Tiyeni tiphunzire za chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Mawu oti "khansa" amatiopseza tonse pang'ono, sichoncho? Koma ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, njira zambiri zatsopano komanso zopambana zothanirana ndi khansa zatulukira. Lero, tikambirana za njira yopambana yochiritsira yomwe ikukambidwa kwambiri, makamaka khansa ya m'mawere. Izi zimatchedwa Targeted Therapy . Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso zomwe muyenera kudziwa za izo.

Mwachidule, kodi Targeted Therapy ndi chiyani?

Taganizirani izi, chemotherapy, monga momwe timadziwira nthawi zambiri, imawononga maselo ogawa mofulumira. Izi sizingawononge maselo a khansa okha komanso maselo athanzi m'thupi lathu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa monga kutaya tsitsi ndi nseru.

Koma njira yochizira iyi yotchedwa Targeted Therapy ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi imeneyo. Kunena zoona, iyi ndi njira yanzeru kwambiri. Imangolimbana ndi maselo a khansa okha . Njira yochizira iyi imagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi cha thupi lathu kuwononga maselo a khansa, kapena kuletsa zizindikiro zomwe maselo a khansa amafunikira kuti akule. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo athanzi awonongeke pang'ono. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy.

Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Antibodies: Ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa ndi maselo apadera m'thupi lathu. Ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa mwaluso mu labotale ndipo amaperekedwa ku thupi ngati mankhwala. Amamatira ku maselo a khansa ndipo amawaletsa kukula kapena kuwawononga.

2. Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a mamolekyu: Awa ndi mankhwala omwe angatengedwe ngati mapiritsi. Amagwira ntchito potseka njira zolumikizirana mkati mwa maselo a khansa zomwe zimawathandiza kugawikana ndikukula.

Dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu wa chithandizo choyenera kwa inu kutengera mtundu weniweni wa khansa ya m'mawere yomwe muli nayo.

Khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2-Positive ndi Chithandizo Chake

Pafupifupi 20% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kapena pafupifupi m'modzi mwa asanu, ali ndi vuto mu jini yotchedwa `HER2`. Vutoli limapangitsa jini kupanga makope ambiri. Ngati pali mapuloteni ambiri a `HER2` pa maselo a khansa, timatcha khansayo "khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2."

Ngati khansa yanu ili ndi `HER2-positive`, pali njira zinazake zochiritsira zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

• Trastuzumab :Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu yothandizira khansa ya `HER2-positive`. Mankhwalawa amapezeka pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana monga `Herceptin`, `Kanjinti`, `Ogivri`. Ndi jakisoni woperekedwa mumtsempha. Amakhulupirira kuti amalamulira khansa m'njira zitatu zazikulu:
• Maselo a khansa amamatira pamwamba ndipo amawaletsa kukula.
• Zimathandiza kuwononga maselo a khansa popereka chizindikiro ku chitetezo chathu chamthupi.
• Mukapatsidwa mankhwala a chemotherapy, mankhwalawa amawonjezera kupambana kwa mankhwalawa.

• Pertuzumab: Mankhwalawa, omwe ali pansi pa dzina la `Perjeta`, ndi mankhwala ena oletsa khansa omwe amaperekedwa ku khansa ya `HER2-positive`. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi `Trastuzumab` ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy `docetaxel`. Komabe, si oyenera amayi apakati, chifukwa angavulaze mwana wosabadwayo.

• Mankhwala ena: `Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), `Margetuximab (Margenza), ndi `Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (Enhertu)` ndi mankhwala amakono omwe amaperekedwa pa khansa yamtunduwu, makamaka ngati khansa yafalikira (yapita patsogolo) kapena pamene mankhwala ena alephera.

• Mapiritsi: Lapatinib (Tykerb) ndi Neratinib (Nerlynx) ndi mankhwala ochizira khansa ya HER2 yomwe ingatengedwe ngati mapiritsi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pambuyo pa mankhwala ena.

Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere Yoipa ya HER2

Ngati maselo anu a khansa alibe vuto la majini a `HER2` lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa, kutanthauza kuti palibe mapuloteni ambiri a `HER2`, ndiye kuti khansayo imatchedwa "khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2-negative." Kenako mudzapatsidwa chithandizo china.

Palinso mankhwala enaake ochiritsira khansa yamtunduwu.

• Mankhwala monga `Everolimus (Afinitor), `Palbociclib (Ibrance),` ndi `Ribociclib (Kisqali)` amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a mahomoni. Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwa akazi, makamaka akatha kusamba, omwe khansa yawo yafalikira.
• Ma PARP Inhibitors: Ngati khansa yanu ili ndi HER2-negative ndipo muli ndi BRCA gene mutation, mungapatsidwe mankhwala apadera otchedwa PARP inhibitors, monga Olaparib (Lynparza) ndi Talazoparib (Talzenna). Awa ndi mankhwala ochizira omwe amachizira makamaka maselo a khansa.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake zofala ndi ziti?

Monga tanenera kale, ngakhale kuti pali zotsatirapo zochepa kuposa mankhwala a chemotherapy, chithandizo cholunjika chingayambitsebe zotsatirapo zina. Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi mankhwala. Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse , uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Nthawi zambiri, zimatha kulamulidwa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji zadzidzidzi?

Ngati mukukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, zitha kukhala zadzidzidzi. Musazinyalanyaze. Imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ngati simungathe kumufikira, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi.