Mitsipa mikuru yemwoyo yemwana wako yakachinja here? (Kuchinja kweMitsipa Mikuru) - Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

Zvakaoma kutaura kutya nekusuwa kwaunonzwa paunonzwa kuti mwana wako achangoberekwa ane chirwere chemwoyo, handiti? Asi usazvidya mwoyo. Dzimwe nguva vacheche vanogona kuchinja mitsipa miviri mikuru yeropa mumoyo yavo pavanozvarwa. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvechimwe chirwere chakadai, chinonzi `(Kuchinja kweMitsipa Mikuru)`. Izvi zvingaita sezviri nyore, asi ngatizvichengete zviri nyore.

Chii chinonzi Transposition of the Great Arteries?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ichi chirwere che "kuzvarwa nacho" chinoitika kana mwana aberekwa. Kureva kuti, dambudziko iri rinoitika mwana achiri mudumbu raamai. Tine mitsipa miviri mikuru yeropa inotakura ropa kubva pamoyo wedu kuenda kumuviri wese. Imwe itsinga yeropa yemapapu, inotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu , uye imwe iaorta, inotakura ropa kuenda kumuviri wese . Chinoitika muchirwere ichi ndechekuti mitsipa miviri mikuru yeropa iyi yakabatana nemoyo munzvimbo dzisiridzo, kwete munzvimbo dzakakodzera. Zvakafanana nemapaipi anoenda kumatangi maviri emvura akachinjwa.

Ropa rinowanzofamba sei? Chii chinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu aya?

Kazhinji, izvi ndizvo zvinoitika: ropa remuviri risina okisijeni (ropa rebhuruu) rinoenda kumoyo, kubva ikoko kuenda kumapapu kunotora okisijeni. Zvadaro ropa idzva, rine okisijeni yakawanda (ropa dzvuku) rinodzokera kumoyo, kubva ikoko kuenda kumuviri wese kuburikidza netsinga huru. Asi mune iyi mamiriro ekuti "Kuchinja kweNtsinga Huru", nekuti tsinga mbiri dzeropa dzachinja, ropa risina okisijeni yakawanda rinodzokera kumuviri pane kuenda kumapapu. Saizvozvowo, ropa rine okisijeni yakawanda rinobva kumapapu rinodzokera kumapapu pane kuenda kumuviri. Fungidzira kuti izvi zvichawana okisijeni shoma sei kunhengo dzemwana.

Kune mhando dzeizvi here?

Ehe, kune mhando mbiri huru dzeizvi: 1. Kuchinja-chinja kweropa (Levo-transposition kana l-TGA): Muchiitiko ichi, aorta yemwana iri kuruboshwe rwetsinga yemapapu. Muchiitiko ichi, kwete chete mitsinga miviri yeropa, asiwo makamuri epasi emoyo anochinja. Zvisinei, murudzi urwu, ropa risina mweya rinoenda kumapapu uye ropa rine mweya rinoenda mumuviri, saka harikuvadzi zvakanyanya. Izvi hazviwanzoitiki. 2. Kuchinja-chinja kweropa (Dextro-transposition kana d-TGA): Muchiitiko ichi, aorta yemwana iri kurudyi rwetsinga yemapapu. Iyi ndiyo mhando inonyanya kuwanikwa, uye ndiyowo mhando inoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Tichataura zvakawanda nezve `(d-TGA)` iyi munyaya ino.

Sei chirwere ichi chinonzi d-TGA chine njodzi kuvana vacheche?

