Uturemangingo tw’inyuma ni iki? (Ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo tw’inyuma) - Reka tuvuge ku hazaza h’ubuvuzi!

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva ijambo ' Stem Cells ' ahantu runaka. Wenda muri filime, mu kinyamakuru, cyangwa kuri interineti. Bamwe bavuga ko ibi bishobora gukiza indwara iyo ari yo yose. Abandi bavuga ko biteye ubwoba gato. None se izi stem cells ni iki? Ese koko iki ni ikintu kizahindura ahazaza h'ubuvuzi? Reka tubiganireho neza, mu buryo bworoshye, uyu munsi.

Mu magambo make, izi selile z’ingirabuzimafatizo ni iki?

Tekereza ku mubumbe w'ibumba. Dushobora gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose muri uwo mubumbe w'ibumba, nk'igipupe, inkono, inyamaswa. Uko ni ko uturemangingo tw'inyuma tuba tumeze. Utwo ni 'uturemangingo tw'ingenzi' cyangwa 'uturemangingo tw'ingenzi' mu mubiri wacu. Utwo turemangingo dufite ubushobozi bubiri butangaje.

1. Kurema utunyangingo twinshi tw’umubiri (Kwivugurura): Akanyangingo kamwe k’umubiri gashobora kugabanya no gukora utunyangingo twinshi tw’ubwoko bumwe.

2. Gutandukanya: Ubu ni bwo bushobozi butangaje cyane. Utu turemangingo dushobora guhinduka ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’uturemangingo twihariye umubiri wacu ukeneye. Urugero, dushobora guhinduka uturemangingo tw’amaraso , uturemangingo tw’ubwonko ( neurons ), uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’umutima, uturemangingo tw’uruhu , uturemangingo tw’amagufwa , n’ibindi.

Nta rundi rugingo mu mubiri wacu rufite ubwo bushobozi. Niyo mpamvu abaganga n'abahanga mu bya siyansi bashishikajwe cyane n'izi ngirabuzimafatizo.

Kuki uturemangingo tw’umubiri ari ingenzi cyane?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko ubushobozi bw'izi selile bushobora kugira impinduka nini mu buvuzi bw'ejo hazaza. Ni ingenzi kubera impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'ibanze?

Ahanini tuvuga ku bwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo.

1. Utunyangingo tw'urusoro rw'inda

Izi ni uturemangingo 'dukomeye' dushobora gukora byose. Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, tuboneka mu ntanga. By'umwihariko, tuboneka mu bushakashatsi ku ntanga zidakoreshwa nyuma yo gusama muri vitro ( IVF ) hanyuma zigakoreshwa (ku bwumvikane bw'ababyeyi).

Irindi zina ry’izi selile ni selile "pluripotent". Ibi bivuze ko zishobora guhinduka ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’ingirabuzimafatizo mu mubiri. Kubera ubwo bushobozi butagira imipaka, zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusana ingirabuzimafatizo zangiritse n’indwara. Ariko, kubera ko zikomoka ku ntanga, hari impaka zimwe na zimwe ku birebana n’amahame mbwirizamuco ku isi kuri ibi.

2. Uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo tw'abantu bakuru

Nubwo izi selile zitwa "umuntu mukuru," ziboneka mu mibiri y'abana bato, abana n'abantu bakuru bose. Ariko ntabwo zifite imbaraga nk'uturemangingo tw'inda zo mu nda. Akenshi ziboneka mu ngano nto mu ngingo zitandukanye, nko mu musokoro w'amagufwa, mu ruhu, mu bwonko no mu mwijima.

Uturemangingo tw’ibanze dusanzwe dukora uturemangingo twihariye ku mubiri turimo. Urugero, uturemangingo tw’ibanze mu ruhu dushobora gukora uturemangingo dushya tw’uruhu, ariko ntabwo ari uturemangingo tw’umutima.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buri gukoreshwa muri iki gihe ku turemangingo fatizo?

Ibi nibyo abantu benshi bifuza kumenya. Aha tugomba gusobanukirwa neza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubuvuzi buri gukoreshwa neza n’ubuvuzi buteganijwe mu gihe kizaza .

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bwemewe kandi bukoreshwa

Uburyo bukunze kugaragara kandi bugira ingaruka nziza ku isi muri iki gihe ni ugutera uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukora amaraso. Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi nk' 'gutera umwongo w'amagufwa.'

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa cyane cyane kuri:

• Ku kanseri y'amaraso (urugero: Leukemia, Lymphoma)
• Ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso (urugero: `Sickle cell anemia`)
• Kugira ngo twongere twubake umwobo w'amagufwa wangijwe na chemotherapy ku ndwara ya kanseri

Kubera iyo mpamvu, uturemangingo fatizo tuboneka mu musokoro w'umutanga muzima, cyangwa mu maraso y'inkondo y'umura iyo umwana avutse.

Ibyiza by'ejo hazaza n'iterambere ry'ubushakashatsi

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizeye ko uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo fatizo buzakoreshwa neza mu ndwara nyinshi mu gihe kizaza. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko izi ndwara zikiri mu cyiciro cy'ubushakashatsi .

• Indwara ya Parkinson
• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Diyabete
• Indwara z'umutima
• Ibikomere byo mu mugongo
• Rubagimpande

Ese ubu buryo bwo kuvura bufite umutekano? Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubwo buvuzi?

Kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ubuvuzi, ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo fatizo bufite ingaruka n'imbogamizi zabwo. Abahanga mu bya siyansi barabizi neza kandi barimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo babibonere ibisubizo.

• Ingaruka zo kurwara kanseri:Kubera ko uturemangingo tw’umubiri dufite ubushobozi bwo kwigabanya vuba, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kwigabanyamo ibice mu buryo butunguranye no gukora ibibyimba.
• Kwangirika kw'uturemangingo: Hari amahirwe ko uturemangingo twakuriye muri laboratwari dushobora kwangirika mu buryo runaka.
• Kwanga ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bushobora kwibasira uturemangingo twahawe duturutse hanze y'umubiri, tukadufata nk' 'abanzi b'abanyamahanga'.
• Ingaruka z'uburyo bwo kuvura: Ingaruka zijyanye no kubaga kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe cyangwa atere uturemangingo (urugero: guterwa inshinge mu bwonko, mu mutima).

Ubushakashatsi burakomeje kugira ngo bugabanye izi ngaruka. Kubwibyo, kwakira ubwo buvuzi buturutse ahantu hatemewe kandi hatujuje ubuziranenge bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye.