Ese waruzi ibi bintu ku birebana n'amacandwe? Reka tuganire!

Ese wigeze utekereza cyane ku macandwe yo mu kanwa kawe? Birashoboka ko atari byo, sibyo? Ariko wari uzi ko aya macandwe ari amazi atangaje agira uruhare runini mu mubiri wacu. Iyo tuvuga, iyo turya, iyo twishimira, ibi byose ntibitandukanywa n'icyo bita amacandwe. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri aya macandwe, ari yo '(amacandwe)', mu buryo burambuye .

Amacandwe ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Amacandwe ni amazi aturuka mu mitsi y'amacandwe (yitwa kandi imitsi y'amacandwe) mu kanwa kawe. Akenshi tuyita "amacandwe" cyangwa "ingwa." Nubwo ahanini ari amazi, arimo n'ibindi bintu byinshi by'ingenzi ku mibiri yacu, nka poroteyine na enzymes.

Hari igihe abaganga bapima amacandwe yawe kugira ngo bamenye ubuzima bwawe. Urugero, bashobora kugenzura urugero rwa cortisol yawe, niba warakoresheje imiti imwe n'imwe (mu bipimo by'imiti), ndetse niba ufite virusi nka virusi itera SIDA cyangwa izindi ndwara. Ibyo ntibitangaje se?

Ni izihe nyungu z'amacandwe ku mubiri wacu?

Amacandwe si amazi gusa. Afasha cyane atari ubuzima bw'akanwa gusa, ahubwo anafasha ubuzima bwacu muri rusange. Reba izi nyungu.

Bifasha mu gutuma umunwa n'umuhogo bihora bitoshye kandi bikoroha

Amacandwe afasha mu gutuma uturemangingo tworoheje (mucosae) mu kanwa kawe tuba dutose kandi tudafatana. Akora kandi urwego rwo kurinda mu kanwa kawe, akarinda ibintu byangiza nka bagiteri , uburozi, n'ibyago.

Biroroshya kurya no kumira

Tekereza ukuntu byari kugora kumira ibiryo urya iyo byaba byumye. Amacandwe aroshya ibiryo, akabihindura umupira muto (`(bolus)`), kandi bigatuma byoroha kubicisha mu muhogo, ni ukuvuga ku muhogo (`(esophagus)`) no mu nda (`(igifu)`). Hatabayeho amacandwe, kumira ibiryo byaba ari akazi katoroshye cyane.

Igogora ritangira.

Ese wari uzi ko igogora ritangirira mu kanwa? Hari enzyme yihariye yitwa amylase mu macandwe. Iyi ni yo itangira igogora ry'ibiryo birimo ibinyampeke (urugero: umuceri, umugati) turya. Ibi bifasha igifu.

Irinda indwara zandura

Amacandwe arimo indi enzyme y'ingenzi yitwa lysozyme . Iyi yica ubwoko bwinshi bwa bagiteri kandi ikabuza ikwirakwira ry’udukoko mu kanwa. Mu yandi magambo, ikora nk'uburinzi karemano bw'akanwa kacu.

Irinda amenyo

Amacandwe kandi afasha cyane amenyo yacu. Calcium hydroxyapatite mu macandweIyi mvange irinda gutakaza kalisiyumu mu menyo (`(demineralization)`). Amacandwe anafasha mu gukaraba uduce tw'ibiryo dusigaye nyuma yo kurya. Nanone, amacandwe afasha kugabanya kwangirika kw'amenyo bitewe n'ibiryo birimo aside turya. Ibi byose bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara imyenge (`(cavities)`) n'indwara y'ishinya (`(icyorezo cy'ishinya)`).

Bituma pH y'umunwa igumana uburimbane

Amacandwe afasha mu kubungabunga pH (igipimo cya aside/alkalinity) mu kanwa kacu hagati ya 6.0 na 7.5. Iyo turya ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibiribwa, pH y'ibyo biribwa iratandukanye. Amacandwe afasha kugarura pH y'umunwa ku rugero rukwiye nyuma yo kumira ibiryo.

Bifasha mu kuvura ibisebe byo mu kanwa

Iyo ukomeretse imbere mu itama ryawe cyangwa igikomere gito mu kanwa kawe, amacandwe ashobora kugufasha gukira vuba. Ibi biterwa nuko zimwe muri poroteyine n'ibintu bikura mu macandwe bifasha kongera kuvugurura ingingo no kwihutisha gukira kw'igikomere.