Sezvandambotaura kare, kana paine `(d-TGA)`, muviri wemwana uzere neropa risina oxygen. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhengo dzese dzinokosha dzemwana, dzakadai seuropi, itsvo, nechiropa, hadzigamuchire huwandu hunodiwa hweoxygen. Izvi zvine njodzi kuhupenyu hwemwana. Dzimwe nguva, kana vana ava vaberekwa, panogona kunge paine buri pakati pemakamuri epamusoro emoyo `(Atrial Septal Defect kana ASD)` kana buri pakati pemakamuri epasi emoyo `(Ventricular Septal Defect kana VSD)`. Kunyangwe maburi aya ari mamiriro asina kujairika, mune zviitiko zvakadaro, maburi aya haabatsire zvakanyanya. Kureva kuti, maburi aya anobvumira ropa rakapfuma neoxygen kusanganisa neropa risina oxygen. Zvisinei, huwandu hweoxygen hunogamuchirwa hahuna kukwana zvachose. Saka, mwana anoda kurapwa zvechokwadi.

Musazvinetse, kune maoparesheni echirwere ichi. Vanachiremba vanga vachiita maoparesheni aya zvinobudirira kwemakore.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo kana mwana wako aine chirwere ichi? (Zviratidzo)

Vana vacheche vane `(d-TGA)` vanogona kuva nechirwere chinonzi `(cyanosis),` icho chiri ruvara rwebhuruu/grey rweganda nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni. Vanogonawo kunge vaine mwoyo usina simba. Zviratidzo zvikuru ndeizvi:

• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka .
• Kurova kwemoyo hakuna simba.
• Anoratidza kusada uye kuoma kunwa mukaka.
• Moyo wangu unonzwa sekunge uri kurova zvine ruzha, sekunge uri kurova nekukurumidza.
• Ganda nemaziso machena zvinogona kuita sebhuruu (muvana vane ganda rakachenuruka) kana kuti grey (muvana vane ganda dema).

Zviratidzo izvi zvinotanga rini?

Mwana ane `(d-TGA)` achatanga kuratidza zviratidzo izvi pakuzvarwa. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita se`(ASD)`, maburi madiki ari mumoyo wemwana anogona kukonzera kuti ropa rine oxygen risvike mumuviri, saka zviratidzo zvacho hazvionekwe zvakanyanya. Zvakare, `(patent ductus arteriosus)`, tsinga yeropa inoshandiswa nemwana ari mudumbu, inogona kuramba yakavhurika kwemazuva mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa, zvichiita kuti ropa risanganisike. Zvisinei, kana maburi aya enguva pfupi nemachubhu avhara, zviratidzo zvinogona kuwedzera kamwe kamwe. Muchiitiko ichocho, mwana anoda rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza.

Sei izvi zvichiitika? (Zvikonzero)

Vanachiremba havasati vaziva kuti chii chinokonzera Transposition of the Great Arteries. Kufanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kana kusangana nehupfu panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogona kukonzera chirwere ichi zvinosanganisira:

• Kana wakambova nechirwere cheshuga panguva yekuzvitakura .
• Kana ukabatwa nechirwere chakadai serubella panguva yekuzvitakura.
• Kana wakambosangana nemimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kana yekuuraya sora.
• Kana wakambotora mimwe mishonga yekurapa pfari.

Usavhunduke nezvinhu izvi. Havasi vese vakambosangana nechimwe chezvinhu izvi vachasangana nazvo.

Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei izvi? (Kuongororwa)

Dzimwe nguva, vanachiremba vanogona kuona chirwere ichi paunenge uchiri nepamuviri. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemwana asati aberekwa. Kana chiremba wako achifungidzira kuti pane chakaipa panguva yekuongororwa kwemwana wako neultrasound, anogona kukukumbira kuti uite echocardiogram yemwana asati aberekwa. Izvi zvakafanana neultrasound, asi zvinotarisa moyo wemwana zvakadzama. Izvi zvinogona kusimbisa kana uine d-TGA. Kana isina kuonekwa panguva yekuzvitakura, inowanzoonekwa mukati mevhiki yekutanga mushure mekusununguka.

Ndedzipi bvunzo dzinoitwa pakuita izvi?

