Pamwe wakambonzwa zita rekuti bipolar disorder . Asi harisi kungochinja-chinja kwemanzwiro chete. Idambudziko rehutano rine chirwere chakananga uye kurapwa kwaro. Asi unoziva here kuti pfungwa yechirwere chatinochidana nhasi yakabva sei? Pane nyaya inonakidza kwazvo inodzokera shure kwezviuru zvemakore. Ngatitaurei zvishoma nezvenyaya iyoyo nhasi.
Mazano kubva kare kare
Nyaya iyi inotangira muGirisi yekare. Hippocrates, anozivikanwa kwatiri sa "baba vemishonga," ndiye akatanga kunyora izvi. Ndiye akatanga kuona kuti vanhu vane zvinhu zviviri zvakanyanyisa mumanzwiro avo. Chimwe ndechekusuruvara zvakanyanya uye kuzvidya mwoyo . Nhasi tinoti izvi kuora mwoyo . Chimwe simba rakawandisa uye chido . Nhasi tinoti izvi kupenga .
Panguva iyoyo, Hippocrates aifunga kuti zvinhu izvi zvaikonzerwa nekuchinja kwemvura (bilie) mumuviri.
- Kusuruvara: Akati kusuruvara kwakanyanya kunobva pakuwedzera kwe " nyongo nhema." "Melas" zvinoreva nhema, uye "chole" zvinoreva nyongo.
- Mania: Aifunga kuti simba rakawandisa raibva pakuwedzera kwe "yellow bile."
Zvadaro, mumwe chiremba wechiGiriki ainzi Aretaeus wekuKapadhokiya, uyo akararama muzana remakore rekutanga, akaenderera mberi nepfungwa iyi. Ndiye akataura kuti kusuruvara kwakanyanya uku nesimba rakawandisa zvinogona kuva zvinhu zviviri zvakanyanyisa zvepfungwa imwe chete. Ndiye akatangawo kutaura kuti mamiriro ese ari maviri aive nechekuita nedambudziko muuropi . Ichi chaive chinhu chikuru chakawanikwa panguva iyoyo.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vanachiremba vanga vachiedza kunzwisisa pfungwa yekuti mamiriro aya haasi kungonzwa kusuruvara kana mufaro chete, asi ane chekuita nekuchinja kwemuviri kunoitika mumuviri, kunyanya uropi.
Kuora mwoyo uye kupenga zvinhu zviviri zvakafanana here?
Kwemazana emakore, vanachiremba vaifunga kuti kuora mwoyo uye kurwara nepfungwa dzaive zvirwere zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose. Asi pakati pezana remakore rechi19, vanachiremba vaviri vepfungwa vekuFrance vakachinja pfungwa iyi.
- Jean-Pierre Falret: Ndiye akatanga kutaura kuti chirwere ichi chaive chimwe chete, kuti chaiuya nematanho. Akachidana kuti "folie circulaire" (cyclic madness). Pfungwa yake yaive yekuti munhu anogona kuva nekuora mwoyo, ozove munhuwo zvake kwenguva yakati, ozotanga kuva nepfungwa dzinopenga. Kutenderera uku kunoenderera mberi.
- Jules Baillarger:Mumwe chiremba wekuFrance wepanguva imwe cheteyo akati yaive nguva yekuchinja-chinja, asi pakanga pasina nguva yakajairika pakati pekuora mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo , uye kuti kana chimwe changopera, chimwe chaibva chatanga.
Panguva iyi, chiremba wekuGermany anonzi Emil Kraepelin, aionekwa se "baba vekurapa kwepfungwa dzemazuva ano," akabatanidza pfungwa idzi dzese ndokupa chirwere ichi zita rimwe chete: "kupenga-kuora mwoyo." Pfungwa yake yakagamuchirwa pasi rose panguva iyoyo.
Maitiro eDSM akachinja zvese
Mumakore ekuma1950, vanachiremba vepfungwa vakaungana kuti vagadzire hurongwa hwakafanana, bhuku remitemo, rekuongorora zvirwere zvepfungwa. Rinonzi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) . Rakafanana nebhuku rinotungamira rinoshandiswa navanachiremba kuongorora zvirwere zvepfungwa nemazvo. Bhuku iri rinogadziriswa nguva nenguva. Nzira iyo bipolar disorder inoonekwa nayo yakachinja pamwe chete naro.
