Niba utwite umwana, ni ibisanzwe guhangayikishwa cyane n'umutekano w'umwana wawe. Mu by'ukuri, guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije mu gihe utwite bishobora guteza akaga ku mwana wawe uri mu nda. Uyu munsi, turashaka kuvuga kuri ibi bintu—bizwi mu buvuzi nka 'teratogens'.
Teratogens ni iki?
Muri make, teratogens ni ibintu, iyo ubinyoye cyangwa ubishyizemo utwite, bishobora gutera indwara zo kuvukana (ubumuga bwo kuvukana) mu ruhinja rwawe rukiri mu nda cyangwa mu mwana uri mu nda. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo imiti, imiti , indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyangwa ibintu by'uburozi . Kwishyira mu kaga gashobora kongera cyane ibyago byo gukuramo inda , kubyara umwana utageze ku gihe, cyangwa no kubyara umwana wapfuye.
Ni iki kigaragaza ubukana bwa teratogen?
Urugero rw'ibyago biterwa na teratogen ruterwa n'ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi:
- Ubwoko bw'ikintu, imiti, cyangwa uburozi. Si buri kintu cyose bigira ingaruka ku gutwita mu buryo bumwe.
- Igihe cyo guhura n’iyi ndwara. Ese ni igihe gito cyo guhura n’iyi ndwara, cyangwa yamaze iminsi cyangwa amezi?
- Urugero rw'icyorezo (igipimo). Ese ingano yari nto cyangwa nini?
- Imyaka yo gutwita mu gihe cyo guhura n'icyorezo. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko ingingo zitandukanye zikura mu byiciro runaka by'imikurire y'umwana wawe.
- Ibintu bitera imiterere y’uturemangingo. Imiterere yawe yihariye y’uturemangingo ishobora gutuma umwana wawe ashobora guhura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe.
Kubwibyo, kwirinda gutera teratogens mu gihe cyose utwite niyo nzira nziza yo gutera imbere. Ariko, nyamuneka menya ko kwishyira mu mwanya w'umwana mu gihe runaka cy'imikurire ye bishobora guteza akaga cyane.
Ni mu rugero rungana iki ibibazo byo kuvukana biterwa na teratogens?
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hafi 4% kugeza kuri 5% by'indwara zose zivukana zifitanye isano itaziguye no guhura n'ingaruka z'indwara ziterwa n'imisemburo y'umwana. Byongeye kandi, byagaragaye ko ibyo bintu bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana mu bwenge no ku mubiri . Iki ni ikibazo ukwiye kwitabwaho no kwitonda byuzuye.
Ni izihe ngero zisanzwe za teratogens?
Teratogens ni ibintu bizwiho kugira ingaruka mbi, byaba ari ukubyara abana bafite ubumuga, gutakaza inda, cyangwa izindi ngorane zo gutwita . Reka turebe ibyiciro by'ingenzi cyane.
Inzoga, Itabi, n'Ibiyobyabwenge byo kwidagadura
Ubu bushobora kuba ari bwo bwoko buzwi cyane bwa teratogens.
- Inzoga: Inzoga zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mitsi yo mu bwonko bw'umwana wawe. Kunywa inzoga mu gihe utwite byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'inzoga y'umwana utwite, ishobora gutera imiterere idasanzwe mu maso, ingano nto y'umutwe, ndetse n'ibibazo birambye mu myitwarire no mu mubiri.
Nta rugero ruzwi rw'inzoga ziterwa mu gihe utwite.
- Itabi: Kunywa itabi ni ingenzi mu gutuma umwana akura nabi, kubyara igihe kitageze, no gukuramo inda. Bishobora kandi kwangiza imitsi y'ibihaha by'umwana wawe ndetse n'ubwonko bwe bukura.
- Ibiyobyabwenge byo kwidagadura:Ibiyobyabwenge nka kokayine, methamphetamine, heroine, na marijuana bishobora gutera umwana uvukana ibiro bike, ubumuga bw'umutima, ndetse n'indwara yo kwiyima abana bato—indwara aho umwana agira ibimenyetso byo kureka kunywa itabi nyuma gato yo kuvuka. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha inshinge zisanzwe bifite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara zikomoka mu maraso.