Bifasha mu kuryoha ibiryo

Kugira ngo turyoherwe neza n'ibiryo byumye, bigomba kuba bitose. Icyo gihe ni bwo uburyohe bw'ururimi rwacu bushobora kumenya uburyohe bwabyo. Ubu butohe butangwa n'amacandwe.

Ese ntabwo bitangaje ukuntu amacandwe ashobora gufasha imibiri yacu? Bishobora gusa nkaho ari ibintu bito, ariko reba ukuntu bikora!

Aya macandwe akorwa ate? Aturuka he?

Amacandwe akorwa, nk'uko twabivuze mbere, n'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe mu kanwa kawe. Utu turemangingo dukora amacandwe tukayarekura mu kanwa kawe binyuze mu miyoboro mito (imiyoboro).

Dufite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'imitsi y'amacandwe:

• Udukoko twa Parotide: Tuba imbere y'amatwi yawe, hafi y'amatama yawe. Utu ni two dukoko tunini cyane. Amacandwe ava muri utu dukoko anyura mu kanwa kawe hafi y'agace ko hejuru k'umunwa wawe.
• Udukoko two munsi y'uruhinja: Utwo dukoko tuba mu kanwa kawe ko hasi. Amacandwe ava muri utwo dukoko anyura mu kanwa kawe munsi y'ururimi rwawe.
• Imisemburo ifata ururimi rw'umuntu: Iyi mitsi iherereye munsi y'ururimi rwawe, hepfo y'umunwa wawe. Amacandwe ava muri iyi mitsi anyura mu kanwa kawe munsi y'ururimi rwawe.

Izi ngirabuzimafatizo eshatu z’ingenzi zikora 90% by’amacandwe yose. 10% bisigaye biva mu tundi tunyabutabire tutari duto cyane two mu kanwa. Ugereranyije, umuntu mukuru akora litiro 0.5 na 1.5 z’amacandwe (ni ukuvuga hagati y’ibikombe 2 na 6) ku munsi.

Ni gute ikorwa ry'amacandwe rigenzurwa?

Umusaruro w'amacandwe ugenzurwa cyane cyane na sisitemu yacu y'imitsi y'ubwonko yigenga (ANS).Iyi ni sisitemu igenzura imikorere y'umubiri wacu idakozwe ku bushake (nk'ubuhumekero n'umutima) tudatekerezaho. Iyi sisitemu ikora haba iyo dusinziriye ndetse n'iyo turi maso.

Ibice bibiri by'urusobe rw'imitsi rukora ku buryo buziguye bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amacandwe:

• Uturemangingo tw’imitsi duhuza: Ubu buryo bukora mu bihe by’amakuba, cyane cyane iyo twumva dufite stress cyangwa ubwoba. Tubyita "guhangana cyangwa guhunga". Iyo ubu buryo bushyushye, butanga amacandwe menshi kandi afashe. Wibuka igihe wumva umunwa wawe wumye iyo ufite ubwoba cyangwa uhangayitse? Iyi niyo mpamvu.
• Uturemangingo tw’imitsi dukoresha parasympathetic: Ibi bikora ibinyuranye n’uko byari bimeze mbere. Ni byo bitanga imikorere y’umubiri yo “kuruhuka no gusya”. Iyo ubu buryo bushishikajwe, butanga amacandwe menshi y’amazi. Ubu bwoko bw’amacandwe ni bwo butuma byoroha kurya no kumira ibiryo.

Muri rusange, gukangura uturemangingo tw’imitsi dukoresha parasympathetic bigira ingaruka nini kandi zirambye ku ikorwa ry’amacandwe.

Ese hari ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amacandwe?

Yego, bimwe mu bintu bya buri munsi n'ibiribwa bigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'amacandwe akorwa.

• Iyo uriye ibiryo biryoshye , imiyoboro y'amacandwe yawe ikora amacandwe menshi. Ibi biterwa nuko ibiryo biryoshye biba bifite aside nyinshi. Bityo, amacandwe yiyongereyeho agabanya aside, bikagabanya kwangirika ishobora guteza amenyo yawe n'igogora.
• Iyo utekereje ku biryo, cyane cyane ibiryo ukunda, mu kanwa kawe hatangira gucika amacandwe, sibyo? Ibyo nabyo bifitanye isano n'ibi.
• Uturemangingo tw’amacandwe dukora cyane ku manywa. Mu ijoro, amacandwe agabanuka cyane. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iyi ari inzira ijyanye n’imikorere karemano y’umubiri wacu ya buri munsi (`(circadian rhythm)`).

