Niba uri umubyeyi utwite, ushobora kuba utekereza cyane ku mutekano w'umwana wawe uri mu nda. Mu by'ukuri, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe uhura na byo mu gihe utwite bishobora kwangiza umwana wawe. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ibyo bintu, mu buvuzi twita 'teratogens'.

Iyi teratogen ni iki?

Muri make, teratogens ni ibintu, iyo binyowe cyangwa bihuye nabyo mu gihe utwite, bishobora gutera ibibazo mu nda yawe cyangwa mu mwana uri mu nda. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo imiti, imiti , indwara zimwe na zimwe, n'ibindi bintu by'uburozi . Teratogens zishobora kongera ibyago byo gukuramo inda , kubyara imburagihe, cyangwa no kubyara umwana wapfuye .

Ni gute akaga ka teratogen kamenyekana?

Ubu, uburyo bwo guhura n'ikiyobyabwenge cya teratogen buterwa n'ibintu byinshi:

• Nta kibazo cy’ubwoko bw’umuti, ikintu cyangwa uburozi. Si byose bigira ingaruka zimwe.
• Wamaze igihe kingana iki ubyibasiweho? Igihe gito, iminsi, amezi?
• Ingano (ingano cyangwa ingano) y'ibyangiritse. Ingano nto cyangwa nini?
• Igihe cyo gutwita ni umubare w'ibyumweru umwana yamaze mu nda igihe yashyirwaga mu nda. Ibi biterwa nuko hari igihe ingingo zitandukanye z'umwana zikura.
• Ibintu bikomoka ku nkomoko y'umwana bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyara. Hari igihe hashobora kubaho ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo.

Kubwibyo, ni byiza kwirinda ubwoko bw'iyi miti ya teratogens mu gihe cyose cyo gutwita uko bishoboka kose. Ariko, kuyikoresha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by'imikurire y'umwana bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyane .

Ni mu rugero rungana iki ibibazo byo kuvukana biterwa na teratogens?

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hagati ya 4% na 5% by'ubumuga umwana avukana buterwa no guhura n'imisemburo ya teratogens. Kandi byagaragaye ko guhura n'iyi teratogens bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana mu bwenge no ku mubiri . Rero, iki si ikintu cyo gufatanwa uburemere, si byo se?

Ni izihe ngero za teratogens?

Teratogens ni ibintu bishobora kwangiza umwana mu gihe atwite. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko bishobora gutera ubusembwa mu gihe avuka, byongera ibyago byo gukuramo inda, kubyara umwana wapfuye, cyangwa izindi ngorane zo gutwita . Reka turebe zimwe mu ngero z'ingenzi.

Inzoga, itabi, n'ibiyobyabwenge byo kwidagadura

Ubu ni ubwoko bwa teratogens abantu benshi bazi.

• Inzoga: Inzoga zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yo hagati y'umwana. Kunywa inzoga mu gihe utwite byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yitwa Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Ibi bishobora gutuma umwana agira imiterere idasanzwe mu maso, umutwe muto n'ubwonko, hamwe n'ibindi bibazo by'umubiri n'imyitwarire.

Nta ngano y'inzoga ishobora gufatwa nk'aho idafite ingaruka mbi mu gihe cyo gutwita.

• Itabi: Kunywa itabi bishobora gutuma umwana adakura neza, umwana avuka afite ibiro bike, no gukuramo inda. Kunywa itabi byangiza kandi ibihaha n'ubwonko by'umwana.
• Ibiyobyabwenge: Ibiyobyabwenge nka kokayine, methamphetamine, heroine, na marijuana bikoreshwa mu gihe utwite bishobora gutera umwana utwite ibiro bike, ibibazo by'umutima, ndetse n'indwara yitwa Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Kureka ibiyobyabwenge ni ububabare bubaho iyo umwana avutse. Nanone, gusangira inshinge bishobora gutera indwara.

