Ese uzi ibi bintu ku birebana n'amacandwe? Reka tubiganireho - Nirogi Lanka

Ese wigeze ufata umwanya wo gutekereza ku macandwe mu kanwa kawe? Birashoboka ko atari byo? Ariko se wari uzi ko amacandwe ari amazi atangaje cyane agira uruhare runini mu mubiri wawe? Waba uvuga, urya, cyangwa uryoherwa n'ifunguro ukunda, amacandwe ni ingenzi cyane. None rero, uyu munsi muri Nirogi Lanka, reka turebere hamwe ubumenyi bw'amacandwe.

Amacandwe ni iki? Mu magambo make…

Amacandwe ni amazi aturuka mu miyoboro y’amaraso iri mu kanwa kawe, ayo twita imiyoboro y’amacandwe yawe. Nubwo agizwe ahanini n’amazi, arimo kandi poroteyine z’ingenzi, enzymes, n’ibindi bintu by’ingenzi ku buzima bw’umubiri wawe.

Abaganga bakunze gukoresha ingero z'amacandwe kugira ngo bamenye ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Urugero, amacandwe yawe ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura urugero rwa (cortisol) yawe, gukora (drug tests) , cyangwa no gutahura ubwandu bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi nka (HIV) . Birashishikaje cyane, si byo se?

Ni izihe nyungu z'amacandwe ku mubiri wawe?

Amacandwe si ikintu cyoroshye gusa. Agira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw'akanwa kawe kandi agafasha cyane mu mibereho myiza yawe muri rusange. Reka turebe zimwe mu nyungu zayo z'ingenzi:

Bituma umunwa wawe n'umuhogo bihorana ubushuhe kandi bikoroha

Amacandwe agira uruhare runini mu gutuma uturemangingo tworoshye two mu kanwa kawe (mucosae) tugumana ubushuhe, bikaturinda gufatana. Akora kandi uruzitiro rurinda umunwa wawe ibintu byangiza nka bagiteri n'uburozi, mu gihe bifasha mu gukumira imvune.

Gutuma Kurya no Kumira Birushaho Kuba Byoroheje

Tekereza ukuntu byari kugora kumira ibiryo byumye. Amacandwe aroshya ibiryo byawe, akabihinduramo ikintu cyoroshye (bolus) ku buryo byoroshye kumanuka mu muhogo wawe (esophagus) no mu nda yawe. Iyo amacandwe adahari, kumira byaba ari urugamba rukomeye.

Gutangiza inzira yo gusya ibiryo

Ese wari uzi ko igogora ritangirira mu kanwa kawe? Amacandwe arimo enzyme yihariye yitwa Amylase . Ibi nibyo bitangira gusenyuka kwa karubohidrati (nk'umuceri cyangwa umugati), bigatuma igifu cyawe gitangira igogora.

Kurinda indwara zandura

Amacandwe arimo indi enzyme y'ingenzi yitwa Lysozyme . Iyi enzyme isenya ubwoko bwinshi bwa bagiteri, ikaba umurinzi karemano ubuza mikorobe gukwirakwira mu kanwa kawe.

Kurinda Amenyo Yawe

Amacandwe kandi ni umurinzi ukomeye w'amenyo yawe. Kalisiyumu hydroxyapatite iri mu macandwe ifasha mu gukumira ibura ry'imyunyu ngugu mu menyo yawe (demineralization). Inakuraho ibisigazwa by'ibiryo bisigaye kandi igafasha mu kugabanya aside mu biribwa urya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara ishinya no kurwara amenyo .

Kuringaniza urwego rwa pH mu kanwa kawe

Amacandwe afasha mu kubungabunga urugero rwa pH mu kanwa kawe (igipimo cya aside cyangwa alkalinity) hagati ya 6.0 na 7.5. Ibiryo bitandukanye bifite urugero rwa pH rutandukanye, kandi amacandwe akora kugira ngo umunwa wawe ugarure imiterere iringaniye nyuma yo kurangiza kurya.

Gufasha mu gukiza ibikomere

Iyo utemye itama ryawe ku bushake cyangwa ugakomereka gato mu kanwa, amacandwe afasha gukira vuba. Ibi biterwa nuko amacandwe arimo poroteyine n'ibintu bikura bifasha mu kongera kuvugurura ingirangingo no kwihutisha gukira kw'ibikomere .

