Gufata umwana ku mwana: Ibintu by'ingenzi by'ubuvuzi ugomba kumenya | Nirogi Lanka

Ese uri gutekereza kurera umwana, cyangwa wenda urimo gushaka kumenya byinshi kuri iyo gahunda? Uko byagenda kose, ni inshingano nziza cyane kandi ikomeye. Ariko, hari igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubuvuzi muri uru rugendo gikwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Muri make, kurera umwana ni inzira y'imibanire, amarangamutima, n'amategeko yemerera umwana udashobora kurerwa n'ababyeyi be babyara kuba umwe mu bagize umuryango mushya, bikamuha urukundo n'umutekano akwiye.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kurera umwana. Urugero, hari "gutora umwana ku mugaragaro," aho uhura n'ababyeyi babyaye, na "gutora umwana ku ruhande," aho nta makuru atangwa. Ushobora kurera umwana umwe cyangwa itsinda ry'abavandimwe; mu by'ukuri, nta kurera umwana ku babiri basa. Muri Sri Lanka, ubusanzwe ukurikirana kurera umwana binyuze mu Ishami rishinzwe igeragezwa n'indezo ku bana cyangwa binyuze mu nkiko. Hari igihe umwana ashobora kurerwa n'umwe mu bagize umuryango mugari, uzwi nka "gutora umwana ku ruhande."

Niba uteganya kurera umwana, uzakorana bya hafi n'inzobere zitandukanye muri iki gikorwa, harimo:

• Abahagarariye mu by'amategeko (nk'abunganizi mu by'amategeko barera abana).
• Ibiro bishinzwe kwita ku bana cyangwa kurera abana (nk'Ishami rishinzwe gukurikirana abana muri Sri Lanka).
• Abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage.
• Abaganga b'abana.

Muri abo, abaganga b'abana ni abafatanyabikorwa b'ingenzi bafasha imiryango guhangana n'ibibazo by'ubuvuzi by'abana barerwa, bagakemura ibibazo by'ubuzima bwabo bw'umubiri, bw'imikurire n'ubw'amarangamutima.

Kuki ugomba kwita cyane ku buzima bw'abana barezwe?

Ushobora kwibaza uti: "Kuki abana barezwe bagomba kwibanda ku buvuzi?" Nubwo abana bose bashobora guhura n'ibibazo by'ubuzima, hari ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abana barezwe bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umubiri, imikurire, n'indwara zo mu mutwe ugereranije na bagenzi babo.

Nubwo izi ngaruka ari ukuri, urukundo, umutungo n'inkunga utanga bishobora guha umwana wawe imbaraga zo gutera imbere no gutera imbere, hatitawe ku bumenyi bwe bw'ubuvuzi.

Kuki ibyago byo kurwara ari byinshi kuri bamwe mu bana barerwa?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera. Tekereza ko bamwe mu bana bashobora kuba batarabonye ubuvuzi buhagije mu gihe cy'imikurire yabo—haba mu nda cyangwa mu myaka yabo ya mbere—nk'izi:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imbere yo kubyara n'inyuma yo kubyara.
• Indyo ikwiye.
• Ibikenewe mu buryo bw'umubiri cyangwa mu buryo bw'amarangamutima (gukangura iterambere).
• Kurinda uburozi cyangwa indwara zitera indwara (urugero, indwara zandura ) mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka.

Byongeye kandi, abana benshi bashobora kuba barahuye n'ihungabana mu bwana bwabo, rizwi nka Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) . Ibi ni ibintu bibabaza cyane bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umwana mu mutwe no mu mubiri igihe kirekire. Ingero za ACE zirimo:

• Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, ku marangamutima, cyangwa ku gitsina no kutitabwaho.
• Guhura n'ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo cyangwa iryo mu muryango.
• Kutagira aho baba, kwimuka kenshi, cyangwa ibidukikije byo mu rugo bidahamye.
• Abarera abana badahuza, bafite ababitaho benshi, cyangwa gutandukana kw'ababyeyi cyangwa gutandukana.
• Kubaho mu bihe by'ibiza.
• Urupfu rw'umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa umuntu wa hafi.
• Gutotezwa .

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibi bintu bibabaza mu gihe gito bishobora kugira ingaruka zirambye ku mikurire y'ubwonko, kandi stress idashira ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umubiri bw'igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo bishobora kubaho ku buzima ku bana barera abana bato

Reka turebe imbogamizi zitandukanye z'ubuzima aba bana bashobora guhura nazo.

Imiterere y'ubuzima bw'umubiri

Hagati ya 30% na 80% by'abana bari mu kigo cyita ku bana baba bafite nibura ikibazo kimwe cy'ubuzima bw'umubiri, aho abagera kuri 33% baba bafite ikibazo cy'ubuzima budakira. Ibibazo bisanzwe by'ubuzima bw'umubiri birimo:

• Gutinda gukura no kubura imirire .
• Asima .
• Umubyibuho ukabije .
• Ibibazo byo kutabona neza.
• Ubumuga bwo kutumva.
• Indwara z'imitsi .
• Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) .
• Indwara zidakira zikomeye.

Byongeye kandi, niba hari imirire mibi yigeze kubaho, umwana wawe ashobora kuba afite ikibazo cy’ubutare, kalisiyumu na vitamine D. Byagaragaye kandi ko hafi 20% by’abana bari mu kigo cyita ku bana bafite ibibazo bikomeye by’amenyo.

Ingorane z'amarangamutima

Gutandukanya umwana n'umuryango we wa mbere n'aho atuye birababaza cyane. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane ku bana bari mu kigo cyita ku bana bashobora kuba barahuye n'impinduka nyinshi mu barera abana n'aho baba. Uko umwana wawe agenda yinjira mu rugo rwawe, gusobanukirwa izi ngorane z'amarangamutima ni ingenzi.

Umwana wawe ashobora kugaragaza:

• Kwitandukanya n'abandi cyangwa kwigunga.
• Kurakara bitunguranye cyangwa gushyuha cyane mu buryo bw'amarangamutima.
• Imyitwarire y'ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa iy'ubugambanyi.
• Kurira gukomeye.
• Gusubira inyuma mu bumenyi bwari bwize mbere (urugero, kwigaburira cyangwa kwisukura).
• Gusinzira nabi.
• Gutakaza ubushake mu bikorwa byakundaga mbere.

Nubwo kumenyera bifata igihe, ibuka ko abana benshi baririra abahoze ari abarezi, inshuti zabo, ndetse n'iwabo basanzwe babana. Komeza umenye uburyo bwo gufasha umwana wawe muri iki gihe. Kwihangana ni ingenzi cyane. Ariko, niba izi ngorane z'amarangamutima zikomeye cyangwa zikomeje, ntutindiganye gushaka ubuyobozi ku muganga w'abana cyangwa umujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .

Indwara zo mu mutwe

Abana benshi bagiye mu bigo byita ku bana barererwa mu miryango yabo bagiye bahura n'ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mutwe, byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu mutwe, nko:

• Indwara zo guhangayika.
• Indwara zo kurya.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe, nko kwiheba no kurwara indwara yo kwiheba.
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y’ihungabana (PTSD).

Byongeye kandi, urubyiruko rwamaze igihe rurererwa mu miryango y’abakiri bato ruri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ugereranyije na bagenzi babo batari barigeze muri iyo gahunda.

Imiterere y'imyitwarire

Hafi 50% kugeza kuri 75% by'abana bari mu kigo cyita ku bana barererwa mu miryango bahura n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire cyangwa ubumenyi mu mibanire n'abandi, ibyo bikaba bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga. Indwara zikunze kugaragara cyane zirimo indwara yo kudakunda kugaragara (ODD) n'indwara yo kudakunda kugaragara mu miryango.

