Ubuswa bw'Abalubino ni iki? Kuki uruhu n'umusatsi bihinduka ibara? - Nirogi Lanka

Ese wigeze ubona abantu bafite uruhu n'umusatsi byera cyane cyangwa umweru, rimwe na rimwe bafite amaso y'ubururu bwerurutse cyangwa umukara? Abantu bakunze kubita amazina atandukanye, ariko mu buvuzi, iyi ndwara izwi nka Albino . Benshi bibeshya ko ari indwara, ariko mu by'ukuri, si indwara, cyangwa ngo ikwirakwizwe. Ese twakwiga byinshi ku cyo ibi bivuze mu by'ukuri?

Ubuswa bw'Albino ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, Albino ni indwara iterwa no kugabanuka cyangwa kubura burundu ibara ryitwa melanin ( melanin ).

Tekereza melanin nk'"wino" isanzwe y'umubiri wawe. Iyi rangi itanga ibara ku ruhu rwawe, umusatsi n'amaso . Abantu bafite melanin nyinshi bagira imiterere yijimye, mu gihe abafite imiterere mike bafite imiterere yoroheje. Ku bantu bafite Albino, umusaruro wa melanin uba muke cyane, niyo mpamvu uruhu rwabo n'umusatsi wabo bisa n'aho ari ibibara by'umweru.

Uretse gutanga ibara, melanin igira uruhare runini mu mikurire myiza y'imitsi y'amaso mu maso yawe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu benshi bafite Albino bagira ubumuga bwo kutabona.

Ese ni byiza kwita umuntu 'albino'?

Ushobora kuba warumvise abantu bafite iyi ndwara bitwa "albino." Ariko, nk'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi, twe n'abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara dukunda ijambo "umuntu ufite albino." Ibi biterwa nuko bitajya byubahirizwa gusobanura umuntu bitewe n'uburwayi bwe gusa. Nk'uko tuvuga umuntu urwaye diyabete ko ari "umuntu urwaye diyabete" aho kuba izina rye, ubu buryo bwerekana icyubahiro kuri uwo muntu.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuswa bw'aba-Albino?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze bwa Albino. Byongeye kandi, ibintu biranga Albino bishobora kugaragara nk'igice cy'indwara zidasanzwe za genetiki. Reka tubirebe ukwabyo.

Ubuswa bw'ubuswa bufitanye isano n'izindi ndwara

Mu bihe bike cyane, Albino ishobora kuba kimwe mu bintu bitera indwara zikomeye zo mu maraso, bivuze ko izindi ngingo z'umubiri zishobora no kugira ingaruka:

• Indwara ya Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS): Uretse indwara ya albino, ibi bishobora kubamo ibibazo byo kuvura amaraso, cyangwa indwara z'ibihaha, impyiko, cyangwa amara .
• Indwara ya Chediak-Higashi (CHS): Iyi ndwara iterwa no kuba umuntu afite albino hamwe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakora neza, ibyo bigatuma habaho ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zisubira .

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ingenzi?

Ubuswa bw'ubuswa bw'uruhu (albino) bugira ingaruka cyane cyane ku miterere y'uruhu rwawe, umusatsi, n'amaso, ndetse n'uburyo ubona.

Uruhu

Uruhu rw'umuntu ufite Albino ubusanzwe rurakeye cyane, nubwo ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bwihariye n'ingano ya melanin ikorwa.

• OCA Ubwoko bwa 1: Uruhu rurakeye cyane, akenshi umweru.
• OCA Ubwoko bwa 2 na 4: Uruhu rushobora kugaragara nk'umweru w'umukara.
• OCA Ubwoko bwa 3: Uruhu rushobora gufata ibara ry'umutuku n'umukara.

Umusatsi

Ibara ry'umusatsi riratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa Albino. Hari abantu bashobora kugira umusatsi wera rwose, abandi bashobora kugira umuhondo woroshye, umuhondo w'umukara, umukara woroshye, cyangwa umutuku, byose bitewe n'ingano ya melanin ikorwa.

Amaso

Ibara ry'amaso rishobora kuva ku bururu bwerurutse kugeza ku mukara werurutse. Ariko, Albino igira ingaruka ku birenze ibara gusa; igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kureba:

• Kubona nabi: Kugorwa no kubona ibintu neza.
• Amakosa yo Kureba kure ( Amakosa yo Kureba kure ): Indwara nko kureba hafi cyangwa kureba kure bisaba indorerwamo zo gukosora.
• Strabismus (amaso afatanye): Kugorwa no guhuza amaso yombi icyarimwe.
• Nystagmus: Ijisho rikora vuba kandi ritabishaka.
• Phobia: Guterwa ubwoba cyane n'izuba cyangwa amatara yaka cyane.
• Kugabanuka k'ubujyakuzimu: Kugorwa no gupima neza intera iri hagati y'ibintu.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Ese ni umurage?

Yego, Albino ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo gusa , bivuze ko iragwa n'ababyeyi ku bana babo.

Imibiri yacu ifite utunyangingo twinshi dufasha mu gukora melanin. Impinduka cyangwa impinduka muri utu tunyangingo ni byo bibangamira ikorwa risanzwe rya melanin.

• Uburwayi bw'uruhu rwo mu maso (OCA) bukwirakwizwa binyuze mu buryo bwa 'autosomal recessive' . Mu magambo make, kugira ngo umwana agire iyi ndwara, agomba kuragwa gene ijyanye nayo iturutse ku babyeyi bombi . Iyo umwana azunguye gene iturutse ku mubyeyi umwe gusa, nta bimenyetso azagaragaza; icyakora, aba "uyifite." Mu gihe kizaza, niba abyaye umwana ufite undi muntu uyifite, hari amahirwe 25% ko umwana we azaba afite albinism.

• Ubusanzwe, indwara y'ubwonko (OA) ikwirakwira mu bwoko bwa 'X-linked'imiterere. Kubera ko ibi bireba chromosome ya X, iyi ndwara yibasira cyane abagabo.

Bimenyekana kandi bigacungwa bite?

Isuzuma

Muganga wawe asanzwe amenya iyi ndwara binyuze muri:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Ibara ryoroheje ry'uruhu, umusatsi n'amaso rikunze kugaragara igihe umuntu avutse cyangwa nyuma gato y'aho.
• Isuzuma ry’amaso rirambuye: Gusuzuma imiterere y’amaso runaka (nk’indwara ya nystagmus cyangwa strabismus).
• Gupima ADN: Hari ubwo hashobora gukorwa ibizamini bya ADN kugira ngo hemezwe ubwoko bwihariye bw'ubuswa bw'umuntu.

Ubuvuzi n'Imicungire

Kubera ko iyi ari indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo, nta muti uhari wo kongera umusaruro wa melanin mu mubiri. Ariko, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi busanzwe uhangana neza n’ibibazo bijyana nayo.

Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'ingenzi.

1. Kwita ku ruhu (Ni ngombwa cyane!)

• Kwirinda izuba: Irinde izuba ryinshi rishoboka, cyane cyane hagati ya saa kumi n'imwe za mu gitondo na saa cyenda z'umugoroba.
• Indabyo zo kwisiga ku zuba: Buri munsi, igihe cyose ugiye hanze, siga amavuta yo kwisiga afite uburinzi bwa SPF 30 cyangwa irenga akingira imirasire ya UVA na UVB. Baza muganga wawe inama zihariye.
• Imyenda yo Kwirinda: Igire akamenyero ko kwambara imyenda y'amaboko maremare, ingofero, n'indorerwamo z'izuba zifite uburinzi bwa UV.
• Gusuzuma uruhu buri gihe: Gukurikirana uruhu rwawe kenshi kugira ngo urebe ko hari uduheri dushya, uduheri, cyangwa impinduka mu ibara, ingano, cyangwa imiterere y'uruhu rwawe. Nubona impinduka, jya kwa muganga ako kanya.

2. Kwita ku maso

• Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe: Ni ngombwa ko umuntu wese ufite albino ajya kwa muganga w'amaso buri gihe.
• Amarangi yo Gukosora: Ambara indorerwamo cyangwa amabara y'urumuri akwiye kugira ngo ukosore amakosa yo gukosora.
• Ibyuma Bifasha Kubona: Koresha ibikoresho nk'amabara yo gukuza kugira ngo bifashe mu kubona neza.
• Kubagwa: Hari ubwo kubagwa bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo ijisho ribe rihagaze neza (strabismus).

Niba umwana wawe afite albino…

Ni ibisanzwe ko ababyeyi bumva bahangayikishijwe cyangwa bahangayikishijwe no kumenya ko umwana wabo afite albino. Ariko, hamwe n'ubufasha n'ubumenyi bikwiye, ushobora guha umwana wawe ubuzima bwiza.

• Menyesha Ishuri: Ganira n'abarimu babo ku kibazo cy'umwana wawe, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'ubumuga bwo kutabona. Saba amacumbi nko kwicara imbere cyangwa ibitabo binini.
• Huza icyizere: Kubera ko umwana wawe ashobora kuba asa n'undi, ashobora guhura n'ibibazo byo gushinyagurirwa cyangwa gutotezwa. Vugana na we mu buryo bweruye kuva akiri muto kandi ushyireho ahantu hatekanye aho yumva amerewe neza akakubwira uko yumva ameze.
• Gukoresha neza sunscreen: Gukoresha sunscreen mu buryo busanzwe ni akamenyero k'umuryango kugira ngo umwana wawe adafatwa nk'umuntu udasanzwe.
• Gukurikirana buri gihe: Menya neza ko umwana wawe akurikiza gahunda zose zagenwe zo ku ruhu no mu maso.

Kubana n'ubuswa bw'aba albino bishobora guteza ibibazo, ariko ibuka ko bitabangamira ubwenge bw'umuntu, ubushobozi bwe, cyangwa ubushobozi bwe bwo gutsinda. Iyo umwana ayobowe neza kandi agaterwa inkunga, ashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije nk'abandi bose.

Albinism, Melanine, Indwara z'uruhu, Kureba neza, Indwara z'uturemangingo, Gukingira izuba, Kanseri y'uruhu