| Shanduro yeDSM (Shanduro) | Matangirwo eBipolar Disorder |
|---|---|
| DSM-I (1952) | "Kupenga-kuora mwoyo" kwaKraepelin kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: kusuruvara, kuora mwoyo, uye "zvimwe." Kutenderera kwemhepo kwakabatanidzwa muchikamu "chimwe". |
| DSM-II (1968) | Zita racho rakachinjwa kuva "chirwere chekushungurudzika mupfungwa." Panzvimbo pekuti "zvimwe," boka idzva rakaunzwa rinonzi "cyclical," zvichireva vanhu vakambosangana nezviitiko zvekushungurudzika mupfungwa uye zvekushungurudzika kanenge kamwe chete. |
| DSM-III (1980) | Apa ndipo pakachinja zvinhu! Zita rekuti "Bipolar Disorder" rakatanga kushandiswa pano. Rakaunzwawo sechirwere chakasiyana, chakasiyana nekuora mwoyo kwakajairika. Nzira dzatinoshandisa nhasi dzakavakirwa pano. |
Maonero atinoita Bipolar Disorder nhasi
Nhasi, vanachiremba vakapatsanura chirwere chebipolar kuita mhando ina huru. Kupatsanura uku kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kupa murwere kurapwa kwakakodzera uye kwakarurama.
| Rudzi rweBipolar Disorder | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| Bipolar I | Wakasangana nechiitiko chimwe chete chakazara chekushungurudzika chinotora mazuva manomwe. Zvikamu zvekushungurudzika zvinogona kuuya zvoenda. |
| Bipolar II | Hapana zviitiko zvepfungwa dzinoita sedzakanyanya kupenga. Pane kudaro, pane zviitiko zvinochinjana zvepfungwa dzinoita sedzakanyanya kupenga uye dzinoita sedzakanyanya kupenga . |
| Dambudziko reCyclothymic | Kwemakore maviri zvichikwira, zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika mupfungwa nezviratidzo zvekushungurudzika mupfungwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kunyanya kuipa sezvakaita Bipolar I kana II. Nguva yenguva mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika isingasviki mavhiki masere. |
| Dambudziko reBipolar Risina Kutsanangurwa | Zviitiko apo munhu ane kuchinja-chinja kwemafungiro ake zvakanyanya asi asingasvike pazvinodiwa zvechero chikamu chezviri pamusoro apa. |
Panyaya yekurapwa, shanduko huru yakaitika muma1970 nekubvumidzwa kwemushonga we lithium . Nhasi, kune mishonga yakawanda inoshanda, yakadai semishonga inosimbisa mafungiro, mimwe mishonga yekudzivirira pfari, uye mishonga yekurapa pfungwa.
Kupesvedzera kwetsika nemagariro evanhu
Dambudziko reBipolar chirwere chinogona kukanganisa vanhu munyika chero ipi zvayo netsika. Sekureva kweWorld Health Organization, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu pasi rose vane chirwere ichi.
Zvisinei, tsika nemagariro evanhu zvinopesvedzera maitiro anoita vanhu kuongorora chirwere ichi uye kugamuchira kurapwa.
- Kusarura: Kunyangwe munyika medu, vamwe vanhu vanonyara uye vanotya kutaura nezvezvirwere zvepfungwa kana kuona chiremba. Nekuda kwe "kusarura" uku, vanhu vazhinji havatsvage kurapwa kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinogona kunonotsa kuongororwa kwechirwere nemazvo.
- Maratidzirwo anoitwa zviratidzo: Dzimwe ongororo dzakaratidza kuti vanhu vari munyika dzeAsia vanowanzotaura nezvezviratidzo zvemuviri (semuenzaniso, kurwadziwa kwemuviri, musoro) pane kutaura nezvematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa. Izvi zvinogonawo kukonzera chirwere chakasiyana.
Masangano ese makuru ekurapa, kusanganisira World Health Organization, anosimbisa kuti mishonga nerutsigiro rwepfungwa/rwemagariro evanhu zvakakosha pakugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Dambudziko reBipolar harisi idzva. Kunzwisisa kwedu kwachinja nekufamba kwenguva, kubva papfungwa dzekare dzakadai se "black bile" kusvika kuchirwere cheuropi chatinoziva nhasi.
- Uku hakusi kungochinja-chinja kwemanzwiro chete. Kuchinja-chinja kunoitika pakati penguva yekufara zvakanyanya, paunonzwa simba rakawanda, nenguva dzekuora mwoyo, paunonzwa kusuruvara zvikuru.
- Nhasi, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana akadai seBipolar I neII, saka chirwere ichi chinogona kuongororwa uye kurapwa nemazvo.
- Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva aine zviratidzo izvi, usanyara kana kutya. Taura nachiremba wako kana nesi nezvazvo. Nhasi, kune mishonga inoshanda inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvakanaka.
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