Ihungabana ryo mu bwana, ibintu bibi byamubayeho, n'ihungabana ry'uburozi ridashira bishobora kugaragara mu buryo bukurikira:

• Kugorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima.
• Imyitwarire y'ubugizi bwa nabi.
• Gukora cyane.
• Kutita ku bintu.
• Guhubuka.

Ibi bintu byongera cyane ibyago by'umwana byo kurwara indwara zikomeje mu myitwarire.

Imiterere y'iterambere

Hagati ya 46% na 60% by'abana bari mu kigo cyita ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka itandatu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Muri ubwo bumuga bushobora kuba bukubiyemo:

• Gutinda kuvuga.
• Gutinda gufunga neza imiyoboro y'imodoka (urugero, kugorwa no gufunga amashati cyangwa gufata ikaramu).
• Gutinda cyane kw'imitsi (urugero, ingorane zo kwiruka, gusimbuka, cyangwa gufata umupira).
• Ubumuga bwo kwiga cyangwa ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Kudahuza kw'imibanire n'amarangamutima.

Izi ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu gihe cy'imikurire y'umwana muto kandi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ye ya buri munsi, rimwe na rimwe zigakomeza mu buzima bwe bwose.

Gutinda mu mivugire no mu iterambere ry'ururimi ni ibintu bikunze kugaragara cyane, nko:

• Indwara yo gutunganya amajwi (APD): Kugorwa no gusobanura amajwi.
• Aphasia: Ingorane zo gukoresha cyangwa kumva ururimi.
• Kunanirwa kuvuga mu bwana: Kugorwa no gutegura imitsi ikoreshwa mu kuvuga bigira ingaruka ku mitsi ikenewe.
• Dysarthria: Kunanirwa kuvuga bitewe n'intege nke z'imitsi, bigatuma umuntu atabasha kuvuga neza.

Indwara yo kudahanga amaso/guhangayika cyane (ADHD) nayo ni indwara ikunze kugaragara mu bana barererwa mu miryango.

Ibitekerezo by'ubuvuzi ku bana barera abana mpuzamahanga

Niba urimo gushaka kurera abana ku rwego mpuzamahanga, menya ko abana bashobora guhura n'ibibazo byinshi by'ubuzima bw'umubiri n'ubutinda bw'imikurire. Indwara zandura n'ibura ry'imirire ni byo bibazo by'ingenzi bikunze kwitabwaho n'abaganga iyo umwana avutse. Abana hafi ya bose barera abana ku rwego mpuzamahanga bagira nibura ubutinda bw'imikurire rimwe, aho hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabonerwa ubutinda bw'imikurire ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Kubona inyandiko z'ubuvuzi mu bindi bihugu bishobora kugorana, kuko inyandiko zishobora kuba zituzuye cyangwa zitari zo. Kubera ko ibihugu byinshi bikurikiza gahunda zitandukanye zo gukingira, ni ngombwa gusuzuma izi nyandiko n'umuganga w'abana kugira ngo hamenyekane niba nta rukingo rwabuze. Niba uteganya kurera umwana ku rwego mpuzamahanga, gisha inama abahanga ku bijyanye n'ibikenewe mu buzima n'ingaruka zijyanye n'igihugu umwana akomokamo kugira ngo ubashe kwitegura neza.

Kuzirikana imibereho myiza y'umuryango

Mu gihe wakira umuntu mushya mu rugo rwawe, tekereza ku buzima n'imibereho myiza y'umuryango wawe usanzwe. Vugana n'inzobere mu kwita ku bana barera abana ku bijyanye n'uburyo wafasha umuryango wawe kumenyera neza. Baza ibimenyetso by'amahane cyangwa ishyari ry'abavandimwe kandi urebe neza ko uha umwanya buri mwana wawe.