Amacandwe arimo iki?

Amacandwe ni 99% by'amazi, naho 1% isigaye ikaba poroteyine, electrolytes , n'ibindi bintu.

Abashakashatsi bavumbuye ubwoko burenga 1.000 bwa poroteyine mu macandwe. Ariko, hafi 10% byazo ni zo ziboneka muri rusange. Izi poroteyine ni molekile nini kandi zigoye zikora imirimo myinshi mu turemangingo. Dore zimwe mu moko y'ingenzi ya poroteyine ziboneka mu macandwe:

• Amylase: Iyi ni enzyme twavuze mbere ifasha mu gusya karubohidrati. Ikorwa ahanini n'impyiko n'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe.
• Peptide zikungahaye kuri proline (PRPs): Izi ni umuryango munini wa poroteyine z’amacandwe zikorwa n’uturemangingo twa parotide na submandibular. Zigize hafi 70% bya poroteyine zose ziri mu macandwe. Urugero, PRPs zifite aside zikora agahu gakingira amenyo (pellicle).
• Peptide zo mu mubiri: Izi ni zimwe mu bigize ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ni ingenzi mu kurwanya indwara zandura n'ububyimbirwe.
• Mucines: Izi poroteyine nini zirinda ibintu mu kanwa, nk'ururimi n'ishinya, guterera (gusiga amavuta). Zikora nk'uruzitiro rufatika rwo kurinda bagiteri, ibihumyo na virusi byangiza.
• IgA y'imisemburo: Iyi ni antibody. Ifata kandi ikagenzura mikorobe zangiza (udukoko) n'udukoko tutangiza (mikorobe za commensal) mu kanwa. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburinzi bwacu.

Uretse ibi, amacandwe arimo n'ibindi bintu by'umwimerere:

• Isukari (glucose)
• Urea (imyanda)
• Cortisol ("imisemburo y'ihungabana")
• Imisemburo y'imibonano mpuzabitsina (urugero: estrogen, testosterone)
• Ibintu byihariye bijyanye n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ubuzima bikunze kugaragara ku birebana n'amacandwe?

Indwara zimwe na zimwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura (urugero: imiti imwe n'imwe, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwinshi n'ubwiza bw'amacandwe yawe.

Ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi by'amacandwe ni ugutakaza amacandwe n'ugutakaza amacandwe menshi. Muri ibyo, gutakaza amacandwe ni byo bikunze kugaragara cyane. Ibi byombi bishobora kuba iby'igihe gito cyangwa ibihe bidakira.

Kugabanuka kw'amacandwe (hyposalivation)

Ibi bivuze ko imitsi y'amacandwe yawe idakora amacandwe ahagije. Ibi byitwa kandi xerostomia , bivuze umunwa wumye .

Bigenda bite iyo amacandwe agabanutse?

Iyo umuvuduko w'amacandwe ugabanutse, hashobora kubaho ibibazo bitandukanye :

• Uruhu rwo mu kanwa rubi (halitosis)
• Kubabara mu kanwa no mu muhogo
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bw'amenyo: ibibyimba, kwangirika kw'amenyo, izindi ndwara zo mu kanwa
• Kubabara ku bantu bambara amenyo y'amenyo
• Kugorwa no kuvuga no kumira

Ni izihe mpamvu zituma amacandwe agabanuka?

Kubura amazi mu mubiri ni impamvu ikomeye. Byongeye kandi:

• Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri: Urugero, indwara ya Sjögren, lupus, rubagimpande.
• Kwandura virusi: `(VIH)`, hepatitis C`(umwijima C)`.
• Diyabete Mellitus: Ibi bituma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rukomeza kwiyongera, bigatera umwuma.
• Indwara ya Alzheimer.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension).

