Ese wigeze wumva ijambo ' Stem Cells ' mbere? Wenda warigeze kuryumva kuri muganga, kuri televiziyo, cyangwa mu nkuru yo mu kinyamakuru. Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa n'ibigoye, izi stem cells mu by'ukuri ni kimwe mu bintu bitangaje cyane mu mubiri wacu. Uyu munsi, turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye cyane, mu buryo ushobora kumva.
Mu magambo make, izi selile z’ingirabuzimafatizo ni iki?
Tekereza ufite uduce twa Lego tw’ubwoko bumwe. Ushobora gukoresha utwo duce twa Lego mu kubaka inzu, imodoka, ubwato, ikintu cyose ushaka. Uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo ni ko bimeze.
Uturemangingo ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo "dusanzwe" cyangwa "dukomeye" mu mubiri wacu dushobora kuba urundi bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'uturemangingo twihariye.
Urugero, uturemangingo tw’umubiri dushobora gukura tukavamo uturemangingo tw’uruhu, uturemangingo tw’ubwonko (uturemangingo tw’imitsi ), uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’umutima, uturemangingo tw’amagufwa , cyangwa uturemangingo tw’amaraso. Nanone, utwo turemangingo dushobora gukora uturemangingo twinshi, ni ukuvuga ko dushobora kwigabanya no gukora uturemangingo nk’utwo kenshi na kenshi. Ubu bushobozi butangaje niyo mpamvu twagize akamaro gakomeye mu buvuzi.
None se, kuki izi selile z’ingenzi ari ingenzi cyane?
Izi selile ni ingenzi cyane mu bushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi bw'ejo hazaza bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo. Ni ingenzi kubera impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi.
1. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku turemangingo: Tekereza umuntu yagize indwara y'umutima maze igice cy'umutima we kigapfa kigacika intege. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko mu gihe kizaza, bazashobora gukoresha uturemangingo tw'umubiri mu gukora uturemangingo tw'umutima dushya kandi dufite ubuzima bwiza hanyuma bakadushyira mu gice cyangiritse kugira ngo umutima usubire mu buzima. Ubu buryo ni bwo twita ubuvuzi bwo kuvugurura . Ubu buryo bumaze gukoreshwa neza ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso na kanseri .
2. Gusobanukirwa uburyo indwara zibaho:Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora kureba uturemangingo tw’umubiri, urugero, tugenda tuba uturemangingo tw’imitsi muri laboratwari. Ibi bituma biga neza uko bigenda ku turemangingo tw’imitsi mu ndwara nka Parkinson cyangwa Alzheimer . Gusobanukirwa neza uko indwara ikura bishobora gufasha kubona uburyo bwo kuyivura.
3. Gupima imiti mishya: Mbere yuko umuti mushya uhabwa abantu no gupimwa, ni ngombwa kumenya niba nta kibazo ufite kandi ufite akamaro. Bityo, uturemangingo twihariye tujyanye n'indwara ivugwa (urugero, uturemangingo twa pancreas ku ndwara ya diyabete) dushobora gukorwa muri laboratwari dukoresheje uturemangingo, kandi umuti mushya ushobora gukoreshwa kuri utwo turemangingo kandi ingaruka zawo zishobora kugeragezwa.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'ibanze?
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo. Reka tubirebe ukwabyo.
| Ubwoko bw'akagari | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Utunyangingo tw'urusoro rw'inda | Izi ngirabuzimafatizo ziboneka mu ntanga zatanzwe, zitarakoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutangira intanga ngore nyuma yo gusama hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya IVF (IVF). Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zifite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kuba ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ingirabuzimafatizo mu mubiri. Niyo mpamvu zitwa kandi 'pluripotent' . Zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusana ingingo n'ingingo zangiritse bitewe n'indwara. |
| Utunyangingo tw'inyuma tw'abantu bakuru | Nubwo izi selile zitwa, ziboneka mu mibiri y'impinja, abana, n'abantu bakuru. Ntabwo zikora ibintu byinshi nk'uturemangingo tw'inda. Urugero, selile y'inda nini mu ruhu ishobora gukora selile nyinshi z'uruhu gusa. Ariko kandi ni ingenzi cyane. Selile z'inda ziri mu maraso y'inkondo y'umura nazo ziri muri iki cyiciro. |
| Uturemangingo tw’ingenzi twa Pluripotent (iPSCs) | Iri ni ivugururwa riheruka mu bumenyi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi ubu bashobora gufata ingirabuzimafatizo isanzwe, nk'ingirabuzimafatizo y'uruhu rwawe, maze bagakora impinduka nto mu ngirabuzimafatizo muri laboratwari, bakayisubiza mu ingirabuzimafatizo 'ishobora kubaho'. Iri ni ivugururwa rikomeye, kuko ryirinda ibibazo by'amahame mbwirizamuco bifitanye isano no gukoresha ingirabuzimafatizo. |
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buri gukorwa ubu hakoreshejwe izi selile z’ibanze?
