Kodi mwana wanu sapuma? Kodi amathamanga, kulumpha, ndi kuvutika kuyang'ana pa ntchito? Kapena amaganizira zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndikuchita zinthu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza? Nthawi zina, monga makolo, timaganiza za khalidweli ngati khalidwe loipa kapena chizolowezi choipa. Koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Pakhoza kukhala vuto lachipatala kumbuyo kwa izi, monga ADHD kapena OCD. Popeza ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana, tikambirana zomwezo lero.
Kodi ADHD ndi OCD ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, zonsezi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo wa ana.
Matenda a ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Vutoli ndi lofala kwambiri pakati pa ana. Limapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anyamata. Mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD amavutika kumvetsera, kukhala chete, komanso kulamulira khalidwe lake (kudziletsa). Nthawi zambiri limadziwika ali mwana, ndipo nthawi zina vutoli limapitirira mpaka atakula.
Ngakhale ana ambiri aang'ono amachita zinthu mopanda nzeru, makhalidwe amenewa amakhala oopsa kwambiri komanso osatha mwa ana omwe ali ndi ADHD . Izi zingakhudze kwambiri ntchito ya kusukulu, masewera, ndi ntchito zapakhomo.
Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza (OCD)
Apa ndi pamene mwanayo amakhala ndi maganizo kapena mantha osalamulirika, obwerezabwereza (timatcha izi kukhala obsessions). Kuti achepetse kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha malingaliro amenewa, amapitiriza kuchita zinthu zina (timatcha izi kukakamiza).
Taganizirani mwana amene amaopa kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa cha mantha amenewo (kutengeka maganizo), amasamba m'manja pafupipafupi (kukakamiza). Mwanjira imeneyi, amapanga malamulo awoawo, miyambo yawo, ndi zina zotero. Ngati muwauza kuti asachite izi, kupsinjika maganizo kwawo kungawonjezeke kwambiri.
N’chifukwa chiyani zinthu ziwirizi zikufanana?
Chifukwa chachikulu chosokoneza zinthu ziwirizi ndi kufanana pakati pawo.
Ntchito ya ubongo ndi majini
ADHD ndi OCD zonse zimakhudza mbali yakutsogolo ya ubongo wathu, yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa mphumi. Iyi ndi mbali yomwe imathandiza mwana kukonza, kukonzekera, kuyang'ana kwambiri, kupanga zisankho, komanso kulamulira malingaliro osakhazikika.
Ndipo matenda onsewa amatha kupatsiridwa m'majini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kupatsiridwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku mibadwomibadwo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi ADHD ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopatsira mwana wake matendawa. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitikanso ndi OCD.
Zinthu zofanana pa zonsezi
Muzochitika zonsezi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mwana.
| Mbali yodziwika bwino | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mavuto okhudzana ndi chidwi ndi kusamala | Kusaganizira bwino ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha ADHD. Mu OCD, maganizo ndi zochita zosafunikira zimatenga nthawi ndi mphamvu kuti ziganizire zinthu monga ntchito ya kusukulu. |
| Mavuto mu ubale ndi anthu | Mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD angavutike kupeza mabwenzi ndi kusunga ubale chifukwa cha kuiwala, kusachita zinthu mwachangu, komanso kusakhazikika. Mu OCD, machitidwe ndi zizolowezi za mwanayo zolimba zimatha kuvutitsa banja ndi mabwenzi. |
| Mavuto ogona | Ana omwe ali ndi matenda onse awiri nthawi zambiri amavutika kugona. Ana omwe ali ndi ADHD omwe ali ndi zochita zambiri amakhala ndi vuto logona komanso kugona usiku. Mu OCD, kupsinjika maganizo kungayambitsenso mavuto ogona. |
Ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi kotani?
Ngakhale kuti zinthu ziwirizi n’zofanana, n’zosiyana kwambiri. Ndipotu, zimachititsa kuti anthu azichita zinthu mosiyana.
