Ese rimwe na rimwe birakugora kubana neza n'abandi? Cyangwa ukunda gukora ibintu bimwe no gukora ibintu bimwe? Kuva mu bwana, abandi bakubona nk' "utandukanye gato" cyangwa "ugoye"? Ushobora kuba uhanganye n'ibi bintu nawe ubwawe. Ariko se wigeze utekereza ko impamvu y'ibi byose ishobora kuba ikintu utigeze utekerezaho, ari cyo Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Mu by'ukuri indwara ya autisme ni iki?
Ubwa mbere, reka tubisobanukirwe. Indwara ya autisme si indwara cyangwa ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Mu magambo make, ni uburyo butandukanye imitsi yo mu bwonko bwacu ikuramo. Ni nk'aho bamwe ari barebare, abandi ari bagufi, abandi bandika n'ukuboko kw'iburyo, abandi bandika n'ibumoso. Byitwa "spectrum" kuko uburyo iyi ndwara igira ingaruka kuri buri muntu butandukanye cyane. Nubwo bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane, abandi bashobora kugorwa no gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.
Indwara ya Autism yibasira cyane cyane ibice bibiri:
1. Itumanaho n'imibanire: Ingorane zishobora kuvuka mu bintu nko gusobanukirwa amarangamutima y'abandi, isura, icyo amagambo asobanura, kurebana mu maso, no gutangiza no gukomeza ubucuti.
2. Imyitwarire idafite aho ihuriye n'iy'isubiramo: Ibimenyetso birimo gusubiramo ibintu bimwe kenshi, gushishikazwa n'ibikorwa bimwe, gushishikazwa cyane n'ikintu runaka (urugero: gari ya moshi, dinosaure, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga), no kugira ibyiyumvo byinshi cyangwa ibyiyumvo nk'urumuri, amajwi, n'ibyo ukoraho.
None se kuki ntabifashe nkiri muto?
Iki kibazo ni ikibazo cyumvikana cyane. Muri iki gihe, abaganga bakita kuri ibi mu gihe cyo gusuzuma abana bato, bafite amezi 18 cyangwa 24. Kubwibyo, indwara ya autisme ikunze kugaragara hagati y’imyaka 2-4.
Ariko ibintu byari bitandukanye cyane mu myaka 20-30 ishize.
- Kutamenya: Muri icyo gihe, nta bumenyi bwari buhagije muri sosiyete ku bijyanye n'indwara ya autism. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko ibibazo by'umwana mu mibanire byafatwaga nk' "isoni", "monotony" nk' "uburangare", naho ubumuga bwo kwiga nk' "ubupfapfa."
- Isuzuma ritari ryo: Hari igihe ibimenyetso bya autisme byitiranywa n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, nko kudakora neza mu mutwe (ADHD) cyangwa indwara yo kwiheba mu mutwe (OCD).
- Gupfuka : Umuntu, cyane cyane umuntu ufite ubwenge bwiza n'ubumenyi bwo kwiga neza, ashobora kugerageza guhisha ko adasa neza n'abandi no kwigana abandi kugira ngo bitware "nk'uko bisanzwe." Ibi byitwa "gupfuka". Ibi bivuze ko nubwo yaba afite imihangayiko myinshi imbere, ntabwo igaragara inyuma.
Iyo uba ucecetse cyane, ukigira wenyine, cyangwa ukibanda ku bitabo gusa ukiri umwana, abantu bakuru bashobora kuba barakumbuye ingorane zawe zo mu mutima.
Impamvu zo gukeka ko ufite autisme ukuze
Akenshi, umuntu mukuru atangira gukora ubushakashatsi kuri ibi akoresheje ikibazo runaka. Wenda iyo umwana wawe asanzwe afite autisme, ushobora kwibwira uti "Oh, ni njyewe." Cyangwa iyo ugiye kwa muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe kubera ikindi kibazo, ashobora kumenya ibyo bimenyetso.
Reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo. Ese nawe urabyumva?
| Ese ubyumva utyo? (Ubunararibonye bwawe) | Uburyo autisme igira ingaruka kuri yo (impamvu ishoboka) |
|---|---|
| Ibirori byo gusabana nk'ibirori byo mu biro n'ubukwe birananiza cyane. Uzaba unaniwe iminsi myinshi nyuma yo kugaruka. | Bisaba imbaraga nyinshi z'ubwonko kugira ngo wumve ibimenyetso by'abandi, imivugire yabo, kandi utekereze icyo wavuga. Ibi birananiza cyane mu mutwe. |
| Nkunda gufata inzira imwe njya ku kazi, kurya mu iduka rimwe, no gutegura umunsi wanjye muri ubwo buryo. Iyo habayeho impinduka zitunguranye, numva mfite impungenge cyane kandi mfite stress. | Gahunda zitanga umutekano n'ituze. Impinduka zitunguranye zishobora gutuma isi yumva ko nta bushobozi ifite bwo kuyiyobora. |
| Uko waba uvuga ku ngingo runaka kose (urugero: amateka, porogaramu za mudasobwa, igikoresho cya muzika), uracyayishishikajwe nubwo abandi bashobora gutekereza ko "irambiranye." | Ibi byitwa "Inyungu Zidasanzwe." Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bafite ubushobozi bwo kwibanda cyane ku ngingo runaka. |
| Amatara yaka cyane, umuziki mwinshi, n'abantu bavuga muri supermarket ni nk'umutwe. Sinshobora kwihanganira kumva amakaramu ku myenda yanjye anyisiga ku mubiri. | Ibi byitwa umutwaro mwinshi w’ibyumviro. Iyo ubwonko budashobora gutunganya neza ibyumviro (ibyo umuntu abona, amajwi, gukoraho) byinjiramo, ubwonko buragwa mu rujijo. |
None se, ni gute wakwisuzumisha indwara?
Gusuzuma indwara ya autisme ku muntu mukuru biragoye cyane kuruta gusuzuma umwana muto, kuko wamaze kwiga uburyo butandukanye bwo guhangana n'ibibazo byawe no kubihisha.
Ibintu byo gukora
1. Kubonana na muganga: Ikintu cya mbere kandi cy'ingenzi ni ukuganira na muganga w'umuryango wawe (GP). Arashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu wihariye muri urwo rwego.
2. Ibizamini byo kwisuzuma kuri interineti: Hari ibibazo byo kwisuzuma kuri interineti byagenewe abantu bakuru. Ushobora kubigerageza ubwawe. Ariko ibuka ko ibi byonyine bitashobora kuba uburyo 100% bwo kumenya niba ufite autism. Ariko, ni ahantu heza ho gutangira. Ibisubizo by'ibi bibazo bishobora kugufasha kuvugana na muganga wawe.
3. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma: Iyo muganga akusuzumye,
- Bareba imyitwarire yawe n'uburyo uvuga.
- Bababaza ibibazo byinshi ku buzima bwawe bwa none, akazi kawe, n'imibanire yawe.
- Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni ubwana bwawe. Bakubaza ibintu nko kuba wari umeze ukiri muto, igihe watangiye kuvuga, uko wakinaga, ndetse no kumenya niba wari ufite inshuti.
- Niba ufite ababyeyi, abavandimwe bawe, cyangwa undi muntu wese wakumenye kuva mu bwana bwawe, muganga ashobora gushaka kuganira na bo, kuko bashobora kwibuka ibintu utazi.
Uru rugendo rushobora kuba rudashoboka, ariko kumenya ukuri bizatuza cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya autisite si ikintu kigira ingaruka ku bana gusa. Ishobora no kumenyekana umuntu mukuru. Niba ubyumva utyo, ntabwo uri wenyine.
- Kutabona neza uko umeze mu bandi, kutagira icyo ukora, n'ibibazo by'amarangamutima si byo "bigutera ikosa." Bishobora kuba ubundi buryo ubwonko bwawe bukora.
- Intambwe ya mbere yo kwisuzumisha ni ukuganira na muganga wawe. Ntukishingikirize gusa ku bipimo byo kuri interineti.
- Gusuzuma indwara ya autisme si "ikimenyetso" gifatwa nk'aho ari cyo gikwiye kwitabwaho. Ni ingenzi mu kwisobanukirwa, kumenya imbaraga zawe no kumenya guhangana n'ibibazo byawe.
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