Kodi mwana wanu akuvutika kukhala woganizira bwino? Kodi akuvutika kukhala woganizira bwino? Kodi nthawi zonse amadandaula za sukulu ndi makalasi? Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda omwe timatcha ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Monga kholo, lingaliro lanu loyamba panthawiyi lingakhale mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ndi chida chabwino, sangathe kuchita chilichonse. Palibe piritsi lomwe lingakuphunzitseni njira zoyenera zolerera ana kuti muwongolere khalidwe la mwana wanu, kulimbitsa kudzidalira kwawo, komanso chofunika kwambiri, kukuthandizani kuthana ndi nkhawa za mwana wanu. Komabe, chithandizo cha mabanja chingathandize banja lonse kugwira ntchito limodzi ndikupanga zotsatira zokhalitsa.
Kodi chithandizo cha mabanja chingathandize bwanji?
Mukakhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi ADHD kunyumba, mwina mwazindikira kuti njira "zachikhalidwe" zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito polanga ana, monga chilango ndi mphotho, sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Kusamalira ana nthawi yayitali komanso kusachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kumawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kuwalamulira kuposa ana ena. Koma chilango chokhazikika chimangowonjezera khalidwe lawo, ndipo chimawononganso chithunzi chawo.
Tangoganizirani, mwana wanu akagwetsa chidole pansi, mumamuuza kuti achiike pamalo ake, koma sakumvera. Mukamuuza kuti achite zimenezo, amayamba kulira. Zinthu zoterezi zikachitika kawirikawiri m'nyumba, mlengalenga panyumba umakhala wosokonezeka kwambiri.
Chithandizo cha mabanja chimathandiza kuti nyumba yanu, ndi aliyense amene ali mmenemo, iziyenda bwino komanso mosangalala.
Chithandizochi chikhoza kutsogozedwa ndi makolo kapena kupangitsa mwana kukhala ndi nthawi yophunzira. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika ndi njira iliyonse mwa izi:
- Banja lonse limaphunzira kugwira ntchito limodzi ngati gulu limodzi .
- Zimalimbitsa mphamvu ya mwana yolamulira malingaliro ndi zochita zake.
- Khalidwe la mwana limakula bwino kusukulu, kunyumba, ndi ena, komanso m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri.
- Tikukuphunzitsani inu, kholo, njira zabwino kwambiri zochitira zinthu ndi mwana wanu.
Chithandizo Chotsogozedwa ndi Makolo
Ngati muli ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD wosakwana zaka 12, chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chingakhale chithandizo cha khalidwe. Timaphunzitsa makolo kuchita izi.Maphunziro a Makolo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Behavioral Parent Training, amachokera ku lingaliro lakuti ndinu mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri wa mwana. Akatswiri amati njira iyi ndi yothandiza chifukwa ana aang'ono sangathe kuchita zinthu zawo okha popanda thandizo la banja lawo.
Mu izi, mudzakumana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kwa nthawi pafupifupi 8 mpaka 16. Panthawiyi, mudzaphunzira njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito ndi mwana wanu, komanso momwe malingaliro a mwana wanu amagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe lake. Mwanayo sadzabwera ku magawo oyamba awa. Akakonzeka kulowa nanu, omwe ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 8-10, timatcha kuti chithandizo chophatikizana cha makolo ndi ana. Panthawiyo, magawo awa akhoza kukhala inu ndi mnzanu wanu. Nthawi zina pangakhale magawo amagulu ndi mabanja ena ngati inu.
Pakati pa magawo awa, muyenera kuchita zomwe mwaphunzira kunyumba. Nthawi zina mlangizi amakumana ndi banja lanu lonse kuti aone momwe njirazo zikugwirira ntchito komanso momwe mukuyendera.
Kodi mukuphunzira chiyani kuchokera ku mankhwala awa?
Maphunziro a makolo amakhudza pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachidule:
- Kodi mungakhazikitse bwanji malire m'njira imene mwana wanu akumvetsa? Kodi mungakhazikitse bwanji malamulo omveka bwino ndikuuza mwana wanu zomwe akuyenera kuchita m'njira imene akumvetsa.
- Momwe mungakonzere malo anu apakhomo. Kupanga nyumba yosunga nthawi komanso yokhala ndi malamulo.
