana

Ahakoa kāore i te mārama te pūtake tuturu, tata ki te haurua o te hunga whai mate Tourette he tohu anō hoki tō rātou o te ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), arā, he uaua ki a rātou te aro, te noho arotahi, me te whakaoti i ngā mahi.

Hei tāpiri, ka hono pea te mate Tourette ki ēnei āhuatanga:

• Manukanuka
• ngā ngoikoretanga ako, hei tauira ko te dyslexia
• Ko te mate āwangawanga-aroha (OCD) he āhuatanga e kore ai e taea te whakahaere i ngā whakaaro me ngā mahi kāore e hiahiatia, hei tauira, te horoi ringa i ngā wā katoa.

Me pēhea te mōhio o te tākuta mēnā ko te mate Tourette tēnei?

Ko te mea nui, kāore he whakamātautau motuhake hei tautuhi i te mate Tourette. Ka whakatauhia e tō tākuta he tautuhi i runga i ngā mōhiohio i homai e koe mōu ake, mō tāu tamaiti rānei, me ngā tohu e kitea ana e rātou.

Heoi anō, me tirotiro pea tō tākuta mō ētahi atu take pea o tō tics. Hei tauira, ko te kimo tonu o ngā kanohi ka puta mai i te tirohanga kino, ko te kohi tonu rānei i te ihu ka puta mai i te mate pāwera. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka tukuna pea koe ki ngā whakamātautau pēnei i te whakamātautau toto, i te matawai MRI rānei o tō roro. Ka tonoa pea koe kia mahi i te EEG (electroencephalogram), e ine ana i ngā tauira ngaru roro.

Tērā pea ka pātai mai tō tākuta i ēnei pātai:

• He aha te mea i whakatenatena i a koe ki te haere mai ki konei i tēnei rā?
• Kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei ngā nekehanga tinana kāore e taea te whakahaere? Kia pēhea te roa o tēnei āhuatanga?
• Ka rongo koe i ngā kupu, i ngā oro rānei e puta mai ana i tō waha, me te kore e whakaaro? Nōnahea tēnei i tīmata ai?
• He aha te mea e pai ake ai ēnei tohu? He aha te mea e kino ake ai?
• Kei te āwangawanga koe, kei te uaua rānei tō tamaiti ki te arotahi?
• Kei tētahi atu o te whānau ēnei tohu?

Hei tāpiri, ka whakaarohia hoki e te tākuta ēnei paearu:

• Kei roto ngā 'tic' i ngā wāhanga e rua o te nekehanga me te oro (kāore e tika kia puta i te wā kotahi).
• Ahakoa te maha o ngā wā e haere mai ai rātou i te rā, ka roa rānei ēnei mō te tau kotahi pea?
• I tīmata i mua i te 18 tau te pakeke?
• Kāore ianei ēnei mea i puta mai i ngā rongoā, i ētahi atu matū rānei?
• He rerekē te auau, te momo, te kaha o ngā tics, mai i te māmā ki te uaua rānei?

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō tēnei?

Kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā mō te mate Tourette. Heoi, mō te nuinga o te tangata, kāore i te tino kino ngā tics kia hiahiatia he maimoatanga. Heoi, ki te mea kei te whakararuraru i tō oranga, ka tohua pea e tō tākuta he rongoā.

Ngā rongoā

He maha ngā momo rongoā hei āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā 'tic'. Ko ētahi o ēnei ka tohua mō ētahi atu āhuatanga. Nā te mea kua kitea hoki ka whakaitihia e aua rongoā ngā 'tic'.

• Ngā rongoā e pā ana ki te dopamine: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Pimozide, Risperidone.
• Ngā rongoā mō te toto toto tiketike: pērā i te Clonidine, Guanfacine.
• Ngā rongoā ārai pouri: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Ngā rongoā mō te ADHD: pērā i te Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA).
• Ngā rongoā mō te mate haurangi: pērā i te Topiramate (Topomax).

Ko te mea nui, kaua e tīmata, e whakamutu rānei i tētahi rongoā me te kore he tohutohu a tō tākuta. Tērā pea ka roa te wā ki te kimi i te rongoā me te horopeta tika.

Whakaora

Haunga ngā rongoā, he tino whai hua hoki ngā maimoatanga rongoā mō tēnei mate.

• Kōrero whakaora: Ka taea e koe te kōrero ki tētahi tohunga hinengaro, ki tētahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro rānei, kia ako ai koe ki te whakahaere i te mate Tourette me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki a ia pērā i te ADHD, te OCD, te manukanuka rānei.
• Te Whakaora Hinengaro Whanoke (CBT): Kei roto i tēnei ko te tautuhi i ngā kare ā-roto e pā ana ki ngā tic me te whakaharatau i te mahi i tētahi atu mea hei whakautu ki aua kare ā-roto. He āwhina nui tēnei ki te whakahaere i ngā tic.
• Te Whakaoho Roro Hōhonu (DBS): He maimoatanga whakamātautau tonu tēnei. E whakaarohia ana mō te hunga he tino kino ngā mate kāore anō kia aro ki ētahi atu maimoatanga. I roto i tēnei, ka whakatōngia he taputapu mā te pokanga e tuku ana i te whakaoho hiko ki ngā wāhanga o te roro e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga.

Ngā tohutohu mō ngā mātua e tiaki ana i tētahi tamaiti me te mate Tourette

He wero pea te tiaki i tētahi tamaiti me tēnei mate mō ngā mātua. Kia maumahara, ka tino piki ake te kaha o ngā tics i te tīmatanga o te taiohitanga o te tamaiti, ā, ka heke haere i a ia e pakeke haere ana.

I tēnei wā, anei ētahi mea hei āwhina i a koe:

• Kaua e akiaki i tāu tamaiti kia mutu tana tics. Tērā pea he mea whakapouri te kite, te rongo rānei i a rātou, engari mā te ngana ki te whakahaere i a rātou ka nui ake te ahotea o te tamaiti, ka kino ake hoki te tics.
• Whakamōhiotia ngā pakeke o te ao o te tamaiti. Whakamōhiotia ngā kaiako kura, te taraiwa waka kura, te kaiako akomanga, me ngā kaiako e noho tahi ana te tamaiti me te nuinga o te wā. Whakamāramahia te āhuatanga ki a rātou, me te tiki i te tautoko e hiahiatia ana e te tamaiti.
• Āwhina ki te hanga i te whakaaro nui ki a koe anō. Whakatenatenahia tāu tamaiti ki te whai i ngā hiahia me ngā pūkenga (pēnei i ngā hākinakina, toi, puoro). Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a rātou ki te kimi hoa, ki te ako i ngā mea hou, me te hanga i te whakapono ki a ia anō.
• Whakaakona tāu tamaiti ki te aro atu ki ngā katakata a ētahi atu. Kōrero ki tāu tamaiti, ā, whakangungua ia ki te whakautu ki ngā katakata me ngā pātai a ētahi atu tamariki.
• Rapua he tautoko anō hoki. Kimihia mēnā he rōpū tautoko mō ngā mātua o ngā tamariki pēnei. Mā tēnā koe e kaha ake ai.