Ushobora kuba warigeze kubona ijambo ' Stem Cells ' muri filime, mu nkuru, cyangwa kuri interineti. Bamwe bavuga ko bashobora kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose, abandi bakavuga ko bashobora guteza akaga. None se, ni iki mu by'ukuri? Ese koko hari icyo bihindura ahazaza h'ubuvuzi? Reka tubisobanure mu buryo bworoshye.
Mu magambo yoroshye, uturemangingo tw’inyuma ni iki?
Tekereza ku ibumba. Ushobora kuribumbamo igipupe, inkono, cyangwa igishushanyo. Uturemangingo tw’inyuma dukora mu buryo bumwe; ni two turemangingo tw’umubiri 'shingiro' cyangwa 'abayobozi'. Utwo turemangingo dufite ubushobozi bubiri butangaje:
1. Kwivugurura: Uturemangingo tw’umubiri dushobora kwigabanya no kurema ubundi bwoko bwatwo.
2. Gutandukanya: Iki ni cyo kintu gitangaje cyane. Uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo dushobora guhinduka uturemangingo twihariye dukenewe n’umubiri. Urugero, dushobora guhinduka uturemangingo tw’amaraso , uturemangingo tw’ubwonko ( neurons ), uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’umutima, uturemangingo tw’uruhu , cyangwa uturemangingo tw’amagufwa .
Nta rundi rugingo mu mubiri wawe rufite ubwo buryo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, niyo mpamvu abaganga n'abahanga mu bya siyansi bishimira cyane ubushobozi bwabo.
Kuki uturemangingo tw’inyuma ari ingenzi cyane?
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko uturemangingo tw’umubiri ari two dufite uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubuzima mu gihe kizaza. Ni ingenzi kubera impamvu eshatu z’ingenzi:
| Akamaro | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku turemangingo | Tekereza umuntu ufite umutima wangiritse. Turamutse dukoresheje uturemangingo tw’umubiri kugira ngo dukure uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’umutima tuyishyire mu gace kangiritse, byaba ari impinduka. Ibi bizwi nka Regenerative Medicine - siyansi yo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ingirangingo n’ingingo byangiritse. |
| Gusobanukirwa iterambere ry'indwara | Mu kwitegereza uburyo uturemangingo tw’umubiri duhinduka uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa uturemangingo twarwaye muri laboratwari, abashakashatsi bashobora gusobanukirwa neza uburyo indwara zitangira n’uko zikura. Ubu bumenyi ni ingenzi cyane mu gushaka uburyo bushya bwo kuvura. |
| Gupima Imiti Mishya | Mbere yo gupima imiti mishya ku bantu, tugomba kwemeza ko ifite umutekano kandi ikora neza. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora gukora uturemangingo twihariye ku ndwara (urugero, uturemangingo tw’umwijima) muri laboratwari bakoresheje uturemangingo kugira ngo bapime uko umuti ubyitwaramo, bagatanga ishusho isobanutse neza mbere y’igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi. |
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'inyuma (Stem cells)?
Muri rusange, dushyira uturemangingo tw’inyuma mu byiciro bibiri by’ingenzi:
1. Utunyangingo tw'urusoro rw'inda
Izi ni zo selile 'zikomeye' zifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, zikomoka ku ntanga, cyane cyane izisigaye mu miti yo kubyara (nk'iyoIVF ) kandi ikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ku bwumvikane bw'ababyeyi.
Izi zizwi nka "pluripotent cells", bivuze ko zishobora guhinduka ubwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo mu mubiri. Kubera iyo mpamvu, zifite icyizere gikomeye cyo gusana ingingo, nubwo ikoreshwa ryazo rigikomeje kuba ingingo y'impaka ku mahame mbwirizamuco ku isi yose.
2. Uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo tw'abantu bakuru
Nubwo izina ry’iyi selile rivugwa, izi selile ziboneka muri buri wese—impinja, abana, n’abantu bakuru. Zifite imbaraga nke ugereranyije n’uturemangingo tw’inda kandi akenshi ziboneka mu mibare mito mu turemangingo nk’umusemburo w’amagufwa, uruhu, ubwonko n’umwijima.
Uturemangingo tw’ibanze tw’abantu bakuru muri rusange dukorera uturemangingo twihariye tw’ingingo tubamo. Urugero, uturemangingo tw’ibanze tw’uruhu akenshi dukora uturemangingo dushya tw’uruhu, ntabwo ari uturemangingo tw’umutima.
