Kodi mukukumana ndi zinthu zachilendo m'thupi lanu? Mwina ndikofunikira kudziwa za Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)!

Kodi mumamvapo ngati zinthu m'thupi lanu zikusintha m'njira zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira? Nthawi zina zimakhala ngati mutaya mphamvu zanu mukamayenda, kapena mukumva chizungulire mukayimirira mwadzidzidzi. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe nthawi zina sitimaziganizira kwambiri, koma zingakhalenso zizindikiro za matenda ena osowa amitsempha. Lero tikambirana za vuto limodzi lotere lomwe ndi lovuta pang'ono, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kulidziwa. Ndi Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) .

Kodi Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) ndi matenda osowa kwambiri amitsempha omwe mbali zina za ubongo wathu zimafooka pang'onopang'ono, kutanthauza kuti, zimawonongeka. Pakapita nthawi, ntchito ndi luso la thupi lathu lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi ziwalo izi za ubongo limayamba kuwonongeka. Uwu ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuchira kwathunthu.

Kale, MSA inkatchedwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Mwina munamvapo mayina monga `Shy-Drager syndrome`, `Sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy`, `Striatonigral degeneration`. Patapita nthawi madokotala anazindikira kuti matenda onsewa anali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Ndicho chifukwa chake anaphatikiza onsewo ndikuwapatsa dzina latsopano, `Multiple System Atrophy` (MSA). Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo la ubongo lomwe lawonongeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake munthu aliyense amakumana ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya MSA, sichoncho? Kodi ndi chiyani?

Inde, kuti adziwe bwino momwe MSA ilili, madokotala aigawa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, kutengera zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera:

1. MSA-C : 'C' apa ikuyimira 'cerebellar'. Mtundu uwu umakhudza kwambiri luso lanu logwirizanitsa mayendedwe anu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mumataya mphamvu yanu , yomwe madokotala amatchanso kuti 'ataxia'. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha mtundu uwu. Nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuwonanso mavuto ndi machitidwe owongolera okha a thupi ('autonomic dysfunction') komanso kugwa pafupipafupi.

2. MSA-P : 'P' apa ikuyimira 'parkinsonism'. Mu mtundu uwu, zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a Parkinson zimawonekera. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro za Parkinson izi zimaonekera kwambiri kumayambiriro, pakapita nthawi, mavuto ndi dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha komanso zizindikiro za 'ataxia' zimatha kuwonekeranso.

Kodi ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a MSA amenewa? Kodi ndi ofala bwanji?

MSA nthawi zambiri imakhudza akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 30. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimaonekera pakati pa zaka 50 ndi 59. Zingakhudze aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za jenda.

Koma MSA ndi vuto losowa kwambiri . Akatswiri amati pali milandu yatsopano 0.6 kapena 0.7 yokha pa anthu 100,000 pachaka. Chiwerengero chonse cha milandu chikuyembekezeka kukhala pakati pa 3.4 ndi 4.9 pa anthu 100,000. Kotero mutha kuwona momwe izi zilili zachilendo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'thupi la munthu amene ali ndi MSA? Ndi mbali ziti za ubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa?

MSA ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo la ubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa. Mbali zazikulu za ubongo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi MSA ndi izi:

• Magulu a ubongo : Izi zili pakati pa ubongo. Zimalumikiza mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo ndikuzithandiza kugwira ntchito limodzi. Zili ngati chipinda chachikulu chowongolera ubongo .
• Brainstem : Ichi ndi chomwe chimalamulira machitidwe ambiri odziyimira pawokha m'thupi lathu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zinthu zomwe zimachitika zokha popanda ife kuganizira za izo, mwachitsanzo, kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti munthu apulumuke.
• Cerebellum : Iyi ili kumbuyo kwa mutu, pansi. Imayang'anira kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka thupi ndikukhala bwino. Imagwiranso ntchito ndi ziwalo zina za ubongo. Ofufuza akuphunzirabe za ntchito yake yonse, koma umboni wina ukusonyeza kuti imagwiranso ntchito m'malingaliro athu ndi kupanga zisankho.

Kotero, pamene ziwalo izi za ubongo zawonongeka, ntchito zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ziwalo zimenezo sizingagwire bwino ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati `Brainstem` yawonongeka, mavuto ndi zinthu zodzipangira zokha monga kuthamanga kwa magazi angachitike.

Kodi zizindikiro za MSA ndi ziti? Kodi timazizindikira bwanji?

Zizindikiro zina za MSA ndizofala kwa mitundu yonse iwiri, ndipo zina zimakhala za mtundu uliwonse. Koma chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimapezeka kwa mitundu yonse iwiri ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi. Mwachidule, machitidwe owongolera okha a thupi lanu amasokonekera.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto ndi dongosolo lamanjenje la autonomic:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'thupi (Orthostatic hypotension ): Izi zimachitika pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa chizungulire , pamene musintha malo, mwachitsanzo, pamene muyimirira mwadzidzidzi mutakhala pansi.
• Kulephera kulamulira mkodzo (`kulephera kudziletsa`) ndi kulephera kulamulira ndowe (`kulephera kudziletsa`).
• Kulephera kugonana, makamaka mwa amuna, kumachititsa kuti pakhale vuto loti mwamuna asamakome (erectile dysfunction).
• Matenda a tulo oyenda mofulumira (REM) : Mofanana ndi matenda a Parkinson, mukamalota, mumachita zinthu zomwe munkachita m'maloto anu. Mutha kufuula kapena kukweza manja anu.
• Kuchepa kwa thukuta (anhidrosis).
• Mavuto a masomphenya.
• Pakamwa pouma.
• Kulephera kupuma mokwanira.
• Kugaya pang'onopang'ono ndi kudzimbidwa.

Taganizirani kuti zizindikiro zambiri za autonomic izi zimatha kuonekera miyezi ingapo, ngakhale zaka, zizindikiro za kayendedwe ka thupi zisanawonekere. Izi zimachitika pakati pa 20% ndi 75% ya odwala a MSA.

Makhalidwe a m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo

Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu omwe ali ndi MSA amakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi luso lawo loganiza komanso kukhazikika. Amavutikanso kulamulira malingaliro awo. Izi zingayambitse mavuto amisala monga:

• Nkhawa.
• Kuvutika maganizo.
• Kusakhazikika kwa maganizo: Ndiko kuti, kulira ndi kuseka mosayenera.
• Kuukira ndi mantha.
• Maganizo odzivulaza kapena kudzipha.

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi kuyenda

Makhalidwe a MSA-C (mtundu wa cerebellar):

Mtundu uwu umakhudza kwambiri `ataxia` (kutayika kwa mgwirizano). `Cerebellum` ndi gawo la ubongo lomwe limagwira ntchito yayikulu pakulamulira mayendedwe a minofu. Chifukwa chake, pamene kulumikizana kumeneko kwatayika, zinthu ngati izi zitha kuchitika:

• Kusuntha kosalamulirika komanso kosokonezeka kwa miyendo.
• Kugwedezeka kwa zochita : Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukayesa kuchita china chake, kugwedezeka kwa ziwalo zanu kumawonjezeka.
• Kuyenda ndi mapazi otakata kwambiri .
• Kugwedezeka kwa maso kosalamulirika (nystagmus).

Makhalidwe a MSA-P (mtundu wa Parkinsonism):

Mtundu uwu wa chizindikiro nthawi zambiri umayamba mbali imodzi ya thupi kenako n’kufalikira mbali zonse ziwiri. Zizindikiro izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka motere:

• Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono (bradykinesia), kumva ngati thupi lilibe moyo .
• Kumva kuuma ndi kuuma thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu aime molunjika kutsogolo.
• Kupunthwa pafupipafupi mukuyenda.
• Kulankhula movutikira, kulankhula mopanda tanthauzo .

Nchifukwa chiyani MSA iyi imachitika? Chifukwa chake n'chiyani?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha MSA sichinadziwikebe , koma akatswiri akuganiza kuti chikugwirizana ndi puloteni yotchedwa `alpha-synuclein`, yomwe imatha kudziunjikira m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo wathu. Puloteni yomweyi ikuganiziridwanso kuti ndi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Parkinson.

Mapuloteni ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri kuti matupi athu agwire ntchito. Amathandiza pa zinthu zambiri, monga kulankhulana pakati pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana m'thupi ndi kunyamula mankhwala ozungulira. Komabe, ngati mapuloteniwa asonkhana pamalo olakwika, amatha kuwononga. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka kumeneku ndiko kumapangitsa kuti minofu ya ubongo ifa pang'onopang'ono mu MSA.

Asayansi akufufuzabe chifukwa chake puloteni iyi ya `alpha-synuclein` imasonkhana m'mbali zina za ubongo. Akukayikiranso kuti kusintha kwina kwa majini kungasinthe momwe maselo ena amagwiritsira ntchito `alpha-synuclein` iyi. Palinso umboni wakuti mtundu wa MSA-C umayenda m'mabanja. Komabe, palibe kulumikizana kwa majini kotere komwe kwapezeka kwa mtundu wa MSA-P.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti MSA si matenda opatsirana . Simungawatenge kuchokera kwa wina, komanso simungawapatsire kwa wina.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi MSA? Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa?

Kuti pali MSANjira yokhayo yotsimikizira 100% ndiyo kufufuza minofu ya ubongo munthu akamwalira, chifukwa palibe njira yodziwira molondola ngati `alpha-synuclein` yasonkhana m'malo ena a ubongo pamene munthu ali moyo.

Munthu akadali ndi moyo, madokotala amakayikira kuti ali ndi MSA kutengera zizindikiro, mbiri yachipatala, mbiri ya banja, komanso ngati akuyankha mankhwala enaake kapena ayi. Nthawi zambiri, matenda oyamba ndi matenda a Parkinson kapena matenda ena ofanana ndi amenewa, ndipo matendawa amasinthidwa kukhala MSA pambuyo pake zizindikiro zatsopano zikayamba kapena mankhwala ena akasiya kugwira ntchito.

Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zingasiyanitse MSA ndi matenda a Parkinson:

• MSA ikupita patsogolo mofulumira : Zimatenga zaka kuti munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Parkinson akumane ndi mavuto ndi dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha. Koma mu MSA, mavutowa angayambe mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.
• Zizindikiro zina zimawonekera mosiyana : Zizindikiro za mitsempha yodziyimira payokha, makamaka, zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri mu MSA. Komabe, zinthu monga kunjenjemera zimatha kukhala zochepa, kapena sizingakhalepo konse. Momwe zizindikiro zimafalikira mthupi lonse zimathanso kusiyana.
• Mankhwala sagwira ntchito : Levodopa ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu a matenda a Parkinson. Komabe, levodopa sigwira ntchito bwino mu MSA. Ichi nthawi zambiri ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe madokotala amaganizira kuti mwina ndi MSA osati Parkinson.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe akuchitidwa pa izi?

Pali mayeso ochepa kwambiri omwe amathandiza kuzindikira matenda a MSA mwachindunji. Mayeso ambiri amachitika kuti athetse matenda ena ndikusonkhanitsa umboni wowonjezera kuti atsimikizire kukayikira kuti ndi MSA. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:

• Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) : Izi nthawi zina zingasonyeze madera a ubongo omwe awonongeka. Izi zingathandize kupeza matenda olondola. Ndikofunikanso kuzindikira MSA-C, chifukwa imatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe opingasa m'mbali mwa ubongo ("hot cross bun"). Komabe, chizindikirochi chimawonekeranso m'matenda ena, kotero sikokwanira kuzindikira MSA yokha.
• Kuyesa majini : Izi zitha kuwona kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudza momwe thupi la munthu limagwirira ntchito alpha-synuclein. Mayesowa amatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudzana ndi MSA-C pakati pa anthu aku Japan.
• Kufufuza pakhungu : Mitundu ina ya kusanthula pakhungu imatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za kuchulukana kwa alpha-synuclein m'mitsempha. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti adziwe ngati izi ndizothandiza mokwanira kuti zikhale gawo lofunikira pakuwunika matenda.

Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani za mayeso ena oyenera komanso momwe angakuthandizireni. Adzaganizira mbiri yanu ya thanzi, mbiri ya banja lanu, ndi zinthu zina kuti apange chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.

Kodi pali mankhwala a MSA? Kodi angachiritsidwe?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala enieni omwe apezeka a MSA.Choncho, chithandizo makamaka cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali momwe zingathere. Chithandizo cha zizindikiro za MSA chimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za wodwalayo komanso kuopsa kwake.

Ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za MSA. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumalandira umadalira zizindikiro zanu ndi zina. Dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti akupatseni mankhwala abwino kwambiri, chifukwa iwo ndi omwe amadziwa bwino za matenda anu. Adzakufotokozeraninso zotsatirapo zake zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mankhwalawo.

Chofunika: MSA ndi matenda omwe angadziwike ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake. Choncho, musayese kupeza kapena kuchiza zizindikiro nokha popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Kodi pali njira yopewera kukula kwa MSA?

Akatswiri sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa MSA kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano palibe njira yopewera kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo .

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi MSA angayembekezere tsogolo lotani?

Anthu omwe ali ndi MSA nthawi zambiri amayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuyenda. Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Pafupifupi theka la odwala amafunika thandizo poyenda panthawiyi. Izi zikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo kapena chowongolera. Patatha zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene MSA yayamba, pafupifupi 60% ya odwala amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito chikuku. Pakatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, osachepera theka la odwala amakhala pabedi.

Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo, njira zina kapena njira zina zothandizira zingafunike kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kupewa mavuto oopsa. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Tracheostomy kuti mupitirize kupuma.
• Kudyetsa kudzera mu chubu (`kudyetsa m'chubu` / `zakudya zamkati`).
• Ma catheter okhala mkati kapena urostomy ya kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo.
• Colostomy yothandiza pa mavuto oyenda m'mimba.

Kodi MSA imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

MSA ndi matenda okhalitsa komanso a moyo wonse. Avereji ya nthawi yoyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo ndi matendawa ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka khumi . Mu milandu yochepa, imatha kukhala zaka 15. Komabe, mu milandu yoopsa kwambiri, nthawi yoyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo imatha kukhala yochepa kwambiri. Milandu yoopsa imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Zizindikiro za mitsempha yodziyimira payokha zimakhala zazikulu zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuyenda zisanayambe.
• Ukalamba pa nthawi yodziwira matenda.
• Kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoyenda zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa pafupipafupi.

Kodi maganizo a anthu ndi otani pa nkhaniyi?

Chiyembekezo cha MSA sichili bwino kwenikweni. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza ntchito za thupi ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto oopsa. Mavuto omwe angayambitse imfa ndi awa:

• Chibayo.
• Matenda a mkodzo (UTIs) angayambitse sepsis (kuipitsidwa m'magazi).
• Imfa yadzidzidzi (nthawi zambiri usiku, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa momwe ubongo umalamulira kupuma panthawi yogona).

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji/ndingasamalire bwanji wokondedwa wanga? Ndiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi chiyani?

Anthu omwe ali ndi MSA amakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimapitirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zikafika pamlingo winawake, sangathenso kukhala paokha. Matendawa amathanso kukhudza luso lanu loganiza, kulankhula, komanso kupanga zisankho nokha. Chifukwa cha zonsezi, ndikofunikira kukambirana ndi okondedwa anu za zomwe mukufuna mtsogolo komanso kupanga dongosolo la chithandizo chanu chamankhwala ngati simungathe kupanga zisankho .

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zizindikiro zambiri zoyambirira za MSA ndi zinthu zomwe muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Chisembwere.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'thupi (kuzungulira mutu kapena kukomoka popanda chifukwa chomveka).
• Mavuto ogona komanso kupuma movutikira (kupuma movutikira mukamagona).

Ngati dokotala wakupezani ndi vuto la kuyenda monga matenda a Parkinson, ndikofunikira kulankhula nawo za kusintha kulikonse kwa zizindikiro zanu. Dokotala wanu adzakonza maulendo obwerezabwereza kuti ayang'anire vuto lanu ndikusintha mankhwala anu. Mutha kulankhula za kusintha kulikonse komwe mukuwona paulendowu. Ndizachilendo kuti anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda a Parkinson asinthe matenda awo pambuyo pake, kaya zizindikiro zatsopano zikayamba kapena levodopa ikasiya kugwira ntchito bwino.

Anthu omwe ali ndi MSA nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zizindikiro zina, makamaka mavuto amisala. Ndikofunikira kufunafuna chithandizo cha mavuto amisala okhudzana ndi MSA, komanso zizindikiro zakuthupi. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo kapena kukutumizani kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Mwachidule (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kufooka kwa Magazi (MSA) ndi matenda oopsa, omwe pamapeto pake amapha. Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala kapena chithandizo chachindunji cha vutoli pakadali pano.

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Komabe, zizindikiro zake zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa , ndipo pali njira zochepetsera zotsatira zake ndi zizindikiro zake. Ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa zaka zambiri, kukhala ndi nthawi yamtengo wapatali ndi okondedwa awo, ndikupindula ndi nthawi yawo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zizindikirozo ndi upangiri woyenera wachipatala, popanda kuyambitsa kukhumudwa.

'Kufooka kwa Ma System Ambiri, MSA, Matenda a Mitsempha, Matenda a Ubongo, Zizindikiro za Parkinson, Matenda Oyenda, Mavuto a Mitsempha Yodziyimira Payokha