Miedzo inoshandiswa navanachiremba kusimbisa chirwere ichi ndeiyi:

• Echocardiogram (Echo): Uku kuskena kwemoyo ne ultrasound.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Muedzo unotarisa mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo.
• Kuongorora pulse oximetry yemwana achangoberekwa: Izvi zvinowanzoitwa pavana vese vachangoberekwa.
• Kuongororwa kweX-ray pachipfuva.
• Kuisa catheter mumoyo: Iyi bvunzo yakaoma zvikuru. Chubhu yakatetepa ( catheter ) inopinzwa nepagumbo kana ruoko ichipinda mumoyo. Izvi zvinoitwa kana mimwe miedzo isina kujeka.
• Kuongororwa kweCT (CT scan) inzira yekuongorora chirwere.

Ungarapa sei izvi? Mwana wako anoda rubatsiro nekukurumidza!

Mwana anozvarwa aine `(d-TGA)` anofanira kuvhiyiwa kuti ararame. Kazhinji, kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa mukati mevhiki yekutanga yekuzvarwa. Kuvhiyiwa uku kunonzi arterial switch procedure . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, izvi zvinosanganisira kubatanidzazve mitsipa miviri yeropa yakachinjana (aorta nepulmonary artery) munzvimbo dzayo dzakakodzera. Izvi zvinoita kuti ropa rifambe zvakanaka. Kana mwana wako aine buri mumoyo make, senge `(VSD)`, iro richagadziriswawo panguva yekuvhiyiwa uku.

Zvinhu zvenguva pfupi zvekuita usati wavhiyiwa

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa kwenguva pfupi kuti vagadzikane mamiriro emwana kusvika avhiyiwa zvikuru. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Prostaglandin: Mushonga uyu unoshandiswa kuvhura ductus arteriosus, tsinga yeropa yaimbova nemwana mudumbu asi inovhara mushure mekuzvarwa. Kana yavhurwa, ropa rine oxygen rinotanga kuyerera mumuviri.
• Maitiro anonzi Balloon atrial septostomy:Muizvi, chubhu yakatetepa (catheter) inoshandiswa kuwedzera mukana wepamoyo uri pakati pemakamuri maviri epamusoro emoyo. Izvi zvinobvumira ropa rine okisijeni neropa risina okisijeni kusanganisa, zvichipa muviri okisijeni.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kudzivirirwa here?

Hapana nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira Transposition yeGreat Arteries. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutevedzera tsika dzakanaka dzehutano panguva yekuzvitakura kwako. Tora majekiseni ako ese nenguva, tora multivitamin yako, uye chengeta nguva yako yekusangana nachiremba. Kana paine munhu mumhuri yako ane nhoroondo yechirwere chemwoyo chawakazvarwa nacho, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo. Anogona kukurudzira mazano ezvemajini.

Chii chinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa? Maitiro ekurarama neTGA

Kunyange hazvo kuvhiyiwa kusingarapi chirwere chose, vanhu vazhinji vane `(d-TGA)` vanorarama hupenyu hwakazara uye hune hutano. Zvisinei, avo vane chirwere ichi `(chokuzvarwa nacho)` vanoda kutarisirwa nachiremba kweupenyu hwavo hwese. Chiremba wemwoyo anogara achitarisa chirwere chemwana wenyu uye achipa mazano anodiwa. Huwandu hwekupona mushure mekuvhiyiwa `(arterial switch)` hunopfuura 95%. Zvinonzi huwandu uhwu hunoramba hwakafanana kunyangwe mushure memakore makumi maviri nemashanu.

Mwana wako anogona kurarama zvakanaka neTGA here?

Ehe, zvechokwadi. Mushure mekurapwa kwechirwere che `(Transposition of the Great Arteries)`, mwana wako anogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika. Zvisinei, moyo unofanirwa kutarisirwa kwehupenyu hwese. Izvi zvinoreva:

• Unofanira kugara uchitaura nachiremba wemwoyo uyo anonyanya kugadzirisa zvirwere zvakadai.
• Unofanira kutora mushonga wakanyorwa nemazvo.
• Miedzo inoongorora mashandiro emoyo, yakaita se `(EKG), `(Holter monitor), `(miyedzo yekumanikidzwa kwemuviri), uye `(echocardiogram)' inofanira kuitwa nguva nenguva.