Byongeye kandi, mu gihe urimo ukurikirana inzira yo kurera umwana, ushobora kugira umunaniro ukabije w’umurera —umunaniro ukabije w’umubiri, uw’amarangamutima n’uwo mu mutwe ubaho iyo uhaye imbaraga zawe ubuzima n’umutekano by’abandi. Kugira ngo ufashe umuryango wawe guhangana n’iyi mpinduka, tekereza kwinjira mu itsinda ry’abaterankunga cyangwa kuvugana n’umujyanama mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe . Ntugatinye kwishingikiriza ku bakunzi bawe wizeye kugira ngo bakufashe.

Ni iki wagakwiye kumenya ku buzima bw'umwana mbere yo kurera umwana?

Mbere yo—cyangwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo gufata umwana, gerageza gukusanya amakuru menshi ashoboka y’ubuvuzi. Ushobora gukenera guhuza na:

• Ikigo cyawe cyo kurera abana cyangwa ikigo cyita ku bana barera abana bato.
• Umwunganizi wawe mu mategeko urebana no kurera umwana.
• Ababyeyi cyangwa umuryango w'umwana (niba bishoboka).
• Sisitemu z'ibitaro n'abashinzwe ubuvuzi bw'umwana bahozeho cyangwa abasanzweho.
• Ishuri umwana yiga ubu cyangwa iryo yahozemo.

Amakuru y'ingenzi ugomba gushaka arimo:

• Imyitwarire, imitekerereze, imikurire, cyangwa imyitwarire isanzweho cyangwa isanzweho, harimo no kujya mu bitaro no kubagwa.
• Inyandiko z'ivuka, nk'imyaka yo gutwita, ibiro by'umwana, uburebure bwe, umuzenguruko w'umutwe we, n'ingorane iyo ari yo yose mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa kubyara.
• Imbonerahamwe y'imikurire (uburemere, uburebure, umuzenguruko w'umutwe).
• Inyandiko z'ibikorwa by'iterambere.
• Allergie izwi.
• Imiti ikoreshwa ubu.
• Inyandiko z'inkingo.
• Guhura n'indwara zandura.
• Inyandiko z'amaso n'iz'amenyo.
• Amateka y'imirire mibi cyangwa ibibazo byo kugaburira.
• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubuvuzi (urugero, ibizamini byo gufata amashusho, ibizamini by'amaraso).
• Raporo zijyanye n'amateka y'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, ku gitsina, cyangwa ku marangamutima, cyangwa kwitabwaho.
• Amateka y'ishuri n'imitsindire y'amasomo.
• Amateka y'imibanire, harimo n'imibanire ikomeye ikomeje kubaho cyangwa gutakaza imikoranire y'ingenzi.
• Amateka y'ubuvuzi y'abavandimwe b'umwana.
• Imiterere y'umurage mu muryango w'abavuka.

Niba urimo kurera umwana muto cyangwa umwana muto, kubona amateka y'amavuko ye n'amakuru yerekeye gutwita ni ingirakamaro cyane, harimo:

• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge by'ababyeyi, nk'inzoga, itabi, marijuana, cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge.
• Gukoresha imiti yanditswe na muganga cyangwa itangwa na muganga mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• Kugaragara kwandura indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) cyangwa izindi ndwara zandura mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• Ingorane mu gihe cyo gutwita, kubyara, cyangwa kubyara.

Bitewe n'imimerere, ushobora kubona amakuru make gusa, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, make cyane. Buri gihe gerageza gushaka ibisubizo byinshi bishoboka.

Byaba byiza ugiye gushyikiriza uyu muganga w’abana amakuru mbere yuko umwana yinjira mu muryango wawe kugira ngo aguhe ubuyobozi bw’inzobere. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira uburyo umwana ashobora kwitabwaho kandi akakuyobora ku byo witeze. Bashobora kandi gutanga uburyo bwo kohereza abana ku bahanga cyangwa serivisi zo gufasha umuryango wawe kugira ngo byorohereze ihinduka ry’umuryango wawe. Niba udashobora kugisha inama umuganga mbere yo kurera umwana, teganya gahunda yo kubonana n’umuganga umwana akigera mu rugo.

Ni uruhe ruhare rw'abaganga b'abana mu gikorwa cyo kurera abana?