Abantu benshi batekereza ko uturemangingo tw’umubiri dushobora kuvura indwara zose, ariko ukuri ni ukundi.
Uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo tw’umura buzwi cyane kandi bugezweho ku isi ni ugutera uturemangingo tw’umura . Ibi bikubiyemo gutera uturemangingo tw’umura dukora amaraso. Ibi bishobora kuboneka mu maraso y’umura cyangwa mu maraso y’inkondo y’umura.
Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa cyane cyane kuri:
- Ku ndwara nka kanseri y'amaraso: Urugero, ku ndwara nka leukemia na lymphoma .
- Izindi ndwara ziterwa n'amaraso: Indwara nka sickle cell anemia .
- Kugira ngo twongere twubake umwobo w'amagufwa wangijwe n'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri: Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu kugarura umwobo w'amagufwa wangijwe na chemotherapy cyangwa imirasire.
Igikuru ni uko uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura uturemangingo tw’umubiri ku zindi ndwara (urugero: rubagimpande, diyabete, Parkinson) bukiri mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi . Kubwibyo, niba wumvise iby’ubwo buryo bwo kuvura ahantu runaka, ni ngombwa cyane gutekereza kabiri no kuvugana na muganga wawe mbere yo gufata icyemezo.
Ese hari ingaruka ziterwa n'ubu buryo bwo kuvura?
Yego, nk'uko bigenda ku buvuzi bwose, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe.
- Iyo utwo turemangingo dukura mu buryo butunguranye, hari amahirwe yo kubyara ibibyimba bya kanseri .
- Kwangirika kwa genetiki bishobora kubaho mu turemangingo twakuriye muri laboratwari.
- Hari igihe umubiri ushobora kumenya utwo turemangingo dushya twatewe nk' "utw'abanyamahanga" maze ukatwanga (ukatugabaho igitero).
- Hariho kandi ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zijyanye n'uburyo (urugero, kubaga) bukusanya cyangwa butera uturemangingo mu mubiri.
Imbogamizi mu bushakashatsi ku turemangingo fatizo
Nubwo ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo tw’inyuma tw’abantu bakuru bumaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bukorwa, ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo tw’inyuma tw’intanga ngabo bwatangiye mu 1998. Bityo rero haracyari byinshi byo kuvumbura kuri two.
Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ni ibibazo by’imyitwarire . Hari ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku bijyanye no kubona uturemangingo mu ntanga, kandi bamwe ntibemeranya n’ubu bushakashatsi.
Indi mbogamizi ni ingorane zo gukura kw'uturemangingo tw’umubiri tw’abantu bakuru muri laboratwari ndetse n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira inenge mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Hamwe n'ibi byose, abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyagerageza guhishura amabanga y'utu turemangingo dutangaje.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Uturemangingo tw’inyuma ni uturemangingo "tw’ingenzi" dushobora guhinduka ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’uturemangingo mu mubiri.
- Muri iki gihe, ibi bikoreshwa neza kandi byemewe cyane cyane mu gutera umwongo w'amagufwa ku ndwara za kanseri y'amaraso nka kanseri y'amaraso.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nka Parkinson, diyabete, n'indwara z'umutima buracyari mu cyiciro cy'ubushakashatsi kandi ntiburakoreshwa nk'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura.
- Nubwo hari ibigo byigenga bivuga ko bitanga ubuvuzi bwo ku rwego rw’ubushakashatsi, umutekano wabyo n’intsinzi yabyo ntibishobora kwemezwa.
- Mbere yo gufata icyemezo ku bijyanye n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuvura uturemangingo tw'umubiri, banza uganire na muganga wawe ubishoboye kandi ushake inama zikwiye.
Uturemangingo, uturemangingo, ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo, ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo, ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi, gutera umworera w'amagufwa, gutera umworera w'amagufwa, uturemangingo tw'inyuma, uturemangingo tw'inyuma tw'abantu bakuru
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