Kodi mukudziwa za mthenga wamng'ono uyu m'thupi lanu? (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - ACTH)

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo zomwe zimachitika m'thupi lanu mukakhala ndi nkhawa kapena mukumva kupsinjika kwambiri? Thupi lathu lili ndi bwenzi laling'ono lomwe sitingathe kuliona lomwe limatithandiza nthawi ngati izi. Dzina lake ndi ACTH. Lero, tikambirana za ACTH iyi.

Kodi ACTH ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ACTH ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi pituitary gland yanu. Amachita gawo lalikulu pa momwe thupi lanu limayankhira kupsinjika . ACTH ikatulutsidwa, imauza ma adrenal glands anu kuti atulutse cortisol, yomwe tonse timaidziwa kuti ndi "hormone yopsinjika," ndi gulu la mahomoni ogonana otchedwa androgens.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti mahomoni awa ndi chiyani, sichoncho? Mahomoni ndi mankhwala omwe amagwirizanitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lanu. Ali ngati amithenga. Mauthenga awa amayenda kudzera m'magazi anu kupita ku ziwalo zanu, khungu, minofu, ndi minofu ina. Zizindikirozi zimauza thupi lanu chochita ndi nthawi yochichita.

Pituitary gland yanu ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono, kofanana ndi nandolo komwe kali pansi pa ubongo wanu, pansi pa hypothalamus. Ndi gawo la dongosolo lanu la endocrine. Pituitary gland ili ndi magawo awiri: anterior lobe ndi posterior lobe. Anterior pituitary gland yanu ndi yomwe imapanga ndikutulutsa ACTH.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi ACTH?

Ntchito yaikulu ya ACTH ndikulimbikitsa ma adrenal glands anu kuti atulutse hormone ya cortisol. Taganizirani izi ngati ACTH ili ngati mkulu wa asilikali akuuza ma adrenal glands anu kuti apange cortisol.

Cortisol ndi mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe matupi athu amafunikira. Amakhudza pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse ndi minofu m'thupi. Cortisol imadziwika kuti "hormone yopsinjika," koma kwenikweni ili ndi ntchito zina zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu.

Nazi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudza cortisol:

• Mumalamulira momwe thupi lanu limayankhira kupsinjika maganizo .
• Zimathandiza kulamulira momwe thupi lanu limagwiritsira ntchito mafuta, mapuloteni, ndi chakudya, kutanthauza kagayidwe kanu ka chakudya.
• Kutupa , komwe kumatanthauza kutupa ndi kufiira m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, kumachepa.
• Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi .
• Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi .
• Zimathandizanso kuwongolera nthawi yanu yogona ndi kudzuka .

Sikuti izi zokha, ACTH imachitanso china. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imalimbikitsa ma adrenal glands kuti atulutse mahomoni ogonana otchedwa androgens. Kuphatikiza apo, ACTH imathandiza kupanga mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni ambiri, monga adrenaline ndi noradrenaline.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa ACTH kumayendetsedwa bwanji?

Miyezo ya ACTH m'thupi lanu imayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo losangalatsa kwambiri. Limatchedwa dongosolo loyankha. Limakhudza hypothalamus yanu, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, ndi mahomoni ena. Timatcha dongosolo lonseli kuti Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis . Zikumveka zovuta pang'ono, sichoncho? Koma ndizosavuta.

Tangoganizani kuti pituitary gland yanu yalumikizidwa ku hypothalamus yanu ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha. Imeneyi imatchedwa pituitary plum. Ndi kudzera mu kachidutswa aka komwe hypothalamus imalankhula ndi pituitary gland ndikuiuza kuti itulutse mahomoni enaake. Hypothalamus yanu ndi gawo la ubongo wanu lomwe limalamulira zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, kutentha kwa thupi, ndi kugaya chakudya.

Ma adrenal glands ndi tinthu tiwiri tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pamwamba pa impso zanu.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe njira iyi yowunikira milingo ya ACTH imagwirira ntchito:

• Pamene kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'thupi lanu kumatsika, hypothalamus yanu imatulutsa hormone yotchedwa Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) .
• CRH iyi imalimbikitsa gawo lanu la pituitary kuti litulutse ACTH.
• Kenako ACTH imalimbikitsa ma adrenal glands anu, makamaka adrenal cortex, kuti atulutse cortisol ndi androgens.
• Pamene kuchuluka kwa cortisol kukukwera motere, kumatumiza chizindikiro ku hypothalamus kuti kuchepetse kuchuluka kwa CRH. Ndipo umu ndi momwe kayendedwe kamathera. Zili ngati 'switch yozimitsira' .

Sikuti izi zokha, mukakhala ndi nkhawa , ndiko kuti, mukakhala ndi nkhawa yamaganizo, kupanga kwa ACTH kumalimbikitsidwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa cortisol kumawonjezeka.

Komabe, ngati pali vuto ndi hypothalamus yanu, pituitary gland, kapena adrenal glands, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amakhudzidwa ndi njirayi, yomwe ndi ACTH, kungasokonezeke.

Kodi mungayang'ane bwanji kuchuluka kwa ACTH?

Kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ACTH m'magazi anu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalamula kuti munthu ayesedwe ndi cortisol pamodzi ndi mayeso a ACTH kuti adziwe ngati pali vuto ndi pituitary gland kapena adrenal glands.