Imiti
Imiti igurishwa mu kigo cyangwa igurishwa na muganga rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukora nk'imiti itera indwara. Ni ngombwa ko ugisha inama umuganga wawe mbere yo gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose cyangwa inyongeramusaruro. Buri gihe soma neza ibyapa byanditseho. Niba utazi neza umutekano w'umuti, hamagara muganga wawe vuba; ni byiza kwirinda kuwukoresha kugeza igihe ubonye uburenganzira bw'umuganga.
Ingero z'imiti ishobora gutera indwara zirimo:
- Imiti igabanya igicuri (AEDs)
- Imiti irwanya mikorobe
- Imiti igabanya amaraso (anticoagulant)
- Imiti irwanya tiroyide
- Vitamine A ifite dose nyinshi (iboneka mu mavuta amwe n'amwe yo kwisiga ku ruhu)
- Imiti ikoreshwa mu misemburo
Urugero, niba urwaye indwara nk'igicuri, ushobora gukenera imiti nka phenytoin. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza ingaruka n'inyungu kugira ngo wowe n'umwana wawe mukomeze kugira umutekano uko bishoboka kose mu gihe mucunga ibyo ukeneye mu buzima bwanyu.
Ingaruka z'imiti zishyirwa mu byiciro bite mu gihe cyo gutwita?
Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe cya Amerika (FDA) cyakoresheje uburyo bw'inyuguti (A, B, C, D, X) mu gushyira mu byiciro ibyago. Mu 2015, ibi byasimbuwe n'Itegeko ryo Gutwita no Konsa (PLLR). Iri tegeko ritanga amakuru arambuye kandi akungahaye ku miterere kugira ngo rifashe abakora mu by'ubuvuzi gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse neza ku barwayi batwite n'abonsa.
Intambwe y'ingenzi ni ukwiringira umuganga wawe ko azasuzuma umutekano w'imiti iyo ari yo yose hashingiwe ku miterere yawe yihariye y'ubuvuzi.
Indwara zandurira mu maraso na virusi
Indwara zandurira mu maraso, virusi, udukoko, n'indwara za bagiteri biteza akaga gakomeye kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe. Inyuguti ngufi 'TORCH' ifasha abaganga gushyira mu byiciro indwara zisanzwe zishobora gutera ibyago byinshi:
- T - Toxoplasmose (ikunze gukwirakwira binyuze mu gukora ku mwanda w'injangwe)
- O – Izindi ndwara (urugero, Itsinda rya B Streptococcus, Listeria, Candida, na STI)
- R – Rubela
- C - Virusi ya Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Virusi ya Herpes Simplex H - H
- Sirifi nayo iri muri iki cyiciro cy'ibyago.
Izindi ndwara na virusi zishobora gutera ingorane zirimo:
- Inkoko n'ibisebe
- Hepatite B, Hepatite C, n'indi miti itera umwijima iterwa na virusi
- agakoko gatera SIDA
- Indwara ya gatanu
Uburozi, imiti, n'ibintu bifatika bikomoka ku bidukikije
Imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu bidukikije n'uburozi bishobora gutera ubumuga bw'imiterere y'umubiri, harimo ibibazo nka Spina Bifida, Cleft Palate, cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi. Ingero z'ibyo bintu bibi birimo:
- Guhura n'imirasire (urugero, imirasire ya X) cyangwa kuvura kanseri (Chimiotherapie)
- Ubwogero bushyuha, sauna, cyangwa ibindi bintu bishyushya umubiri wawe
- Mercure (iboneka mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amafi)
- Uburoso (bukunze kugaragara mu irangi no mu miyoboro y'amazu ashaje)
- Ibinyabutabire cyangwa ibyuma biremereye biboneka mu kazi cyangwa mu nganda
Indwara zidakira
Indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira ushobora kuba ufite zishobora kongera ibyago byo kuvukana ubusembwa ku mwana wawe. Urugero, harimo Diyabete Mellitus, indwara za tiroyide, n'indwara ziterwa n'umubiri nka Lupus cyangwa Rumatisime. Muri ibi bihe, ibyago byinshi byo kwandura teratogens akenshi bituruka ku miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura izi ndwara cyangwa iyo indwara zidafashwe neza.
Ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe ku ndwara zose wari ufite mbere ndetse n'imiti ufata. Ushobora kuba ukeneye guhindura gahunda yo kuzivura indwara yawe idakira mu gihe utwite.
Ni ryari guhura n'imiti ya teratogens ari byo biteje akaga cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita?
Guhura n'imiti ya teratogens ni bibi mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gutwita. Ariko, ibyago biba byinshi cyane mu byumweru umunani bya mbere byo gutwita. Ibi biterwa nuko, muri iki gihe, ingingo nyinshi z'umwana wawe n'imitsi ye biba birimo gukura, bigatuma umwana uri mu nda yumva cyane ingaruka mbi za teratogens. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko teratogens zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo gusama.
Urugero, indwara zo mu miyoboro y'ubwonko (NTDs) ziba mbere y'icyumweru cya gatanu cyo gutwita. Umuyoboro w'ubwonko ni wo shingiro ry'ubwonko n'umugongo. Indwara zo mu miyoboro y'ubwonko (NTDs) ziba iyo umuyoboro w'ubwonko udafunze neza, ibyo bikaba byatera ubumuga butandukanye mu gihe cyo kuvuka.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubumuga bwo kuvukana buterwa na teratogens?
Teratogens izwiho gutera ubumuga bwinshi mu gihe umuntu avuka. Bimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara harimo:
- Ibibazo byo mu bwonko cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo, nka Anencephaly (aho ibice by'ubwonko cyangwa umutwe w'igihanga bitaba bihari)
- Ibitagenda neza ku mubiri cyangwa mu miterere y'umubiri, nko kubura amaguru n'amaboko cyangwa ibice by'umubiri bifite imiterere mibi
- Umunwa n'akanwa bipfutse
- Ibibazo byo mu mutwe cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi
- Ibibazo by'umutima cyangwa indwara z'umutima
Ni gute wakwirinda gutera teratogens mu gihe utwite?
Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda teratogens ni uguteganya igihe cyo gutwita mbere y'igihe uko bishoboka kose. Guteganya bigufasha kugenzura indwara zidakira no guhindura imibereho yawe, nko kureka kunywa itabi.
Ariko, ibi ntibishoboka buri gihe. Iyo utwite, hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura teratogen:
- Ganira na muganga wawe ku miti iyo ari yo yose ufata.
- Irinde itabi, inzoga, n'ibiyobyabwenge byihariye.
- Ntugafate imiti igabanya ubukana, imiti igurishwa mu kigo cyangwa imiti y’ibimera utabanje kugisha inama muganga wawe.
- Irinde gusukura udusanduku tw'imyanda kugira ngo wirinde kwandura udukoko tumwe na tumwe.
- Irinde ubwogero bushyushye, sauna, n'ikindi kintu cyose cyongera ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu mubiri wawe.
- Irinde kurya amafi arimo mercure nyinshi, nka tuna na swordfish.
- Vugana n'umuyobozi wawe cyangwa ishami rishinzwe abakozi ku byerekeye imiti ihumanya ikirere iboneka aho ukorera.
Ni ngombwa kugirana ikiganiro kidakuka kandi cyuzuye n'umuganga w'inzoga mu gihe cyose utwite. Ibi birimo kuba umunyakuri ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe kwemeza ko inda yawe ifite umutekano kandi ifite ubuzima bwiza. Ntugatinye kubaza muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira imiti iyo ari yo yose cyangwa inyongeramusaruro. Kwitonda cyane mu gihe utwite ni bwo buryo bwiza buri gihe.
Ibitekerezo bya nyuma byo kuzirikana
Kurinda umwana wawe indwara ya teratogens mu gihe atwite bifasha mu kwirinda ubusembwa avukana. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukumenya uburyo ibintu bimwe na bimwe byangiza bishobora kugera ku mwana wawe kandi bigagira ingaruka mbi ku mikurire ye. Kwirinda teratogens bifasha mu gutwita neza no guha umwana wawe intangiriro nziza mu buzima.
Vugana na muganga wawe nta gushishoza ku byerekeye imiti ufata, inzoga iyo ari yo yose, n'aho ukorera cyangwa aho utuye. Bashobora gusubiza ibibazo byawe ku birebana n'ibintu bishobora gutera ubusembwa mu gihe uvuka n'uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe ubwawe n'umwana wawe.
