Ese umwana wawe ntaruhuka? Ese yiruka, agasimbuka, kandi akagira ikibazo cyo kwibanda ku gikorwa runaka? Cyangwa ahora atekereza cyane ku bintu agakora ibintu bimwe kenshi? Hari igihe, nk'ababyeyi, dufata iyi myitwarire nk'imyitwarire mibi cyangwa ingeso mbi gusa. Ariko si ko bigenda buri gihe. Hashobora kuba hari ikibazo cy'uburwayi inyuma y'ibi, nka ADHD cyangwa OCD. Kubera ko ibyo byombi bikunze guhurirana, tuzabivugaho uyu munsi.
ADHD na OCD ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ibi byombi ni indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikurire n'imikorere y'ubwonko bw'abana.
ADHD (Indwara yo kudakora neza mu mutwe)
Iki ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu bana. Kigaragara cyane ku bahungu. Umwana urwaye ADHD agira ingorane zo kwita ku bintu, kwicara atuje no kugenzura imyitwarire ye (kwifata). Akenshi kimenyekana mu bwana, kandi rimwe na rimwe iki kibazo kigakomeza kugeza akuze.
Nubwo abana benshi bato ari abanyabinyoma, iyi myitwarire irushaho kuba mibi kandi ikomeza ku bana bafite ADHD . Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kazi ko ku ishuri, mu mikino no mu mirimo yo mu rugo.
OCD (Indwara yo Kwiheba no Kwishyira mu Bitekerezo)
Iki ni igihe umwana agira ibitekerezo cyangwa ubwoba budasubirwaho, bugaruka kenshi (ibyo tubyita obsessions). Kugira ngo agabanye igitutu giterwa n'ibyo bitekerezo, akomeza gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe (ibyo tubyita compulsories).
Tekereza umwana ufite ubwoba bwinshi bw'udukoko. Kubera ubwo bwoba (gutekereza cyane), akaraba intoki kenshi (guhatirwa). Muri ubwo buryo, yishyiriraho amategeko ye bwite, imihango, n'ibindi. Iyo umubwiye kutabikora, imihangayiko yo mu mutwe we ishobora kwiyongera cyane.
Kuki ibi bintu bibiri bisa kimwe?
Impamvu nyamukuru ituma ibi bintu bibiri bivangavanga ni uko bisa.
Imikorere y'ubwonko n'uturemangingo
ADHD na OCD byombi bigira ingaruka ku gice cyo hejuru cy'ubwonko bwacu, igice kiri inyuma y'agahanga. Iki ni cyo gice gifasha umwana gutegura, gutegura, kwibanda ku bintu, gufata ibyemezo, no kugenzura amarangamutima adahubutse.
Kandi izi ndwara zombi zishobora kwanduzwa mu buryo bw’uturemangingo, bivuze ko zishobora kwanduzwa mu bisekuruza bitandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umuntu mukuru ufite ADHD afite amahirwe menshi yo kuyanduza umwana we. Ni nako bimeze kuri OCD.
Ibintu bisanzwe kuri byombi
Muri ibi bibazo byombi, hari ibintu byinshi bikunze kugaragara bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umwana bwa buri munsi.
| Ikintu gisanzwe | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ibibazo byo kwita ku bintu no kwibanda ku byo umuntu atekereza | Kutagira icyo witayeho ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kiranga ADHD. Muri OCD, ibitekerezo n'ibikorwa bidakenewe bifata umwanya n'ingufu kugira ngo byibande ku bintu nk'akazi ko ku ishuri. |
| Ibibazo mu mibanire n'abandi | Umwana urwaye ADHD ashobora kugorwa no kugira inshuti no gukomeza umubano bitewe no kwibagirwa, guhubuka no kudatuza. Muri OCD, imyitwarire n'ingeso ze zidahinduka bishobora kubangamira umuryango n'inshuti. |
| Ibibazo byo gusinzira | Abana bafite indwara zombi bakunze kugira ikibazo cyo gusinzira. Abana bafite ADHD bakunze kugira ikibazo cyo gusinzira cyane bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo gusinzira no kuguma basinzira nijoro. Muri OCD, stress ishobora no gutera ibibazo byo gusinzira. |
None se itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y’ibyo byombi ni irihe?
Nubwo bisa, ibi bintu byombi biratandukanye cyane. Mu by'ukuri, ndetse bitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye.