Komanso, madokotala nthawi zina amatha kuchita mayeso otchedwa ACTH stimulation test . Izi zimayesa momwe adrenal glands yanu imayankhira ku ACTH. Izi zingathandizenso kuzindikira mavuto a pituitary ndi/kapena adrenal glands.

Kodi mulingo wabwinobwino wa ACTH ndi wotani?

Monga cortisol, kuchuluka kwa ACTH m'magazi mwanu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu m'mawa kwambiri. Kumachepa pang'onopang'ono pamene tsiku likupitirira, kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri pakati pausiku. Komabe, ngati mugwira ntchito usiku ndikugona nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku, izi zitha kusintha.

Chifukwa chake, mayeso a ACTH nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti magazi atengedwe m'mawa. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa ACTH pakati pa 7:00 a.m. ndi 10:00 a.m. ndi ma picogram 7.2 mpaka 63.3 pa milliliter (7.2 mpaka 63.3 pg/mL) .

Koma kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi. Mitundu yachibadwa imeneyi imatha kusiyana malinga ndi labu, nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu. Ngati mwayesedwa ndi ACTH, dokotala wanu ndiye amene adzawerenga zotsatira zanu ndikukuuzani ngati pakufunika kuyezetsa kwina kapena ayi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati kuchuluka kwa ACTH kukwera?

Ngati mulingo wanu wa ACTH uli wokwera, mwina mulingo wanu wa cortisol nawonso ndi wokwera. Chifukwa cortisol imakhudza thupi m'njira zambiri, mutha kukumana ndi zotsatirapo za cortisol yokwera m'malo mwa zizindikiro za ACTH yokwera. Nthawi zina, pamene ma adrenal glands anu sakupanga cortisol yokwanira, mulingo wa ACTH ukhoza kuwonjezeka. Pazochitika zimenezo, mutha kukumana ndi zizindikiro za cortisol yotsika, osati ACTH yokwera.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa ACTH m'magazi:

• Matenda a Cushing: Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa ACTH. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chotupa chosakhala khansa (adenoma) mu pituitary gland chomwe chimapanga ACTH yambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa cortisol kuchuluke. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa matenda a Cushing ndi matenda a Cushing . Matenda a Cushing ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Cushing.
• Chotupa cha mahomoni otchedwa ectopic adrenocorticotropic: Kawirikawiri, chotupa chomwe chimakula kunja kwa pituitary gland yanu chimatha kutulutsa ACTH yambiri. Zotupa zomwe zingayambitse ACTH mwanjira iyi (ngakhale sizimachitika kawirikawiri) zimaphatikizapo zotupa za carcinoid za m'mapapo zomwe sizili khansa, zotupa za islet cell za kapamba, medullary carcinoma ya chithokomiro, zotupa zazing'ono za m'mapapo, ndi zotupa za thymus gland .
• Kulephera kwa adrenal cortex koyamba: Vutoli limachitika pamene chinachake chawononga ma adrenal glands anu ndipo sangathe kupanga cortisol bwino.Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa vuto lalikulu la adrenal insufficiency. Zotsatira zake, pituitary gland yanu imatulutsa ACTH yambiri chifukwa imafuna kuyambitsa adrenal glands.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati kuchuluka kwa ACTH kutsika?

Ngati kuchuluka kwa ACTH kuli kotsika chifukwa cha vuto la pituitary gland, kuchuluka kwa cortisol nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa cortisol kuli kokwera chifukwa cha vuto la adrenal gland, kuchuluka kwa ACTH kungakhale kotsika.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe kuchuluka kwa ACTH kungakhale kochepa:

• Matenda a Cushing: Matenda a Cushing, omwe angayambitsidwe ndi chotupa cha adrenal gland kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a corticosteroid kwa nthawi yayitali pa matenda ena, angayambitse kuchepa kwa ACTH. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti pituitary gland yanu singathe kutulutsa ACTH mwachizolowezi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa cortisol.
• Hypopituitarism: Imeneyi ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland yanu imapanga mahomoni ochepa kwambiri a mahomoni amodzi, angapo, kapena onse. ACTH ndi amodzi mwa mahomoni omwe angakhudzidwe. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa pituitary gland yanu, monga chotupa, opaleshoni, kapena chithandizo cha radiation, kungayambitse hypopituitarism.

Pofika pano mwina mukumvetsa kuti ACTH ndi yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'magazi anu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'magazi anu, monga kunenepa kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri kapena kochepa, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kuyesa magazi a cortisol ndi ACTH kuti adziwe ngati adrenal glands kapena pituitary gland yanu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu.

Ndiye ndi zinthu ziti zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira?

ACTH ndi mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri opangidwa ndi pituitary gland omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kupsinjika m'thupi lathu.

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- Ichi ndi chomwe chimalimbikitsa ma adrenal glands kuti apange "hormone yovutitsa maganizo" cortisol .

- Cortisol imalamulira zinthu zambiri, monga kagayidwe kathu ka chakudya, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

- Miyezo ya ACTH imayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lovuta lomwe limakhudza hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ndi adrenal glands .

- Ngati kuchuluka kwa ACTH kukukwera kapena kutsika, kungayambitse matenda a Cushing, matenda a Addison.Mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo angachitike.

- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala popanda mantha ndikupempha upangiri.

ACTH , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Cortisol, Pituitary gland, Adrenal glands, Mahomoni, Kupsinjika Maganizo