Vanachiremba vazhinji vemwoyo havakurudziri kutamba mitambo yemakwikwi mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwe `(d-TGA)`. Saka, iwe nemwana wako, chiremba wevana vako, nachiremba wemwoyo wako munofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuti muite sarudzo yakanakisisa yehutano hwemwana wenyu. Vakadzi vazhinji vakavhiyiwa `(d-TGA)` vakabudirira kubereka vana. Zvisinei, unofanira kutaura nachiremba wako nachiremba wemwoyo usati wabata pamuviri.

Kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo kwakawanda kuchadiwa here mune ramangwana?

Ehe, mamwe maoparesheni angangoda kuitwa gare gare. Kazhinji, ndeekugadzirisa dambudziko remoyo kana kugadzirisa mavharuvhu emwoyo.

Pane njodzi ye endocarditis here?

Endocarditis chirwere chinoitika kana hutachiona hwebhakitiriya hukapinda mumoyo. Vanhu vane zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaita seTGA vane mukana mukuru wekuwana chirwere ichi. Nokudaro, vanhu vakambovhiyiwa mazino vanogona kunwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya vasati varapwa.

Zvingakanganisa kukura kwehuropi here?

Vamwe vana vakambochinja arterial switch vanogona kunge vaine ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Kana kuti vangangoda rubatsiro rwakakosha nebasa rechikoro. Zivai izvi zvakare.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana mwana wako aine zviratidzo izvi...

• Kana uchinzwa sekunge uri kunetseka kufema.
• Kana kurova kwemoyo kusina simba.
• Kana ganda rakatenderedza muromo rashanduka kuita bhuruu/chena.

Kana ukaona chimwe chinhu chakadai, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika.

Kana wakavhiyiwa uyu uri mwana...

Uchada kuongororwa nachiremba nguva nenguva uye kutariswa muhupenyu hwako hwese. Ona chiremba wemwoyo ane ruzivo rwechirwere chemwoyo chevakuru (chekuzvarwa nacho).

Mibvunzo ipi yaunofanira kubvunza chiremba?

Kana mwana wako aine Transposition of the Great Artery, unogona kubvunza chiremba mibvunzo iyi:

• Mwana wangu anofanira kuvhiyiwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera here?
• Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa?
• Mwana wangu anoda kutarisirwa sei kuti atevere?
• Achafanira kuvhiyiwa zvakare here?
• Pane zvirambidzo here pamabasa ake?
• Ndinofanira kutarisira sei mwana wangu mushure mekuvhiyiwa?

Kana wakavhiyiwa chirwere ichi uri mwana, unogona kubvunza chiremba wako kuti:

• Ndichada kuvhiyiwa zvakare here?
• Ndinoda kutarisirwa kwakaitwa sei nachiremba?
• Pane zvirambidzo here pamabasa angu?
• Ndingava nemwana here?

Chekupedzisira, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Kuziva kuti mwana wako achangoberekwa ane chirwere chemwoyo hachisi chinhu chinotarisirwa nemubereki wese. Zvinogona kurwadza moyo. Asi, hausi wega. Vanachiremba vemwana wako vanogona kukubatsira murwendo urwu uye kukutungamira musarudzo dzaunoita.

Yeukai, vanachiremba vanga vachirapa vacheche neTGA kwemakore, uye mhedzisiro yacho inobudirira zvikuru. Simbai mwana wenyu. Musatya kubvunza chiremba wenyu mibvunzo nezvechero chamusinganzwisisi kana kuti chamusina chokwadi nacho. Kuziva kwenyu ndiro simba guru remwana wenyu remangwana rakanaka.

Kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo, chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho, kuvhiyiwa kwekuchinja kwetsinga dzeropa, cyanosis, chirwere chemwoyo chevacheche, d-TGA, kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo