Ibintu ukeneye kumenya kuri Thalassemia

Ese wigeze wumva umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa umuntu uzi avuga ko afite "amaraso make"? Hari igihe yumva ananiwe igihe cyose, uruhu rwe rugasa n'urujijo kandi rusa n'urujijo. Ese ibi byaba ari amaraso make asanzwe? Yego, bishobora kuba atari ibisanzwe, bishobora kuba indwara y'amaraso ivukanwa yitwa thalassemia. Ntugatinye iyo wumvise iri zina. Iyi si indwara yandura. Reka tuvuge kuri byose mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse.

Thalassemia ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, thalassemia ni indwara y'amaraso dukura ku babyeyi bacu. Umuntu ufite iyi ndwara aba afite uturemangingo dutukura tudahagije ndetse na poroteyine yitwa hemoglobine .

Tekereza kuri ibi, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ni serivisi yo gutwara umwuka uhumeka mu mibiri yacu yose. Hemoglobini ni nk'agasanduku kabigenewe gapakiye uwo mwuka uhumeka ukawutwara. Ku muntu urwaye thalassemia, utu dukoresho two gutwara (uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso) n'udusanduku twa ogisijeni (hemoglobini) tuba tudafite ingano, cyangwa hari inenge muri two. Rero, si ibice byose by'umubiri bibona umwuka uhagije. Ibi kandi tubyita anemia .

Thalassemia ifite amazina menshi atandukanye. Ushobora kuba warumvise aya mazina:

• Alpha thalassemia
• Beta thalassemia
• Indwara yo kubura amaraso ya Cooley
• Kubura amaraso mu nyanja ya Mediterane

Ni gute thalassemia ikura? Ni nde uri mu kaga?

Thalassemia si indwara dushobora kwandura binyuze mu biryo, amazi, cyangwa undi muntu. Ni indwara ihererekanywa kuva ku babyeyi kugeza ku bana binyuze mu turemangingo tw’umubiri.

Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi bigize poroteyine yitwa hemoglobin. Ni alpha globin na beta globin. "Resipi" yo gukora ibi iri mu turemangingo twacu. Iyo habayeho ikosa muri utu turemangingo (ikosa muri resept), umubiri ntuzashobora gukora hemoglobin nziza uko bikenewe.

• Niba uvukana gene ifite inenge iturutse ku mubyeyi umwe gusa: Ushobora kuba uri umuntu uyifite. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kuba nta bimenyetso ufite cyangwa bike cyane, ariko ushobora guha abana bawe gene ifite inenge.
• Niba uvukana utunyangingo tw’umubiri dufite inenge duturutse ku babyeyi bombi: Ushobora kugira thalassemia yoroheje, iri hagati, cyangwa ikomeye.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu bantu bo mu bihugu bya Aziya nka Sri Lanka, u Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, Afurika, n'ibihugu byo mu nyanja ya Mediterane nk'Ubugereki na Turukiya.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa thalassemia?

Thalassemia igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi, bitewe n'igice cya formula ya hemoglobine gifite inenge.

Ubwoko bw'indwara ya Alpha Thalassemia

• Imiterere y'iyi ndwara: Ifite gene imwe ifite inenge. Nta bimenyetso.
• Alpha Thalassemia Minor: Ifite uturemangingo 2 dufite inenge. Ibimenyetso ntibibaho cyangwa ntibikomeye cyane.
• Indwara ya Hemoglobin H: Ifite uturemangingo 3 dufite inenge. Ibimenyetso biri hagati kugeza ku bikomeye.
• Alpha Thalassemia Major: Kugira uturemangingo 4 twose dufite inenge. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane. Umwana akunda gupfira mu nda cyangwa nyuma gato yo kuvuka.

Ubwoko bw'indwara ya Beta Thalassemia

• Beta Thalassemia Minor: Ifite gene imwe ifite inenge. Nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane (imiterere y'iyi gene).
• Beta Thalassemia Intermedia: Ifite uturemangingo 2 dufite inenge. Ibimenyetso biri hagati.
• Beta Thalassemia Major / Cooley's Anemia: Kuba hari uturemangingo tubiri dufite inenge. Iyi ni indwara ifite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya thalassemia?

Ibimenyetso biterwa n'ubwoko bwa thalassemia ufite n'ubukana bwayo. Hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato. Mu bwoko bukomeye, ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara umwana atarageza ku myaka 2.

Ibi ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Umunaniro ukabije n'umunaniro ukabije
• Kugorwa no guhumeka , guhumeka
• Kuzungera no kugira intege nke
• Uruhu rwerurutse cyangwa rw'umuhondo
• Inkari zijimye
• Gukunda kurya
• Gukura nabi no gutinda mu bwana mu bana
• Imiterere idasanzwe yo mu maso (cyane cyane agahanga n'amagufwa bigaragara)
• Inda igaragara (iterwa n'umwijima cyangwa urwagashya)
• Kuribwa umutwe kenshi
• Gucika intege kw'amagufwa no kuvunika byoroshye

Wamenya ute ko ufite thalassemia?