Imiti

Imiti imwe n'imwe igurishwa mu kigo cyangwa igurishwa na muganga ifatwa nk'imiti iteratogens. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata. Mu gihe uguze imiti cyangwa inyongeramusaruro zigurishwa mu kigo cyangwa mu kigo, soma neza ku rupapuro rwanditseho. Niba ufite impungenge ku mutekano w'ikintu runaka, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya. Ni byiza kureka kugikoresha kugeza igihe ubonye inama ze.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'imiti ishobora gutera indwara ya teratogenic ni izi:

• Imiti igabanya igicuri (AEDs)
• Imiti irwanya mikorobe
• Imiti igabanya amaraso (anticoagulant)
• Imiti irwanya tiroyide
• Vitamine A (ikunze kugaragara mu mavuta amwe n'amwe yo kwisiga ku ruhu)
• Imiti ikoreshwa mu misemburo

Tekereza, urwaye igicuri, hanyuma ugafata umuti nka `(Phenytoin)` kuri yo. Ushobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mwana, ariko uwo muti ushobora kuba ingenzi ku buzima bwawe. Mu bihe nk'ibi, abaganga bapima ibyiza n'ibibi byo gufata umuti bagafata ibyemezo bifite ingaruka nke mu gihe utwite.

Umutekano w'imiti ushyirwa mu byiciro bite mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (FDA) cyashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ingaruka z'imiti mu gihe cyo gutwita. Cyari gifite ibyiciro bitanu: A, B, C, D, na X.

Mu 2015, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwitwa Itegeko ryo Gutwita no Kubyara (PLLR). Ibi byakuyeho ibyiciro by'inyuguti byari bisanzweho. Uburyo bwa PLLR buha abaganga amakuru bakeneye kugira ngo bafate ibyemezo mu gihe bavura ababyeyi batwite cyangwa bonsa. Buzirikana ibintu byinshi kandi butanga amakuru mu buryo bwiza ku baganga.

Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukureka umuganga wawe utwite agahitamo umuti ujyanye n'umutekano w'umuti akurikije ubuhanga bwe.

Indwara zandurira mu maraso na virusi

Indwara zandurira mu maraso, virusi, udukoko, n'izindi ndwara za bagiteri bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye ku mugore utwite n'umwana we uri mu nda. Inyuguti ngufi `(TORCH)` ifasha mu gushyira zimwe muri izi ndwara mu byiciro:

• T – `(Toxoplasmose)` (ubwandu bukwirakwizwa n'amabyi y'injangwe)
• O – Izindi ndwara – urugero, Streptococcus yo mu itsinda rya B, Listeria, Candida n'indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs).
• R – `(Rubella)` (Rubella)
• C – `(Cytomegalovirus – CMV)` (Cytomegalovirus)
• H – `(Virusi ya Herpes Simplex)` (Virusi ya Herpes Simplex)
• Uretse ibi, indwara nka `(Syphilis)` nazo zishobora kugaragara muri iki cyiciro.

Izindi ndwara na virusi zishobora gutera ingorane mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa ibibazo ku mwana birimo:

• Inkoko n'ibisebe
• Hepatite B, Hepatite C n'izindi hepatite ziterwa na virusi
• VIH `(VIH)`
• Indwara ya gatanu

Uburozi, imiti, cyangwa ibindi bintu bifatika bikomoka ku bidukikije

Ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe n'uburozi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kuvukana. Ibi bibazo byo kuvukana bishobora kuba birimo spina bifida, cleft palate, cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi. Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ubu burozi cyangwa ibinyabutabire birimo:

• Guhura n'imirasire (urugero, ituruka kuri X-rays) cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti
• Ubwogero bushyuha, sauna, cyangwa ibindi bintu bishyushya umubiri wawe byongera ubushyuhe
• Mercure (iboneka mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amafi)
• Uburoso (buboneka mu irangi no mu miyoboro mu mazu ashaje)
• Uburozi cyangwa ibyuma biremereye mu kazi cyangwa mu nganda zikora

Indwara zidakira

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira ufite zishobora kongera ibyago byo kuvukana umwana wawe. Urugero, harimo diyabete, indwara ya tiroyide, n'indwara ziterwa n'umubiri nka lupus cyangwa rubagimpande. Ingaruka zo kwiyongera kw'ibyago byo kwandura teratogens akenshi zituruka ku miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura izi ndwara, cyangwa indwara zidacunzwe neza.

Ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe ku ndwara zose warwaye mbere ndetse n'imiti ufata kuri zo. Ushobora kandi gukenera guhindura uburyo witwara mu ndwara zawe zidakira mu gihe utwite.

Ni ryari guhura n'imiti ya teratogens mu gihe cyo gutwita biba bibi cyane?

Guhura n'imiti ya teratogens ni bibi igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ariko, ibyago biriyongeraho gato mu byumweru umunani bya mbere byo gutwita. Ibi biterwa nuko ingingo nyinshi z'umwana n'imikorere ye biba birimo gukura muri iki gihe, bigatuma umwana yumva ingaruka mbi za teratogens. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko teratogens zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo gusama, iyo intanga ngabo zivanze n'igi.

Urugero, indwara zo mu miyoboro y'ubwonko (NTDs) ziba mbere y'ibyumweru bitanu byo gutwita. Umuyoboro w'ubwonko niho ubwonko n'umugongo bibera. Indwara zo mu miyoboro y'ubwonko zidafunze neza. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye zo kuvukana.

Ni izihe ngorane teratogens zitera mu gihe cyo kuvuka?

Teratogens izwiho gutera ubumuga bwinshi mu gihe umuntu avuka. Zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• Ibibazo ku bwonko cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo, urugero, kubura igice cy'ubwonko cyangwa burundu (anencephaly)
• Ubusembwa bw'umubiri cyangwa imiterere y'umubiri, urugero, amagufwa mato cyangwa ibice by'umubiri bibura
• Umunwa n'akanwa bipfutse
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi (ubumuga bwo gutekereza)
• Indwara z'umutima cyangwa indwara z'umutima

Ni gute wakwirinda gutera teratogens mu gihe utwite?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda teratogens ni ugutegura mbere y'igihe, niba bishoboka. Mu gihe uteganya gutwita, ushobora kwihanganira indwara zidakira no guhindura imibereho yawe, nko kureka kunywa itabi.

Ariko, ibi ntibishoboka buri gihe. Iyo utwite, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura teratogens:

• Vugana na muganga wawe ku miti iyo ari yo yose ufata.
• Irinde burundu kunywa itabi, inzoga, n'ibiyobyabwenge.
• Ntugafate imiti igabanya ubukana bw'intungamubiri, imiti igurishwa mu kigo, cyangwa imiti yanditswe na muganga utabanje kugisha inama muganga wawe.
• Irinde gusukura udusanduku tw'imyanda y'injangwe.
• Irinde ubwogero bushyushye, sauna, n'ikindi kintu cyose cyongera ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu mubiri wawe.
• Irinde kurya amafi arimo mercure nyinshi, nka tuna na swordfish.
• Vugana n'umuyobozi wawe cyangwa ishami rishinzwe abakozi ku byerekeye imiti yangiza ikoreshwa mu kazi kawe.

Ni ngombwa kuba inyangamugayo no kuvugisha ukuri ku bijyanye n'inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge urimo gukoresha. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe gutwita neza kandi mu mutekano. Ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe mbere yo gufata imiti cyangwa inyongeramusaruro iyo ari yo yose. Ni byiza kwitonda cyane mu gihe utwite.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Kurinda umwana wawe uri mu nda kwandura teratogens mu gihe utwite bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda ubusembwa bwo kuvuka. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukumenya ko hari ibintu byangiza bishobora kwanduza umwana wawe uri mu nda bikagira ingaruka mbi ku mikurire ye. Kwirinda teratogens bishobora gufasha umwana wawe gutwita neza no gutangira ubuzima bwiza.

Vugana na muganga wawe nta guhishanya ku bijyanye n'imiti ufata, inzoga unywa, n'imimerere yo ku kazi cyangwa aho utuye. Ashobora gusubiza ibibazo byawe ku birebana n'ibishobora gutera ubusembwa mu gihe uvuka n'uburyo bwo kwirinda wowe ubwawe n'umwana wawe.