ADHD ndi "vuto losokoneza maganizo." Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwanayo amalankhula zakukhosi kwake kudzera mu machitidwe monga kusakhazikika komanso kusachita zinthu mwachangu.
OCD ndi "vuto losokoneza maganizo." Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana amasunga malingaliro ake ndi mantha ake mkati mwake ndipo amavutika maganizo.
Onani tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti mumvetse bwino kusintha kumeneku.
| Kusiyana | Pankhani ya ADHD | Pankhani ya OCD |
|---|---|---|
| Kusiyana kwa ubongo | Kukhwima kwa gawo la kutsogolo kwa ubongo kumachedwa ndi zaka zingapo. Ntchito yake imachepa . | Pali kuchedwa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa gawo la kutsogolo kwa ubongo ndi ziwalo zina. Ndi logwira ntchito kwambiri . |
| Khalidwe | Wosasamala, wochita zinthu popanda kuganizira za zotsatira zake, wochita zinthu zoopsa, komanso wosakhazikika. | Mantha, kukayikira, maganizo osafunikira, kusamala kwambiri, kupewa kutenga zoopsa. |
| Zinthu zazikulu |
|
Popeza matenda onsewa amavutika kulabadira, nthawi zina OCD imatha kuonedwa kuti ndi ADHD molakwika. Chifukwa chake, dokotala akapeza OCD, amafufuza makamaka ngati mwanayo akutsatira machitidwe ndi zizolowezi zolimba.
Kodi mwana angakhale ndi matenda onsewa nthawi imodzi?
Inde, zingatheke. Ndipotu, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi mwana mmodzi mwa asanu omwe ali ndi OCD alinso ndi ADHD. Pamene mwana akukula, zizindikiro za ADHD zimatha kuchepa ndipo zizindikiro za OCD zimatha kuonekera kwambiri.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pali mankhwala othandiza pa matenda onse awiri. Ngati mwana ali ndi matenda onse awiri, dokotala angaphatikizepo mankhwala awa kuti apange dongosolo la chithandizo.
- Chithandizo cha Khalidwe: `(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - CBT)` ndi njira imodzi yayikulu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Chithandizochi chimathandiza kukonza khalidwe la mwana, kudziletsa, komanso kudzidalira pa ADHD, komanso kuchepetsa mantha ndi malingaliro osafunikira mu OCD.
- Mankhwala: Ngati pakufunika, dokotala angakupatseni mankhwala.
- Kwa ADHD: Zolimbikitsa (monga methylphenidate) zimathandizira kuti ubongo ukhale ndi mbali yakutsogolo komanso kuti chidwi chikhale bwino.
- Kwa OCD: Gulu la mankhwala otchedwa Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) amalamulira zizindikiro mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa serotonin muubongo.
- Chofunika kwambiri: Mankhwala aliwonse mwa awa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu akulangizani.
- Thandizo Lina:
- Kuphunzitsa makolo: Kuphunzitsa makolo momwe angalankhulire ndi mwana wawo.
- Thandizo la sukulu: Dziwitsani aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito kusukulu ndipo pemphani thandizo lawo.
- Chithandizo cha banja: Kukhudza banja lonse.
Ngati mukuona kuti chithandizo china sichikugwira ntchito kwa mwana wanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli. Iye adzatha kukupatsani chithandizo china chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADHD ndi OCD ndi matenda awiri okhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, osati khalidwe loipa kapena chizolowezi choipa.
- Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zili ndi kufanana, zifukwa zake ndi machitidwe ake ndi zosiyana. ADHD imadziwika ndi kusakhazikika maganizo ndi kusakhazikika maganizo, pomwe OCD imadziwika ndi malingaliro osafunikira komanso machitidwe obwerezabwereza.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza khalidwe la mwana wanu, musanyalanyaze zimenezo, koma funsani dokotala wa ana kapena wamisala kuti akupatseni upangiri.
- Ndi chithandizo choyenera (mankhwala ochiritsira khalidwe, komanso ngati pakufunika, mankhwala), mavuto onsewa akhoza kuthetsedwa bwino ndipo mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wosangalala.
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