- Momwe mungayang'anire makhalidwe enaake. Mumasankha khalidwe linalake lolakwika ndikuphunzira momwe mungayankhire . Izi zitha kutanthauza kupatsa munthu khalidwe labwino, kuchotsa mwayi kwakanthawi chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga 'nthawi yopuma'. Mumaphunziranso nthawi yonyalanyaza khalidwe linalake loipa.
- Momwe mungasinthire zolakwa za mwana wanu kukhala mwayi wophunzira. Ana omwe ali ndi ADHD amavutika kumvetsetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zochita zawo ndi zotsatira zake okha. Mutha kuwawonetsa kulumikizanako.
- Momwe mungadziwitsire osamalira ena (monga agogo, azakhali) za njira zatsopanozi ndikupeza chithandizo chawo.
Uphungu wa mabanja ndi mankhwala a ADHD
Kwa ana osakwana zaka 6, funsani katswiri musanapereke mankhwala.Ndikukulangizani mwamphamvu kuti muyesere chithandizo cha khalidwe la makolo. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala konse. Komabe, zotsatira za uphungu zimakhala zokhalitsa, ndipo palibe zotsatirapo zoyipa kuchokera ku mankhwala. Komanso, ngakhale mwana wanu atapezeka kuti ali ndi ADHD molakwika, njirazi sizingavulaze aliyense.
Koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kupereka mankhwala pamodzi ndi uphungu wa mabanja ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa ana a msinkhu wa sukulu. Ngakhale zili choncho, bungwe la FDA ku US limati ana opitirira zaka 5 ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala pokhapokha ngati uphungu sukusintha mbali imodzi ya moyo wawo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu musanapange chisankho chilichonse chokhudza chilichonse mwa izi.
Komanso, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti ana omwe amapindula ndi uphungu wa banja akamamwa mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe amalandira .
Chithandizo Chogwirizana cha Makolo ndi Ana
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri makolo amalangizidwa kuphunzitsa ana aang'ono, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti makolo ndi ana amatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino akakumana ndi mlangizi pamodzi. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri makamaka pamene mwanayo akulowa muunyamata ndi unyamata. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro za ADHD zingachepe pakapita nthawi, mwanayo akhoza kukhalabe ndi mavuto a maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo mkangano mkati mwa banja ukhoza kukhalapobe.
| Ubwino wa chithandizo chophatikizana | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Kukonza ubale wa m'banja | Kumvetsetsana kumawonjezeka chifukwa aliyense akulankhulana pamodzi. |
| Kuchepetsa nkhawa m'banja | Kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto pamodzi kumachepetsa nkhawa kunyumba. |
| Chilango Chogwira Mtima | Chifukwa malamulo amapangidwa pamodzi ndi mwana, nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa. |
| Kuwunika kosavuta | N'kosavuta kuyang'anira khalidwe la mwana ndi kupita patsogolo kwake chifukwa aliyense ali pamodzi. |
Ngakhale mwana wanu atakhala wamng'ono, mutha kuphunzirabe njira zothandiza zolerera ana. Koma zimasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu ndi umunthu wa mwanayo. Mwachitsanzo:
- Mwana wamng'onoyo amatenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano yolangiza ndi makolo ake.
- Mukhozanso kuthandiza mwana wanu kupeza njira zothetsera khalidwe lake loipa ndikusankha chilango chomwe angagwiritse ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kupatsa mwana wanu homuweki m'malo mwa 'nthawi yopuma'.
- Ngati aphunzira bwino ndipo apeza zigoli zabwino pa mayeso, akhoza kudzipangira mphoto ngati cholinga . Zimenezi zikutanthauza chinthu chofunika kwa iye, monga kuloledwa kutuluka ndi anzake.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chithandizo cha mabanja si njira yokhayo yothetsera ADHD, koma ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri komanso chokhalitsa.
- Ngati muli ndi mwana wamng'ono, muyenera kuyesa kaye maphunziro a makolo. Izi zidzakuphunzitsani zambiri kuposa mwanayo.
- Uphungu wa m'banja si chinthu chongochitikira mwana, koma umalimbitsa ubale wa banja lonse ndipo umapangitsa kuti panyumba pakhale bata komanso chisangalalo.
- Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu kuti akupatseni upangiri musanasankhe ngati muyambe kumwa mankhwala, upangiri, kapena zonse ziwiri.
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