Ubusanzwe, iyo udafite ibimenyetso, iyo ndwara ishobora kuboneka mu buryo bw’impanuka mu gihe cyo gupimwa amaraso ku yindi mpamvu. Iyo ufite ibimenyetso, muganga wawe azagusuzuma akakubaza amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe.

Nyuma yibyo, ni byiza gukora ibizamini byihariye by'amaraso, urugero:

• Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC): Ibi bipima ingano y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso na hemoglobin mu maraso. Ibi akenshi biba bike ku barwayi ba thalassemia.
• Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Ibi bishobora kumenya neza ubwoko bwa hemoglobine iri mu maraso yawe n'ingano ya buri imwe.
• Gupima Genetic: Iki kizamini gifasha kumenya neza ubwoko bwa thalassemia ufite.

Gusuzuma igihe utwite

Niba wowe cyangwa uwo mwashakanye mufite thalassemia, mushobora gupima umwana wanyu indwara mbere yuko avuka.

• Gupima Virusi ya Chorionic (CVS): Icyitegererezo gito cya placenta gifatwa kikapimwa mu byumweru bigera kuri 11 by'inda.
• Amniocentesis: Mu byumweru bigera kuri 16 byo gutwita, hafatwa icyitegererezo cy'amazi y'imyororokere akikije umwana hanyuma kigapimwa.

Iyo iki kibazo kimenyekanye, uzoherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura thalassemia?

Uburyo bwo kuvurwa buterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara. Umuntu ufite indwara yoroheje nka thalassemia minor ashobora kudakenera kuvurwa, ariko indwara zikomeye zisaba kuvurwa ubuzima bwe bwose.

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ni ubu:

1. Guterwa amaraso

Abarwayi bafite thalassemia ikomeye bakeneye guterwa amaraso kugira ngo babone uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso na hemoglobine nziza. Akenshi bagomba guterwa amaraso buri byumweru 2-4 . Ibi bibaha imbaraga zo gukomeza imirimo yabo isanzwe nta mananiza.

2. Ubuvuzi bwa Chelation

Bitewe no gutanga amaraso kenshi n'indwara, ingano y'icyuma mu mubiri ishobora kwiyongera bitari ngombwa. Ibi tubyita "Uburemere bw'icyuma." Ubu butare bw'inyongera bushobora kwirundanya mu ngingo z'ingenzi nk'umutima n'umwijima bikabyangiza.

3. Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura

• Gutera uturemangingo tw’amagufwa cyangwa uturemangingo tw’amagufwa: Gutera uturemangingo tw’amagufwa uvuye ku muntu muzima bishobora gukiza burundu thalassemia. Ariko, ibi ntibikunze gukorwa bitewe n’ingaruka n’ingorane zo kubona utwo dutanga.
• Kubagwa: Hari abarwayi bafite urwagashya rwinshi, bikaba bisaba kubagwa (splenectomy).
• Imiti: Imiti nka `Luspatercept (Reblozyl)` na `Hydroxyurea` ikoreshwa mu gufasha gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso no kugenzura ibimenyetso.
• Inyongeramusaruro: Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora vitamine nka aside folique, ifasha mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Ariko, ntugafate inyongeramusaruro za feri udafite inama ya muganga ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose.

Nigute wabaho neza ufite thalassemia?

Kwita kuri ibi bintu ni ingenzi cyane ku muntu ubana n'indwara ya thalassemia kugira ngo agire ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

• Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe: Kurikiza uburyo muganga wawe yakwivuza neza nk'uko byategetswe, ku gihe, kandi wibuke kujya kwa muganga.
• Indyo nziza: Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto n'imboga nyinshi. Baza muganga wawe niba ukeneye kugabanya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri feri (inyama, amafi, ibinyamisogwe) n'ibiryo birimo feri.
• Fata urukingo: Fata inkingo zose zatanzwe na muganga wawe, cyane cyane izimeze nk'iziterwa n'ibicurane, kuko ushobora kuba uri mu kaga ko kwandura indwara nyinshi.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri:Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje ijyanye n'umubiri wawe. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye na byo.
• Isuku: Irinde abantu barwaye. Karaba intoki zawe kenshi.
• Irinde kunywa itabi n'inzoga: Ibi ni bibi ku mutima no mu magufwa yawe.
• Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Kubana n'indwara idakira bishobora kugufasha cyane mu byiyumvo. Niba wumva ufite stress cyangwa agahinda, vugana n'umuryango, inshuti, cyangwa umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .