Mapapu ako ari kunetseka here kufema? Ngatidzidzei nezvechirwere ichi chine njodzi cheARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)!

Wakamboona zvakaoma kufema kamwe kamwe, uchinzwa sekuti chipfuva chako chakamanikana here? Kana kuti unoyeuka here nguva apo mumwe munhu waunoziva akangoerekana arwara zvikuru, akatadza kufema zvakanaka ndokupinda muchipatara chevarwere vakanyanya kurwara (ICU)? Pamwe chikonzero chacho chaive chirwere chinonzi ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) . Izvi zvakakomba zvishoma, asi kana wakaziviswa zvakanaka, zviri nyore kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Ngatitaurei nezveizvi zvakadzama, handiti?

Chii chinonzi ARDS? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ARDS chirwere chakakomba chinokanganisa mapapu edu. Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi: Mapapu edu ane tumasagi tudiki twemhepo (tunonzi alveoli). Takaita semazambiringa madiki pamuzambiringa. Patinofema, tumasagi tudiki twemhepo tunotora okisijeni kubva mumhepo toiburitsa muropa. Asi kana ARDS yaitika, tumasagi tudiki twemhepo tunozadzwa nemvura. Zvakaita sebharumu rine mvura. Ipapo mapapu haakwanise kuzadza nemhepo zvakanaka, uye huwandu hweokisijeni hunopinda muropa hunoderera zvakanyanya. Tinodana izvi kuti hypoxia. Vanachiremba vanowanzoisa ARDS muzvikamu sezvidiki, zvine mwero, kana zvakakomba . Zvinoonekwa nekuenzanisa huwandu hweokisijeni muropa nehuwandu hweokisijeni hunofanira kuendeswa padanho iroro. ARDS inogonawo kukonzera kuti dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha dzakadai seuropi hwedu, moyo, itsvo, uye ura dzisawane okisijeni yadzinoda. Saka, ARDS chirwere chine njodzi chinogona kutoisa hupenyu panjodzi. ARDS inowanzo itika kana mumwe munhu ari kurapwa muchipatara nekuda kwechimwe chirwere, chirwere, kana tsaona. Zvisinei, kana ukava nezviratidzo izvi kumba, zvakakosha kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza.

Pane matanho matatu eARDS here?

Vanachiremba dzimwe nguva vanopatsanura ARDS muzvikamu zvitatu: Exudative, Proliferative, uye Fibrotic. Izvi zvinonyanya kureva mwero wekuzvimba uye kuungana kwemvura mumapapu, uye nzira iyo mapapu anotanga kupora nayo. Haasi munhu wese anofambira mberi kuDanho rechitatu. Danho iri rinosanganisira mavanga emapapu (`(Lung fibrosis)`) uye kudiwa kwemhepo inofefetera nguva dzose.

ARDS yakajairika zvakadii?

Ichi chirwere chakakomba. Chinobata vanhu vanosvika 200,000 pagore muUnited States chete. Pasi rose, chinobata vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni matatu pagore. ARDS ndiyo inokonzera vanhu vanosvika 10% vanopinda muchikamu chevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya (ICU). Ndiyo zvakare inokonzera vanhu vanosvika 25% vanopinda muchipatara vachibatsirwa nemechanical emota.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveARDS? Unozviziva sei?

Zviratidzo zveARDS zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechikonzero, kuoma kwechirwere ichi, uye chero chirwere chemapapu kana chemwoyo chauinacho. Zviratidzo zvikuru ndeizvi:

• Kuoma kukuru kwekufema :Zvinoita sekunge haugone kufema, sekunge uri kudzipwa.
• Kufema nekukurumidza uye kwakaoma: Kufema nesimba guru, sekunge uri kufema nehasha.
• Kurova kwemoyo kunowedzera.
• Kuchinja ruvara rwebhuruu rwenzara nemiromo: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushomeka kweokisijeni muropa.

Fungidzira, VaNalin vakabatwa nefivha yakanyanya uye kukosora kwemazuva maviri. Kamwe kamwe, vakaomerwa nekufema, chipfuva chavo chakaita sekunge chakaoma. Mudzimai wavo akaona kuti nzara dzake dzakanga dzava kuita bhuruu. Pavakamhanyira kuchipatara, vanachiremba vakati zvinogona kunge zviri ARDS .

ARDS inogona kukura mukati memaawa kusvika kumazuva kubva pakaitika chiitiko ichi, uye inogonawo kuipa nekukurumidza.

Ndezvipi zvinokonzera ARDS?

Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera ARDS. Ngatitarisei zvikuru:

• Sepsis : Chikonzero chikuru cheARDS chirwere chinonzi sepsis. Chirwere ichi chinogona kuitika kana utachiona hwakanyanya mumapapu ako (senge pneumonia ) kana hutachiona mune imwe nhengo yemuviri hukapararira mumuviri wako wese, zvichikonzera kuzvimba kwakanyanya.
• Pneumonia yekufema : Kana zviri mudumbu (chikafu, mvura) zvikapinda mumapapu, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwemapapu uye ARDS. Izvi zvinoitika kana chimwe chinhu chatinodya kana kunwa chikapinda mumhepo. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kune munhu asina chaanoziva kana kuti akwegura.
• Kuwedzerwa ropa: Pane njodzi yeARDS kana ukapihwa ropa rinodarika mayuniti gumi nemashanu munguva pfupi.
• Covid-19 `( COVID-19 )`: Virusi reCovid-19 rinogona kukonzera ARDS dzakakomba.
• Pancreatitis : Kuzvimba kwakanyanya kwepancreas.
• Njodzi huru kana kutsva: Njodzi nekudonha zvinogona kukuvadza mapapu zvakananga, kana kuti zvinogona kukuvadza dzimwe nhengo mumuviri uye kukonzera kuzvimba kwakanyanya mumapapu.
• Kukuvara kwekufema: Kufema utsi hwemakemikari kana utsi hwakanyanya kuzara.
• Kunwa zvinodhaka zvakanyanya: Kutora zvinodhaka zvakawandisa, zvakaita secocaine kana opioid.
• Kunyura kana kuti kuda kunyura: Paunonyura, mvura inopinda mumapapu ako yoakuvadza.

Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa neARDS?

ARDS inowanzoonekwa muvanhu vakatove muchipatara nekuda kwetsaona kana kurwara. Zvisinei, hazvirevi kuti uchava nayo nekuti uri muchipatara chete. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowedzera njodzi yako:

• Kuva nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa.
• Kusvuta fodya (kusvuta fodya).
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka.
• Kuva nechirwere chemapapu chagara chiripo.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kweARDS?

ARDS inogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana, muchipatara uye mushure mekudzokera kumba. Mamwe acho ndeaya:

• Kuvhara ropa kana deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Pneumothorax: Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kunoitwa nemuchina wekufema pamapapu akakuvara uye akaomarara.
• Kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa: Kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa.
• Kukundikana kwemitezo yakawanda .
• Kushaya simba kwetsandanyama.
• Mavanga emapapu kana kuti fibrosis.
• Dambudziko rePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Matambudziko epfungwa akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo .

Unoona sei ARDS? (Kuongororwa)

Vanachiremba vanoongorora chirwere cheARDS zvichibva pakuongororwa kwemuviri uye mhedzisiro yemiedzo yakasiyana-siyana. Nekuti zviratidzo zveARDS zvakafanana nezvezvirwere zvemapapu kana zvemwoyo, chiremba anofanirawo kubvisa zvimwe zvinokonzera. Chiremba anogona kuraira musanganiswa wemiedzo, yakaita se:

• X-ray yechipfuva: Kuona kuti mvura yakawanda sei iri mumapapu.
• Kuongororwa kweropa: Kunoyera mwero weokisijeni muropa uye kunoongorora kuoma kweARDS.
• Echocardiogram (ultrasound test yemoyo): Ona kuti moyo uri kushanda sei.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Inoyera mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo.
• Sensor yemunwe `(Pulse oximetry)`: Ramba uchitarisa huwandu hweokisijeni.
• Kuongororwa kweCT (Computed Tomography - CT scan): Wana rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemapapu.
• Kutora sampuli yezvinobuda mutsinga dzekufema: Tsvaga chikonzero chehutachiona.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa zveARDS?

Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa ARDS ndechekuwedzera huwandu hweokisijeni muropa uye kudzivirira kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwenhengo. Vanhu vane ARDS vangada mechanical ventilator uye/kana oxygen therapy kuti vawedzere huwandu hweokisijeni muropa. Vangadawo rubatsiro rwekuvhura nzira dzekufema dzakavharirwa nekukuvara. Chiremba wako anogona kutora matanho ekuderedza matambudziko eARDS, akadai se:

• Kupa mapiritsi ekurara (kunyaradza) kuti abatsire kudzora marwadzo uye kuti agare akadzikama.
• Pane kukutenderedza musoro, zviise panzvimbo yakapfava. Izvi zvinovandudza kuyerera kweokisijeni.
• Ita bvunzo dzekufema uye ona nguva yakakodzera yekubvisa chubhu nemhepo inofema.
• Kupa mishonga yekuderedza ropa kudzivirira kuumbwa kweropa.
• Kupa mushonga wekubvisa mvura yakawandisa mumuviri.
• Kupa mushonga wekuderedza kuungana kwemvura mumapapu.
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopiwa kudzivirira hutachiona kana kurapa hutachiona huripo.
• Ita mafambiro anoshanda uye kurapa muviri kudzivirira kushaya simba kwetsandanyama.
• Kutumirwa kune mapurogiramu ekugadzirisa mapapu kuti asimbise mapapu uye kuwedzera kugona kwemapapu.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti munhu apore kubva kuARDS? Mwero wekupora wakaita sei?