Kongera uburyohe bwawe bwo kumva uburyohe

Kugira ngo uryoherwe n'ibiryo neza, bigomba kuba bitose kugira ngo utwo tunyangingo tubashe kugera ku buryohe bw'ururimi rwawe. Amacandwe atanga ubushuhe bw'ingenzi bukenewe kugira ngo wishimire uburyohe bw'ibiryo byawe.

Ese ntibitangaje ukuntu amacandwe akora akazi kenshi ku mubiri wawe? Nubwo bisa nkaho ari ibintu byoroshye, bigira uruhare runini mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi!

Amacandwe akorwa ate kandi hehe?

Nkuko byavuzwe, amacandwe akorwa n'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe . Utu turemangingo tukayarekura mu kanwa kawe binyuze mu miyoboro mito yitwa imiyoboro.

Dufite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'imitsi y'amacandwe:

• Udukoko twa Parotide: Tuba imbere y'amatwi yawe, hafi y'amatama yawe, utu ni two dukoko tunini cyane. Amacandwe bakora yinjira mu kanwa hafi y'agace ko hejuru k'umunwa.
• Uduce tw’umugongo: Duherereye mu gace k’umusaya wo hasi, amacandwe ava muri izi ngirabuzimafatizo yinjira mu kanwa munsi y’ururimi rwawe.
• Utunyangingo tw’urulimi: Tuba munsi y’ururimi rwawe hasi mu kanwa kawe, kandi dusohora amacandwe mu gace kari munsi y’ururimi rwawe.

Hafi 90% by'amacandwe yose aturuka kuri izi ngirabuzimafatizo eshatu nini, naho 10% bisigaye bituruka ku tunyangingo duto tubarirwa mu magana tw'amacandwe mu kanwa kawe. Ugereranyije, umuntu mukuru akora hagati ya litiro 0.5 na 1.5 (hafi ibikombe 2 kugeza kuri 6) by'amacandwe buri munsi.

Ni gute ikorwa ry'amacandwe rigenzurwa?

Umusaruro w'amacandwe ugenzurwa cyane cyane na sisitemu yawe y'imitsi y'ubwonko (ANS) , igenzura imikorere y'umubiri idakozwe ku bushake nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima, haba mu gihe uri maso cyangwa usinziriye.

Ibice bibiri bya ANS bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amacandwe:

• Utunyangingo tw’imitsi: Ibi bitangira gukora mu gihe cy’impanuka, cyane cyane iyo wumva ufite stress cyangwa ubwoba—uburyo bwo "kurwana cyangwa guhunga". Ibi bitera amacandwe menshi kandi afashe, ari nayo mpamvu mu kanwa kawe wumva wumye iyo ufite ubwoba cyangwa uhangayitse.
• Uturemangingo tw’imitsi dukoresha parasympathetic: Ibi bikora nk’ibitandukanye n’uturemangingo tw’imitsi, bigacunga inzira zo "kuruhuka no gusya". Iyo bikozwe mu buryo butunguranye, bitanga amacandwe yoroheje kandi y’amazi, akaba meza cyane mu kurya no kumira.

Ubusanzwe, urusobe rw'imitsi rwa parasympathetic rugira ingaruka zikomeye kandi z'igihe kirekire ku ikorwa ry'amacandwe yawe ya buri munsi.

Ese hari ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amacandwe?

Yego, ibintu byinshi bya buri munsi n'amahitamo y'ibiribwa bigira ingaruka kuri byo:

• Kurya ibiryo biryoshye bituma imiyoboro y'amacandwe ikora amacandwe menshi kugira ngo yoroshye aside, bifasha mu kurinda amenyo yawe n'urwungano ngogozi.
• Gutekereza cyangwa kwitega ibiryo ukunda nabyo bishobora gutuma mu kanwa kawe hanuka urujijo.
• Uturemangingo tw’amacandwe yawe dukora cyane ku manywa. Amacandwe agabanuka cyane nijoro , abashakashatsi bemeza ko bifitanye isano n’imikorere y’umubiri wawe mu buryo busanzwe.

Amacandwe akorwa n'iki?

Amacandwe ni 99% by'amazi. 1% isigaye igizwe na poroteyine, electrolytes , n'ibindi bintu.

