Iyo utekereje ku maraso, hari amazi atukura aza mu mutwe, sibyo? Ariko se wari uzi ko igice kirenga cy'amaraso yawe ari amazi y'umuhondo? Ibyo ni byo twita plasma. Ni nk'uruzi rw'ubuzima mu mibiri yacu. Ibintu byose umubiri wacu ukeneye binyura muri uru ruzi. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri aya mazi atangaje, plasma, mu magambo yoroheje.
Plasma ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, plasma ni igice cy'amazi mu maraso yawe. Mu by'ukuri, igize 55%, cyangwa kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingano yose y'amaraso yawe. Uturemangingo twose dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes wumvise bivugwaho birazenguruka muri iyi plasma, bikayitwara mu mubiri wawe wose.
Tekereza nka salade y'imbuto. Uduce tw'imbuto ni uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura n'umweru hamwe n'udupira tw'amaraso. Jeli yose ivanze ni nk'amaraso.
Iyi plasma ni 92% by'amazi. 7% bisigaye ni poroteyine (nk'uturemangingo tw'umubiri, ibintu bigabanya amaraso, albumin, fibrinogen). 1% bisigaye ni ibintu by'ingenzi ku mubiri wacu, nka imisemburo, vitamine, imyunyu, na enzymes.
Kuki plasma ari ingenzi cyane ku mubiri wacu?
Plasma si amazi make gusa. Ikora akazi kenshi mu mubiri wacu. Tekereza plasma nk'uruzi. Izindi selile z'amaraso zimeze nk'ubwato bugenda kuri urwo ruzi. Iyo urugero rw'amazi mu ruzi rugabanutse, ubwato ntibushobora kugenda, sibyo? Uko ni ko bimeze. Iyo plasma idafite, amaraso yacu ntashobora kugenda.
Reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo kugira ngo urebe akamaro k'ingenzi plasma ikorera imibiri yacu.
| Akamaro ka plasma | Mu magambo make ... |
|---|---|
| Indyo n'itangwa rya ogisijeni | Uturemangingo dutukura dufasha mu gutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bihaha. Nanone dukora nk' 'serivisi yo gutanga' ijyana intungamubiri, imisemburo, na vitamine mu bice byose by'umubiri. |
| Kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso | Bifasha kugumana umuvuduko ukenewe kugira ngo amaraso atembera neza, bitabujije ko imiyoboro y'amaraso ifungana. |
| Gufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri | Plasma itwara uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera n'uturemangingo dufasha kurwanya mikorobe mu mubiri wose. |
| Gutera amaraso kuvura no gukira | Iyo utemye ukuboko, plasma iba irimo poroteyine zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso no gukira igisebe. |
| Gukuraho imyanda | Bakusanya imyanda ikorerwa mu mubiri bakayijyana mu mpyiko no mu mwijima, aho ivanwa mu mubiri. |
| Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri | Bifasha kugira ubushyuhe bw'umubiri buguma ku rugero rumwe, bikaburinda kuzamuka cyangwa kugabanuka cyane. |
Plasma ikorwa ite kandi ni iyihe bara?
Plasma si ikintu gikorerwa ahantu hamwe. Ikorwa no kuvanga electrolytes, ari zo myunyu dukura mu buryo bw'igogora mu mazi tunywa n'ibyo turya. Ariko poroteyine z'ingenzi cyane zongerwamo zituruka ahantu runaka mu mubiri wacu.
- Umworo w'amagufwa
- Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushaje kandi turimo gupfa
- Umwijima
- Umugongo
Iyo izi poroteyine zihuye n'uwo mushongi, plasma yuzuye iraremwa.
Ubusanzwe, iyo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dukuwe mu maraso, plasma iba ifite ibara ry’umuhondo woroshye, nk’ibyatsi. Ariko, niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi, iri bara rishobora guhinduka. Urugero, niba ufite ikibazo aho uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso twangiritse (hemolysis), plasma ishobora kuba ibara ry’umutuku. Niba ufite indwara y’umwijima, itera indwara ya jaundice, plasma ishobora kuba icyatsi kibisi cyangwa umukara.