Abaganga b'abana bagira uruhare runini kandi rushyigikira mu gikorwa cyo kurera umwana. Bafatanya nawe mu kumenya ibyo umwana wawe akeneye mu buzima bwihariye, mu gihe batanga inkunga y'amarangamutima imiryango ikunda gukenera mu rugendo rwo kurera umwana.

Ubuvuzi bwo kwita ku bana barera abana bato no kubarera ni urwego rwihariye kandi rugenda rutera imbere mu buvuzi bw'abana. Ushobora gusaba umukozi wawe ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage cyangwa umuganga w'ibanze kohereza umwana kwa muganga w'abana ufite uburambe bwihariye mu buvuzi bujyanye no kwita ku bana barera abana bato.

Inshingano z'ingenzi z'umuganga w'abana zirimo:

• Gufasha mu gukusanya no gusobanura inyandiko z'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe n'amateka ye.
• Gutanga isuzuma ryuzuye ry’ubuvuzi, kwita ku mwana umeze neza, no gukurikirana umwana bikenewe.
• Gukomeza kwita ku mwana wawe mu buryo buhuje kandi bujyanye n'ibyo akeneye mu buzima bwe.
• Korohereza abantu kohereza amakuru ku baganga b'inzobere, nk'abaganga b'imitekerereze y'abana, abaganga b'indwara z'umutima n'abana, cyangwa abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi.
• Gusaba ubufasha bw'igihe kirekire bwo gufasha umwana wawe n'umuryango wawe.
• Gutanga ubuyobozi ku bibazo bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo kwakirwa n'umwana.
• Gutanga inama ku ngamba zo guteza imbere umubano ukomeye, ufite ubuzima bwiza kandi utekanye mu muryango wawe.
• Gufasha mu kwandika inyandiko za gahunda y’uburezi bwite (IEP) cyangwa gahunda ya 504 ku ishuri ry’umwana wawe, niba bikenewe.

Icyo wakwitega mu gihe umwana wawe aza kwa muganga bwa mbere

Iyo umwana wawe amaze kwinjira mu muryango wawe, ni byiza ko ahabwa isuzuma ryuzuye ry’ubuzima mu minsi 30. Iri suzuma rigufasha gutangira gukemura ibibazo by’ubuzima bizwi no kumenya ibibazo byose bitaramenyekana mbere. Izi ngendo za mbere zo gusuzuma zirambuye cyane kuruta isuzuma risanzwe ry’ubuzima bw’umwana.

Nyamuneka menyesha muganga w’abana bawe amateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana uko bishoboka kose. Bitewe n’imyaka y’umwana wawe n’ubuzima bwe muri rusange, muganga wawe ashobora gukora iri suzuma mu gihe kimwe cyangwa akakugira inama yo guhura na muganga inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo arangize isuzuma ryose.

Ubusanzwe izi suzuma rikubiyemo:

• Igenzura n'ibisobanuro by'indwara zisanzweho.
• Isuzuma ryimbitse ry'umubiri.
• Isuzumabumenyi ry'imitsi.
• Gupima abana bavutse hakurikijwe imyaka yabo, nko gusuzuma abana bavutse, kumva, kureba, amenyo, n'imyitwarire cyangwa iterambere ry'umwana.
• Gusuzuma ibibazo by'uburwayi bitari byagaragara mbere.
• Ibiganiro ku bibazo by'iterambere cyangwa imyitwarire.
• Isuzuma ry'uko umwana wawe ahagaze mu ikingira.
• Kohereza abandi baganga n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima uko bikenewe.

Isuzuma

Hashingiwe ku isuzuma ryabo rya mbere, umuganga w'abana ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima indwara. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo gupima amaraso, gupima inkari, cyangwa inyigo zo gufata amashusho. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ko amaraso apimwa kugira ngo arebe neza urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bw'umwana wawe cyangwa ngo arebe ko akurikiranye inkingo zikenewe.

Isuzuma ry'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe

Impuguke zisaba ko abana bari mu kigo cyita ku bana barererwa mu miryango yabo bagezwaho isuzuma ry’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu minsi 30 uhereye igihe bazaba bageze mu rugo. Byaba byiza ibi bikozwe n’inzobere mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’abana bahuguwe by’umwihariko mu kwita ku bibazo by’ihungabana.

Witegura ute kurerwa n'umwana wawe?

Uburyo bwo kurera umwana busaba kwitegura cyane n'intambwe nyinshi. Mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kurera umwana, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ukuri ko kuzana umwana mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane ibijyanye n'ubuzima n'imibereho myiza bikubiye muri ibyo.

Tekereza kwibaza ibi bibazo by'ingenzi:

• Ni izihe mpamvu zigutera kurera abana? Ese koko witeguye uyu mugambi w'ubuzima bwawe bwose?
• Ese ushobora guha umwana ibidukikije birangwa n'urukundo, uburere, kandi bihamye?
• Ese ufite uburenganzira bwo kubona serivisi zikenewe zo gufasha no kwita ku buzima?
• Ese witeguye gukora ubuvugizi ku buzima n'imibereho myiza y'umwana wawe mu nzego zitandukanye, nko mu mashuri cyangwa mu nzego z'ubuvuzi?
• Ese wowe n'umuryango wawe mwiteguye kumenya ibyo umwana wanyu akeneye mu buryo bwihariye ku mubiri, mu mutwe no mu mikurire?
• Ese ufite uburyo bukomeye bwo gushyigikira inshuti n'umuryango ushobora kwiringira?

Kimwe n'ibindi byose mu buzima, ntushobora guhanura ahazaza cyangwa ngo umenye neza uko ubuzima buzagenda hamwe n'umwe mu bagize umuryango mushya. Ariko, iyo ukomeje kwitega ibintu bifatika kandi ukitegura neza uko bishoboka kose, ushobora gucunga neza iherezo ryawe no kubaka ibidukikije bitekanye kandi bishyigikira umuryango wawe.

Gufata umwana nk'umwana ni urugendo rurerure, rw'umuntu ku giti cye, kandi rurangwa n'amarangamutima menshi kuri buri wese ubigizemo uruhare. Igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyi gahunda ni ukwemera no kwitegura ibyo umuntu mushya mu muryango wawe akeneye mu buzima. Wibuke ko muganga w'abana w'umwana wawe ari inkingi y'itsinda ryawe rishinzwe gufasha umwana kurera, kandi barahari kugira ngo bagufashe gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bushoboka ku mwana wawe—ndetse no kuri wowe ubwawe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

Guha umwana uburenganzira bwo kurera ni inshingano nziza kandi ikomeye. Gushyira imbere ubuzima bw'umwana wawe ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi muri ubu buryo.

• Komeza umenye amakuru: Menya ibijyanye n'ibibazo byihariye by'ubuzima, ubwonko, imyitwarire, n'imikurire bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bana barera abana.
• Kusanya amakuru: Kusanya amakuru menshi ashoboka yerekeye amateka y'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe n'umuryango we.
• Koresha ubufasha bw'abaganga b'abana: Huza umubano n'umuganga w'abana w'inararibonye kuva mu ntangiriro; azaba umwe mu bajyanama bawe bakomeye.
• Ukwihangana n'urukundo: Ha umwana wawe umwanya wo kumenyera ibidukikije bishya n'umuryango we. Bayobore mu kwihangana, urukundo, no gusobanukirwa.
• Witeho: Ubuzima bwawe bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi muri uru rugendo. Shaka ubufasha igihe cyose ubukeneye.

Wibuke ko urukundo, ubwitonzi, n'inkunga utanga ari byo shingiro ry'ejo hazaza h'umwana wawe no gukira kwe byubakwaho.

Nirogi Lanka: kurera abana, ubuzima bw'umwana, amakuru y'ubuvuzi, kwita ku bana, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibibazo by'iterambere