Iterambere rya siyansi: Seli za iPS
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye uburyo bwo gufata ingirabuzimafatizo isanzwe, nk'ingirabuzimafatizo y'uruhu, bakayivugurura muri laboratwari kugira ngo ikore nk'ingirabuzimafatizo y'urusoro. Izi zitwa Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPS cells) . Iri terambere ryafunguye amarembo mashya y'ubushakashatsi mu gihe rirenga ku bibazo by'imyitwarire bifitanye isano n'ingirabuzimafatizo z'urusoro.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ubu?
Ni ngombwa gutandukanya ubuvuzi bwagaragaye n'ubushakashatsi bw'igerageza .
Ubuvuzi bwemewe kandi bukoreshwa ubu
Uburyo bukunze kugaragara kandi butanga umusaruro muri iki gihe ni ugutera uturemangingo tw’amaraso , akenshi tuzwi nka 'gutera umwongo w’amagufwa'.
Ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwita ku:
- Kanseri z'amaraso (urugero: Leukemia, Lymphoma)
- Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu maraso (urugero, Sickle cell anemia)
- Kugarura umwongo w'amagufwa wangijwe na chemotherapy.
Izi selile zikomoka ku batanga serivisi nziza cyangwa ku maraso y’inkondo y’umura yakusanyijwe igihe yavukaga.
Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza n'ubushakashatsi ku igerageza
Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo gukora ku buryo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo tw’umubiri (stem cell therapy) mu zindi ndwara nyinshi. Wibuke ko izi zikiri mu cyiciro cy’igerageza:
- Indwara ya Parkinson
- Indwara ya Alzheimer
- Diyabete
- Indwara z'umutima
- Ibikomere byo mu mugongo
- Rubagimpande
Icy'ingenzi: Niba hari ivuriro rivuga ko ritanga 'imiti yemewe y'uturemangingo tw'umubiri' kuri izi ndwara, wirinde cyane. Iyi si imiti isanzwe yemewe. Buri gihe ganira n'umuganga wawe w'ibanze ku buryo nk'ubwo.
Ese ubu buryo bwo kuvura bufite umutekano?
Kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ubuvuzi, ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo fatizo bufite ibyago abashakashatsi barimo gukora kugira ngo bagabanye:
- Ingaruka zo Kwirema kwa Kanseri: Kubera ko uturemangingo tw’umubiri twigabanyamo kabiri vuba, hari ibyago byo gukura mu buryo butunguranye, bigatuma habaho ibibyimba.
- Kwangirika kw'uturemangingo: Uturemangingo twakorewe muri laboratwari dushobora guhinduka mu buryo bw'uturemangingo.
- Kwanga ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bushobora kumenya uturemangingo tw'abatanga uturemangingo nk' 'abajura b'abanyamahanga' maze bukatugabaho igitero.
- Ingaruka zo Kubagwa: Uburyo busabwa kugira ngo umuntu afate cyangwa ashyire uturemangingo (nk'inshinge mu bwonko cyangwa mu mutima) bufite ingaruka mbi zo kubagwa.
Gushaka ubuvuzi mu mavuriro adafite ishingiro cyangwa adafite ireme bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye. Buri gihe shyira imbere ubuvuzi bwizewe kandi bushingiye ku bimenyetso.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Uturemangingo tw’ibanze ni "uturemangingo tw’ingenzi" twihariye dushobora kuba ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’uturemangingo mu mubiri kandi dufite ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora ubuvuzi.
- Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo tw’amaraso bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura kanseri y’amaraso n’indwara zimwe na zimwe z’amaraso.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura diyabete, indwara ya Parkinson, n'indwara z'umutima buracyakorerwa ubushakashatsi kandi ntabwo bwemewe gukoreshwa muri rusange.
- Mbere yo kwizera amakuru ubona kuri interineti yerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo fatizo, nyamuneka uyagenzure na muganga wawe cyangwa umuganga wujuje ibisabwa.
- Witondere 'amavuriro y'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo' adafite ishingiro akwemeza umusaruro utangaje. Ntugashyire ubuzima bwawe mu kaga.
uturemangingo, ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo, uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo, ubuvuzi bwo kuvugurura, ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi, gutera umwongo w'amagufwa