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa poroteyine mu maraso
Twavuze ko plasma irimo poroteyine nyinshi z'ingenzi. Izi ni zimwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi.
| Poroteyine | Icyo gukora |
|---|---|
| Albumin | Icy'ingenzi ni ugukomeza ingano y'amazi mu turemangingo no mu maraso mu buryo buringaniye. Ibi birinda plasma kuva mu mitsi y'amaraso. |
| Fibrinogen | Iyi niyo poroteyine nyamukuru ifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso binyuze mu gukora ibice by'amaraso iyo habayeho imvune. Inafasha kandi gukira kw'igisebe. |
| Globuline | Ibi nibyo bigize antibodies. Izi ni poroteyine zifasha kurwanya mikorobe no kuturinda indwara. |
Indwara n'ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bifitanye isano na plasma
Iyo habayeho ubusumbane cyangwa inenge mu maraso, indwara zitandukanye zishobora kuvuka.
Indwara zimwe na zimwe:
- Indwara ziterwa n'ibibazo mu mikorere ya poroteyine, urugero `(Amyloidosis)`.
- Indwara zitera ibibazo byo kuvura amaraso, urugero `(Hemophilia)` na `(von Willebrand disease)`.
- Indwara zigabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (kubura poroteyine z'ubudahangarwa mu maraso).
- Myeloma ni kanseri yibasira umwongo w'amagufwa.
Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya:
Niba ukomeje kugira ibi bintu, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga.
- Ndetse n'igikomere gito gishobora gutera igikomere kinini cyangwa kuva amaraso make.
- Kubabara amagufwa.
- Kumva umutima utera mu buryo budasanzwe (gutera cyane, kubabara mu gatuza).
- Kurwara kenshi, bivuze ko indwara zandura vuba bitewe n'uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka.
Si abantu bose bafite ibi bimenyetso bafite indwara iterwa na plasma, ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya no gushaka inama kwa muganga.
Gutanga plasma bishobora kurokora ubuzima
Kimwe no gutanga amaraso, ushobora no gutanga plasma gusa. Ibi bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'abarwayi benshi.
1. Gutanga amaraso buri gihe:Iyo utanze amaraso, plasma ishobora gutandukanywa nayo nyuma muri laboratwari.
2. Gutanga plasma gusa: Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha imashini yihariye kugira ngo ufate amaraso yawe, utandukanye plasma gusa, hanyuma ushyiremo uturemangingo dutukura n'umweru dusigaye mu mubiri wawe. Ubu buryo kandi bwitwa ``Plasmapheresis''.
Plasma itangwa ikoreshwa mu kuvura ubushye, impanuka zikomeye, abarwayi ba kanseri, abarwayi bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite ubushobozi, n'abandi barwayi benshi. Plasma ituruka ku bantu bafite amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa AB ni ingenzi cyane kuko idafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi ishobora guhabwa abantu b'ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso. Ariko uko ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe bwaba buri kose, uracyashobora gufasha utanga plasma.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Plasma ni igice cy'umuhondo cy'amaraso yawe. Ni nk' 'uruzi rw'ubuzima' rutwara intungamubiri, imisemburo, n'uturemangingo mu mibiri yacu.
- Nubwo ari amazi arenga 90%, yuzuyemo poroteyine, vitamine, n'imyunyungugu ikenewe ku mubiri.
- Niba uhinduka ibara ry'ubururu uhereye ku bintu bito cyane, cyangwa niba uhora urwaye, komeza ubyitondere kandi uganire na muganga wawe.
- Ikizamini cyoroshye, nko kubara amaraso yose uko yakabaye (CBC), gishobora gutanga ibimenyetso ku bibazo bifitanye isano n'amaraso mu maraso.
- Nawe ushobora gufasha umuntu kurokora ubuzima bwe utanga plasma.
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