Kodi mukudziwa za 'asilikali' omwe ali m'magazi mwanu? (Ma lymphocyte) Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Kodi munayamba mwayang'anapo lipoti lanu la magazi, kutanthauza Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Onse (FBC), ndikuona mawu oti 'Lymphocytes'? Mwina anasonyezedwa ndi muvi wosonyeza kuti mtengo wake unali wapamwamba kapena wotsika kuposa wamba. Chifukwa chake, kuona izi kungakhale koopsa pang'ono. Kodi ma lymphocyte awa ndi chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'matupi athu? Musadandaule, tidzakambirana chilichonse m'njira yosavuta komanso yomveka bwino lero.

Mwachidule, kodi ma lymphocyte amenewa ndi chiyani?

Ma Lymphocyte ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera m'magazi mwanu. Ganizirani thupi lathu ngati dziko. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi ndi gulu lankhondo la dzikolo. Ma Lymphocyte ndi asilikali ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso ofunikira kwambiri m'gululi. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikulimbana ndi adani omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu, monga majeremusi, mavairasi, ndi mabakiteriya, ndikutiteteza ku matenda.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya asilikali a lymphocyte awa.

• Ma T lymphocytes (ma T cell): Awa ali ngati atsogoleri a asilikali. Amalamulira momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira, komanso amafufuza ndikuwononga mwachindunji maselo omwe ali ndi majeremusi ndi maselo a khansa omwe alowa m'thupi.
• Ma lymphocyte a B (maselo a B): Awa ndi opanga zida zankhondo. Amapanga mapuloteni apadera otchedwa ma antibodies . Ma antibodies amenewa ali ngati ma missile obwera. Amalumikizana ndi adani, monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, omwe alowa m'thupi ndikuwaletsa kugwira ntchito.

Kodi ma lymphocyte amachita chiyani kwenikweni m'thupi?

Ntchito yaikulu ya ma lymphocyte ndikuteteza thupi lathu. Amalimbana ndi zinthu zakunja, kapena ma antigen , zomwe zimalowa m'thupi. Adani awa ndi mavairasi, mabakiteriya, komanso maselo a khansa.

Koma chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti, ma lymphocyte ali ndi kukumbukira kwabwino kwambiri . Saiwala mdani amene adakumana nayepo. Tangoganizirani, munali ndi nthenda ya nkhuku muli mwana. Panthawiyo, ma lymphocyte anu adalimbana ndi kachilombo ka nthenda ya nkhuku ndipo ankakumbukira zambiri zokhudza kachilomboka. Timatcha maselo omwe ali ndi maselo okumbukira kukumbukira aka. Kenako, ngati kachilombo ka nthenda ya nkhuku komweko kayesa kulowanso m'thupi lanu tsiku lina, maselo okumbukirawo amazindikira msanga, amachenjeza gulu lankhondo kuti mdani wakale wabwerera, ndipo amapanga mwachangu ma antibodies ofunikira kuti awononge kachilomboka.

Kodi maselo a T ndi maselo a B amagwira ntchito bwanji limodzi?

Maselo a T ndi maselo a B awa ali ngati anthu awiri ogwira ntchito limodzi, koma ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana. Amathandizana kumenyana ndi mdani.

Ma T cell - Atsogoleri ndi Asilikali Apadera a gulu lathu lankhondo!

Ntchito yaikulu ya maselo a T ndi kuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikuwongolera momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito. Pali mitundu ingapo ya maselo a T:

• Maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni: Awa ndi magulu apadera a asilikali. Amapita mwachindunji ku maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena khansa, amalumikizana nawo, amawononga nembanemba ya selo, ndikutumiza ma enzyme mkati kuti aphe selo.
• Maselo a T othandiza: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, awa amathandiza maselo ena oteteza thupi. Maselo ena a T othandiza amauza maselo a B kuti, "Nayi mdani, pangani ma antibodies mwachangu." Ena amathandiza kuyambitsa maselo a T opha.
• Maselo a T olamulira : Awa ndi anthu omwe amadziwa nthawi yoti asiye kumenyana. Nkhondo ikatha, amapanga zinthu zomwe zimaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Ngati satero, gulu lathu lankhondo likhoza kuukira maselo athu abwino.

Maselo a B - opanga zida!

Ntchito yaikulu ya maselo a B ndi kupanga zida zotchedwa ma antibodies. Amatha kupanga ma antibodies enieni omwe ali apadera kwa mdani aliyense. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe maselo a B amayankhira:

• Chitetezo chamthupi chachikulu: Pamene antigen ipezeka koyamba, maselo a B amalimbikitsidwa. Maselo ena a B amakhala maselo okumbukira. Maselo ena a B amakhala maselo a plasma ndipo amayamba kupanga ma antibodies omwe ali enieni a antigen imeneyo. Izi zimatha kutenga masiku angapo.
• Chitetezo chamthupi chachiwiri: Ngati mdani yemweyo abwerera m'thupi tsiku lina, maselo okumbukira omwe adapangidwa kale amazindikira msanga. Kenako amagawikana mwachangu, amakhala maselo a plasma, ndipo mwachangu amapanga ma antibodies ambiri ofanana ndi mdaniyo.

Kodi mungamvetse bwanji mfundo za lymphocyte mu lipoti la magazi?

YanuChiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'magazi chimasiyana pang'ono kutengera zaka, jenda, dera lomwe mumakhala, komanso moyo wanu. Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphocyte omwe amavomerezedwa.

Kawirikawiri, ma lymphocyte amapanga pakati pa 20% ndi 40% ya maselo oyera onse a m'magazi.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte kumatanthauza chiyani? (Kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte m'magazi)

Ngati chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'magazi chili chokwera kuposa chachibadwa, madokotala amati lymphocytosis . Musachite mantha mukaona izi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte ndi chizindikiro chabwino chakuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chikulimbana ndi matenda m'thupi lanu.

Komabe, nthawi zina matenda aakulu kwambiri angayambitse kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocytes.

• Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi monga chiwindi
• Chindoko
• Mononucleosis
• Chifuwa chachikulu
• HIV ndi Edzi
• Hypothyroidism
• Matenda monga chifuwa chachikulu
• Khansa ya m'magazi monga lymphoma kapena leukemia

Kodi kuchepa kwa ma lymphocyte ndi chiyani? (Lymphocytopenia)

Ngati chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'magazi chili chotsika kuposa chachibadwa, timachitcha kuti lymphocytopenia . Vutoli lingayambitsidwe ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono monga chimfine kapena fuluwenza. Komanso, chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte chingachepe chifukwa cha zifukwa zina zazikulu.

• HIV kapena Edzi
• Chifuwa chachikulu kapena malungo a typhoid
• Matenda a chiwindi a kachilombo
• Matenda a autoimmune monga lupus
• Ma radiation kapena chemotherapy kwa khansa
• Matenda osowa kwambiri, obadwa nawo m'majini

Kodi pali zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte?

Chofunika kukumbukira apa ndichakuti kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte sikubweretsa zizindikiro zokha . Mumakhala ndi zizindikiro chifukwa cha chifukwa chachikulu cha kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte anu kwasintha chifukwa cha khansa kapena matenda oopsa, mungasonyeze zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matendawa.