Byongeye kandi, umunwa wumye ushobora kuba ingaruka mbi z'imiti irenga 500. Imwe mu miti ikunze gutera umunwa wumye irimo:

• Imiti igabanya ububabare n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imihangayiko.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara z'umutima: Iyi itangwa ku ndwara zitandukanye, harimo kunanirwa kwifata mu nkari, gukora cyane mu ruhago, na COPD.
• Antihistamines, imiti igabanya ububabare, hamwe n'imiti igabanya ububabare.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe y'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, nka beta-blockers.
• Imiti ivura kanseri hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana.
• Imiti ivura indwara ya Parkinson.

Uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi hakoreshejwe imirasire nabwo ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma amacandwe agabanuka.

Kongera amacandwe (hypersalivation)

Ibi kandi byitwa sialorrhea . Ibi ni igihe imikaya y'amacandwe ikora amacandwe menshi cyane. Ibi bishobora gutera amacandwe. Ariko, amacandwe menshi si yo yonyine atera amacandwe. Ibi bishobora no kubaho iyo imikaya imwe n'imwe yo mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo idakomeye. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu abana batera amacandwe.

Bigenda bite iyo amacandwe menshi cyane?

Iyo gutemba cyane cyangwa igihe kirekire, bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima. Urugero, bishobora gutera indwara y'uruhu yitwa angular cheilitis, itera ibisebe bibabaza kandi byacitse mu mfuruka z'umunwa. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, amacandwe menshi ashobora kwinjira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (aspiration), bigatera kubura umwuka cyangwa pneumonia yo kubura umwuka .

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kwiyongera kw'amacandwe?

Imiti imwe, cyane cyane imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, ishobora gutera amacandwe menshi nk'ingaruka mbi. Urugero ni umuti wa Clozapine.

Byongeye kandi, izi ndwara zishobora no gutuma amacandwe yiyongera:

• Umwobo udahawe umuti: Umwobo ushobora gutuma bagiteri zikurira mu kanwa, ibyo bikaba byatera imbaraga utunyangingo tw’amacandwe gukora amacandwe menshi mu rwego rwo gusukura umunwa.
• Indwara yo kuvura indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Iyi ni igihe aside yo mu gifu isubira mu muhogo. Hanyuma imitsi y'amacandwe ikora amacandwe menshi kugira ngo aside idasubira mu kanwa.
• Isesemi: Iyo wumva ushaka kuruka, imiyoboro y'amacandwe yawe ikora amacandwe menshi kugira ngo wirinde ko aside yo mu gifu iza hamwe n'ibirutsi yangiza imbere mu kanwa kawe.
• Gutwita: Mu gihe cyo gutwita, umusaruro w'amacandwe ushobora kwiyongera by'igihe gito. Imiterere y'amacandwe irushaho kwiyongera muri iki gihe. Nanone, isesemi mu gihe cyo gutwita ishobora gutuma umusaruro w'amacandwe wiyongera.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga kubera ikibazo cy'amacandwe?

Niba ufite umunwa wumye cyangwa urimo gucika amacandwe menshi, kandi bigakomeza, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga. Ashobora kugusuzuma, gukora ibindi bipimo nibiba ngombwa, no kumenya impamvu nyamukuru. Hanyuma bashobora kukugira inama yo kuvurwa neza.

Kuki amacandwe yanjye yumva akomeye?

Amacandwe aba menshi kandi afashe, akenshi iyo amazi yayo agabanutse. Hari igihe, iyi mitekerereze "ikomeye" kandi "ifata" ishobora no kumvikana iyo amacandwe avanze n'amacandwe.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kubitera. Ibintu nko kubura amazi mu mubiri, kunywa itabi, na allergie idakira. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ubunini bw'amacandwe yawe ni ukunywa amazi menshi. Ariko, niba ufite amacandwe menshi adashira, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga. Hashobora kuba hari indi mpamvu ifatika.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Amacandwe ni ikintu tudakunze gutekerezaho cyane, keretse iyo tuyafite menshi cyangwa make cyane. Ariko, ni amazi menshi cyane kandi ni ingenzi ku buzima bwacu. Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa ibibazo ku buzima bw'amacandwe yawe cyangwa ubuzima bw'akanwa kawe, ntugatinye cyangwa ngo utinye kuvugana na muganga wawe. Arashobora kugufasha.

Umunwa muzima ni intangiriro nziza y'umubiri muzima! Ntiwibagirwe rero akamaro k'amacandwe.

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Amacandwe , imitsi y'amacandwe, ubuzima bw'akanwa, umunwa wumye, kwiyongera kw'amacandwe, igogora