Abashakashatsi bavumbuye ubwoko burenga 1.000 bwa poroteyine mu macandwe, nubwo hafi 10% gusa ari zo nyinshi cyane. Izi poroteyine ni molekile nini kandi zigoye gukora imirimo y'ingenzi mu turemangingo. Amwe mu moko y'ingenzi ya poroteyine aboneka mu macandwe arimo:

• Amylase: Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, iyi ni enzyme ifasha mu gusenya karubohidrati. Ikorwa cyane cyane na pancreas yawe n'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe.
• Peptide zikungahaye kuri proline (PRPs): Izi ni umuryango munini wa poroteyine z'amacandwe zikorwa n'uturemangingo twa parotide na submandibular. Zigize hafi 70% bya poroteyine yose iri mu macandwe yawe. Urugero, PRPs zirimo aside zifasha gukora agahu gakingira amenyo kitwa "pellicle" hejuru y'amenyo yawe.
• Peptide zo mu bwoko bwa Host-defense: Izi ni ingenzi cyane mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, zigira uruhare runini mu kurwanya indwara zandura n'ububyimbirwe.
• Mucins: Izi poroteyine nini nizo zituma amacandwe agira amavuta meza, bigatuma ururimi rwawe n'ishinya bihora bitose. Zikora kandi nk'uruzitiro rufatika rwo kukurinda bagiteri, ibihumyo na virusi byangiza.
• IgA y'ibanga: Iyi ni ubwoko bwa antibody. Akazi kayo ni ugufata no kugenzura udukoko twangiza ndetse n'udukoko twiza tuba mu kanwa kawe, bikaba ari igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburinzi bw'umubiri wawe.

Uretse ibi, amacandwe yawe arimo ibindi bintu byinshi bigize organic:

• Isukari (glucose)
• Urea (umusaruro w'imyanda)
• Cortisol ("imisemburo y'stress")
• Imisemburo y'imibonano mpuzabitsina (urugero, estrogen, testosterone)
• Ibintu byihariye bijyanye n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ubuzima bikunze kugaragara mu macandwe?

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura—nk'imiti runaka cyangwa ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire—bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwinshi no ku bwiza bw'amacandwe yawe.

Ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi ni hyposalivation (amacandwe make cyane) na hypersalivation (amacandwe menshi cyane). Muri ibyo bibiri, kugabanuka kw'amacandwe ni byo bikunze kugaragara. Ibyo byombi bishobora kuba iby'igihe gito cyangwa ibihe bidakira.

Kudasiga amavuta

Ibi bibaho iyo imiyoboro y'amacandwe yawe idakora amacandwe ahagije. Ibi bizwi mu buvuzi nka xerostomia , cyangwa akenshi, umunwa wumye .

Bigenda bite iyo ufite amacandwe make?

Kubura amacandwe bishobora guteza imbogamizi nyinshi:

• Uruhu rwo mu kanwa rubi (halitosis)
• Kubabara mu kanwa no mu muhogo
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bw'amenyo: kwiyongera kw'ibinogo, kwangirika kw'amenyo, n'izindi ndwara
• Ingorane ku bambara amenyo y'ingore
• Kugorwa no kuvuga cyangwa kumira

Kuki amacandwe agabanuka?

Kubura amazi mu mubiri ni impamvu ikomeye. Izindi mpamvu zirimo:

• Indwara z’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri: nka Sjögren's syndrome, lupus, cyangwa rheumatoid arthritis.
• Kwandura virusi: nka VIH cyangwa hepatite C.
• Diyabete itagira igenzura: isukari nyinshi mu maraso ishobora gutera umwuma.
• Indwara ya Alzheimer.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.

Byongeye kandi, umunwa wumye ushobora gutera ingaruka mbi z'imiti irenga 500 itandukanye . Imiti ikunze kwibasirwa nayo irimo:

• Imiti igabanya ububabare n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imihangayiko.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'inkari: ikunze gukoreshwa ku ndwara yo kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari, uruhago rukora cyane, cyangwa COPD.
• Antihistamines, imiti igabanya ububabare, hamwe n'imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ububabare.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, nka beta-blockers.
• Imiti ivura indwara za chimiotherapie.
• Imiti ivura indwara ya Parkinson.

Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire ku ndwara ya kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi nabwo ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma amacandwe agabanuka.

Kurushaho gutakaza amacandwe

Iyi ndwara izwi nka sialorrhea , ibaho iyo imitsi y'amacandwe yawe ikora amacandwe menshi cyane, bishobora gutuma utemba amacandwe. Ariko, gutemba amacandwe ntibivuze ko buri gihe utera amacandwe menshi; rimwe na rimwe bishobora guterwa n'intege nke z'imitsi mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu abana bato bashobora gutemba amacandwe.

Bigenda bite iyo ufite amacandwe menshi?

Kudakama cyangwa gutemba cyane bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima, nka angular cheilitis , indwara y'uruhu itera iminkanyari ibabaza mu mfuruka z'umunwa wawe. Mu bihe bidasanzwe kandi bikomeye, amacandwe menshi ashobora kwinjira mu nzira y'ubuhumekero, bikaba byatera stroke cyangwa aspiration pneumonia .

Kuki amacandwe yiyongera?

Imiti imwe n'imwe, cyane cyane imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe nka Clozapine, ishobora gutera indwara yo kubura amaraso menshi nk'ingaruka mbi.

Byongeye kandi, izi ndwara zishobora gutuma amacandwe yiyongera:

• Kubora kw'amenyo kutavuwe: Utubobo twongera urugero rwa bagiteri mu kanwa kawe, ibyo bikaba byatera imbaraga imiyoboro y'amacandwe gukora amacandwe menshi yo gusukura aho hantu.
• Indwara yo kuvura indwara yo mu gifu (GERD): Iyo aside yo mu gifu igarutse mu muhogo wawe, imiyoboro y'amacandwe yawe ishobora gukora amacandwe menshi nk'uburyo bwo kurinda aside.
• Isesemi: Iyo wumva isesemi, imyakura yawe ikora amacandwe menshi kugira ngo irinde aside yo mu gifu mu gihe cyo kuruka.
• Gutwita: Urugero rw'amacandwe rushobora kwiyongera by'agateganyo mu gihe cyo gutwita bitewe n'imisemburo cyangwa nk'igisubizo cyo gusesa mu gitondo.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'ibibazo by'amacandwe?

Niba uhora uhura n'ikibazo cy'umunwa wumye cyangwa urimo gutemba cyane, ni ngombwa kugisha inama muganga wawe. Bashobora gusuzuma ibimenyetso byawe, bagategeka ibizamini bikenewe kugira ngo bamenye impamvu nyamukuru, kandi bakagusaba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura, bwazanywe na Nirogi Lanka. Niba ugize ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka cyangwa kubyimbirwa, nyamuneka shaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa ku bitaro biri hafi yawe cyangwa uhamagare 911 ako kanya.

Kuki amacandwe yanjye yumva akomeye?

Amacandwe akunze kuba akomeye cyangwa afashe iyo adafite amazi ahagije. Hari igihe kuba hari amacandwe avanze n'amacandwe nabyo bishobora gutuma habaho ubwo buryo bwo kumva "afite ubunini" cyangwa "afite ubukana".

Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo umwuma, kunywa itabi, cyangwa allergie idakira. Uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza uburyo amacandwe yawe ahora amera neza ni ukunywa amazi menshi. Ariko, niba ubona ko amacandwe yawe akomeje kuba menshi igihe cyose, ni byiza kugisha inama muganga. Hashobora kuba hari ikibazo cyihishe inyuma gisaba ubufasha kwa muganga.

Ibitekerezo bya nyuma: Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gufata

Mu bihe bisanzwe, ntabwo dukunze gutekereza cyane ku macandwe keretse iyo umusaruro wayo wiyongeye cyangwa ugabanuka. Nyamara, ni amazi y'ingenzi kandi akora cyane ku buzima bwawe muri rusange. Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa gushidikanya ku macandwe yawe cyangwa ku buzima bwawe bwo mu kanwa, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe kandi bagufashe.

Umunwa muzima ni urubuga rwiza rwo gutangira kugira umubiri muzima! Ntugasuzugure akamaro k'amacandwe yawe.

Amagambo ahinnye: Amacandwe, Imisemburo y'amacandwe, Ubuzima bwo mu kanwa, Umunwa wumye, Amacandwe menshi, Igogora