ADHD ni "indwara igaragara inyuma y'umubiri." Ibi bivuze ko umwana agaragaza ibyiyumvo bye binyuze mu myitwarire nko kudatuza no guhubuka.
OCD ni "indwara itera imbere mu mutima." Ibi bivuze ko umwana agumana amarangamutima ye n'ubwoba bwe imbere kandi akababara mu mutwe.
Reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza izi mpinduka.
| Itandukaniro | Ku bijyanye na ADHD | Ku bijyanye na OCD |
|---|---|---|
| Itandukaniro ry'ubwonko | Ubushobozi bwo gukura bw'agace k'imbere k'ubwonko butinda imyaka myinshi. Imikorere yabwo iragabanuka . | Hari gutinda k'itumanaho hagati y'agace k'imbere k'ubwonko n'ibindi bice. Bitera gukora cyane . |
| Imyitwarire | Kutagira amakenga, gukora ibintu udatekereje ku ngaruka, gufata ibyago, no kudatuza. | Ubwoba, gushidikanya, ibitekerezo bidakenewe, kwitonda cyane, kwirinda gufata ibyago. |
| Ibiranga by'ingenzi |
Kubera ko indwara zombi zigorana kwita ku ngingo, OCD rimwe na rimwe ishobora gufatwa nk'indwara ya ADHD. Kubwibyo, iyo muganga asuzumye OCD, areba by'umwihariko niba umwana akurikiza imyitwarire n'ingeso zidahinduka.
Ese umwana ashobora kugira ibi bibazo byombi icyarimwe?
Yego, birashoboka. Mu by’ukuri, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hafi umwana umwe kuri batanu barwaye OCD na we afite ADHD. Uko umwana agenda akura, ibimenyetso bya ADHD bishobora kugabanuka kandi ibimenyetso bya OCD bikarushaho kugaragara.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?
Inkuru nziza ni uko hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara zombi. Iyo umwana afite izo ndwara zombi, muganga ashobora guhuza ubu buryo bwo kuvura kugira ngo akore gahunda yo kuvura.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire: Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire bwo mu mutwe (CBT) ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa muri ibi. Ubu buvuzi bufasha kunoza imyitwarire y'umwana, kwifata, no kwigirira icyizere muri ADHD, no kugabanya ubwoba n'ibitekerezo bitari ngombwa kuri OCD.
- Imiti: Iyo bibaye ngombwa, muganga ashobora kukwandikira imiti.
- Kuri ADHD: Imiti itera imbaraga (urugero: methylphenidate) itera imbaraga igice cyo imbere cy'ubwonko kandi ikanoza uburyo bwo kwita ku bintu.
- Kuri OCD: Ubwoko bw'imiti yitwa Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) igenzura ibimenyetso binyuze mu kongera urugero rwa serotonin mu bwonko.
- Icy'ingenzi cyane: Iyo ari yo yose muri iyi miti igomba gukoreshwa gusa mu gihe muganga wawe yabigusabye kandi akagukurikirana.
- Izindi nkunga:
- Ubujyanama ku babyeyi: Kwigisha ababyeyi uburyo bwo kuganira n'umwana wabo.
- Inkunga y'ishuri: Bimenyesha abarimu n'abakozi b'ishuri kandi ubashe kubashyigikira.
- Ubuvuzi bw'umuryango: Gushyira umuryango wose mu bikorwa.
Niba wumva ko umuti runaka utagufasha, vugana na muganga wawe. Azashobora kuguha ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bukubereye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- ADHD na OCD ni indwara ebyiri zijyanye n'imikorere y'ubwonko, si imyitwarire mibi cyangwa ingeso mbi gusa.
- Nubwo byombi bisa, impamvu zibitera n'imiterere y'imyitwarire biratandukanye. ADHD irangwa no guhubuka no guhubuka, mu gihe OCD irangwa n'ibitekerezo bidakenewe n'imyitwarire isubiramo.
- Niba ufite impungenge ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe, ntuzirengagize, ahubwo gisha inama muganga w'abana cyangwa umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe kugira ngo akugire inama.
- Iyo habayeho ubuvuzi bukwiye (ubuvuzi bw’imyitwarire n’imiti nibiba ngombwa), ibi bibazo byombi bishobora gukemurwa neza kandi umwana akabaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bushimishije.
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