Zvinoenderana nekuoma kwechirwere uye kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti mapapu emunhu apore. Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti zvinowanzotora mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika pagore kuti mashandiro emapapu adzoke mushure meARDS. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu havambopore zvizere. Mwero wekurarama kweARDS ungangoita 55% kusvika 70% , kana ukarapwa nekukurumidza. Mwero wekurarama unoderera kana kurapwa kunonoka kana dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri dzikatanga kutadza kushanda. Kufanotaura kwako kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita semamiriro ako ehutano, nhoroondo yehutano, uye kuoma kwekutambudzika kwako kwekufema. Chiremba wako achakurukura newe izvi.

ARDS inogona kudzivirirwa here?

Hapana nzira chaiyo yekudzivirira ARDS. Zvisinei, kana uine zviratidzo zvekupererwa nemhepo, kana kuti uine kukuvara kwemapapu kana chimwe chirwere, kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuti chirwere chacho chisanyanya kuipa. Kudzivisa kusvuta uye kuderedza kunwa doro kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekubatwa neARDS yakakomba.

Hupenyu hwakaita sei mushure meARDS? Chii chatinofanira kuziva?

ARDS inogona kutyisidzira hupenyu uye kutyisa. Asi nekurapwa kuri nani uye rutsigiro rwekufema (kunyanya kutsamwisa varwere kuti vavandudze kuendeswa kweokisijeni), vanhu vakawanda vari kupona iye zvino, uye matambudziko eARDS ari kudzikira. Vanhu vari pasi pemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu nevaya vanowana ARDS mushure metsaona kana kuwedzerwa ropa vanowanzova netariro iri nani. Kupora kubva kuARDS kunogona kutora nguva yakareba. Vanhu vazhinji vanobviswa mufefetera vanokwanisa kufema vakasununguka. Vamwe vanopora zvachose, asi vamwe vanogona kuva nematambudziko emapapu asingaperi. Vanoda kutarisirwa nachiremba wemapapu (pulmonologist).

"Amai vangu vakabatwa neARDS uye vakagara muchipatara kwemwedzi yakati wandei. Kunyangwe mushure mekudzoka kumba, vakanga vaneta zvikuru. Vaisakwanisa kuita kunyange mabasa madiki diki. Asi mushure mekutevera mirairo yavanachiremba nekuita physiotherapy, vari kuvandudzika zvishoma nezvishoma. Panguva ino, rutsigiro nerudo rwemhuri yavo zvakakosha zvikuru."

Hupenyu mushure meARDS hunogona kuva hwakaoma. Iva nemoyo murefu uye tsvaga rutsigiro kubva kumhuri neshamwari sezvaunopora. Ungangodawo rubatsiro mumabasa ezuva nezuva kusvika mapapu ako apora. Taura nachiremba wako nezvemapoka ekutsigira kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukubatsira kuti uwanezve simba rako.

Chii chiri kubatana pakati peCOVID-19 neARDS?

Izvi hazvina kufanana. Munhu ane COVID-19 anogona kubatwa neARDS kana hutachiona hwasvika mumapapu. Vaongorori vanoti mwero wekurarama kwemunhu ane COVID-19 neARDS ungangoita 50% kusvika 60%. Asi izvi zvinoenderanawo nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita senhoroondo yehutano nezvimwe zvirwere. Kupedza nguva muchikamu chevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya (ICU) kunogona kuva chiitiko chinoshungurudza uye chakaoma. Vanhu vanopora kubva kuARDS vangasakwanisa kudzokera kuhupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ese nekukurumidza, saka zvechokwadi unoda rutsigiro. Zvakakosha kuwana rubatsiro rwenyanzvi nemazano panguva yekupora kwako kubva kuARDS. Bvunza timu yako yezvekurapa nezvezvirongwa zvekupora mushure mevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya uye mapoka ekutsigira online munharaunda yako.

Chinonyanya Kukosha: Zvinhu Zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba)

Zvakanaka, saka hezvino zvinhu zvishoma zvaunofanira kuyeuka kubva pane zvatataura nezvazvo:

• ARDS chirwere chakakomba chinokonzera kukuvara kwemapapu. Mabhegi emhepo ari mumapapu anozadzwa nemvura, zvichideredza huwandu hweokisijeni hunogona kusvika muropa.
• Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita sekuoma kufema zvakanyanya, kufema nekukurumidza, kana nzara/miromo yebhuruu, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
• ARDS inogona kukonzera zvinhu zvakawanda. Sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19, uye tsaona dzakakomba ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero izvi.
• Kurapa kunosanganisira okisijeni, rutsigiro rwekufema, uye kutarisira matambudziko .
• Zvinotora nguva kuti munhu apore, uye vamwe vanhu vanogona kuva nematambudziko emapapu kwenguva refu.
• Kurapwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwakanaka zvakakosha zvikuru kuponesa hupenyu uye kuderedza matambudziko.
• Rutsigiro kubva kumhuri nenzanga rwakakosha kune munhu ari kupora kubva kuARDS.

Rangarirai, zvakakosha kuziva nezvechirwere ichi. Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva akasangana nezviratidzo izvi, musavhunduka kana kutya, asi onai chiremba nekukasika. Nenzira iyi, munogona kutanga kurapwa kwakakodzera nekukurumidza.