Indwara y'inka y'abasazi na vCJD: Ese koko twagombye gutinya?

Ese wigeze wumva izina ' Indwara y'inka y'abasazi ' maze ukagira ubwoba? Iyo wumvise iryo zina, rigutera kumva umeze nk'uri muri filime iteye ubwoba, si byo se? Abantu benshi batinya bitari ngombwa kuko batabizi cyane. Ariko uyu munsi, reka tuvuge gusa icyo ari cyo mu by'ukuri, uko bigira ingaruka ku bantu, ndetse niba koko twagombye kuritinya.

Mbere na mbere, 'indwara y'inka y'ibisazi' ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara y’inka zirwaye ibisazi ni indwara ifata imitsi y’inka. Izina ryayo mu buvuzi ni Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Ntabwo iterwa na bagiteri cyangwa virusi. Iterwa na poroteyine idasanzwe yitwa prion.

Tekereza, nta mpamvu, poroteyine isanzwe iboneka mu mubiri wacu ihita yiziba 'mbi', igafata imiterere itari yo, igatangira kwitwara nabi. Iyi poroteyine idahuye neza (prion) ishobora no guhindura izindi poroteyine nziza mo poroteyine mbi nka yo. Buhoro buhoro, iyi poroteyine mbi irakusanya mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo, ikangiza imitsi. Iyo inka zirwaye iyi ndwara, ntizishobora guhagarara cyangwa kugenda neza, kandi zishobora gucika intege no kuba inzika. Ariko, bifata imyaka 4-6 kugira ngo inka igaragaze ibi bimenyetso nyuma yo kwandura.

Iyi ndwara yakwirakwiriye cyane mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya za 80 na 90, ubwo inka nzima zabagaburirwaga ibiryo by’amatungo byakozwe mu nyama n’amagufwa y’inyamaswa zanduye. Ariko, bitewe n’amabwiriza akaze n’ingamba zo kwirinda indwara zashyizweho mu bihugu byinshi ku isi, ubu umubare w’inka zirwara iyi ndwara uri hasi cyane.

None se ibi bigira ingaruka zite ku bantu?

Yego, iyi ndwara ishobora no kwanduza abantu. Ariko rero ntabwo yitwa 'indwara y'inka ishaje'. Iyi ndwara ku bantu yitwa Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) .

Ariko hari ikintu cy'ingenzi utagomba kwitiranya hano. Hari indi ndwara yitwa CJD . Yitwa Classic CJD (Sporadic CJD). Ibyo n'iyi vCJD ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye.

• CJD ya kera: Ibi ntibiterwa no kurya inyama z'inka. Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane ishobora kubaho mu buryo busanzwe, nta mpamvu izwi, aho ari ho hose ku isi, ku muntu wese urya inyama z'inka cyangwa utazirya. Akenshi yibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 65.
• Ihinduka rya CJD (vCJD): Ibi bifitanye isano no kurya inyama z'inka zanduye BSE. Bishobora kwibasira abantu b'imyaka iyo ari yo yose.

Mu bihugu nka Sri Lanka, ibyago byo kurwara vCJD bivuye mu kurya inyama z'inka biri hafi cyane ya zeru . Ibi biterwa nuko hari igenzura rikomeye ry’ubuziranenge mu kwinjiza inka n'inyama mu bihugu byacu kandi nta raporo z’uko inka za BSE zagaragaye mu gihugu cyacu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya vCJD?

Iyi ndwara iragoye kuyisuzuma kuko ibimenyetso byayo bya mbere bisa n'ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi bigaragara.

Uko indwara ikomeza kugera ku ntambwe ya nyuma, umurwayi arahungabana kandi ntamenye igihe n'aho aherereye. Ikibabaje ni uko urupfu rukunze kubaho mu mezi 13 nyuma yo kwandura vCJD.

Iyi ndwara ipimwa ikanavurwa ite?

Biragoye kuvuga nta gushidikanya 100% ko umuntu afite vCJD akiri muzima. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza ni ugukorerwa biopsy yo mu bwonko nyuma yo gupfa.

Ariko, niba umuntu akekwaho kuba afite iyi ndwara, abaganga bazakora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo barebe ko hari izindi ndwara.

• Gupima ubwonko hakoreshejwe MRI
• Ibizamini bya EEG bigenzura imikorere y'ubwonko
• Gupfumura mu Kibuno
• Gupima amaraso
• Ibipimo by'uturemangingo

Hari uburyo bwo kuvura?

Muri iki gihe, icyo gikorwa cyonyine ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso no gutanga ihumure ku murwayi. Urugero, imiti itangwa ku bubabare, kubabara mu mutwe no kubura ibitotsi.

Ni gute twakwirinda ibi?

Umuti mwiza kuri ibi ni ukurinda inka kwandura BSE. Ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi byafashe ingamba zikaze zo kubikora.

• Gupima inka kugira ngo zimenyekane niba zigomba kuba zifite ubwiza bwa BSE.
• Gutsemba inyamaswa zirwaye.
• Kubuza burundu gushyira ibice bishobora guteza akaga nk'ubwonko bw'inka n'umugongo mu ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa by'abantu n'ibiryo by'amatungo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya ku giti cyawe:

• Guteka ntibica prions: Ubusanzwe, iyo duteka, gushyushya byica mikorobe. Ariko, izi poroteyine zitwa prions ntizirimburwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, aside, cyangwa imirasire.
• Amata n'ibikomoka ku mata ni byiza: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kunywa amata y'inka yanduye bitanduzanya vCJD. Bityo rero nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa n'amata, yawurute, foromaje, nibindi.
• Gutanga amaraso: Mu bihe bidasanzwe, iyi ndwara ishobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu maraso aturutse ku muntu wanduye. Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, abatanga amaraso batuye mu bihugu byavuzwe ko BSE ihari, bavanwa mu gutanga amaraso by'agateganyo.

Mu gusoza, kuba turi mu gihugu nka Sri Lanka, nta mpamvu dufite yo kugira ubwoba butari ngombwa ku bijyanye na vCJD. Igihugu cyacu gifite amahame yo hejuru cyane agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa.