Ngaba uyamgonya umntwana wakho omncinci? Masifunde ngeShedyuli yokuGonyelwa kwabantwana!

Eyakho Ndiyazi ukuba uyikhathalele kangakanani impilo yomntwana wakho . Njengaye wonke umama notata, ufuna ukumkhusela kwizifo. Yiyo loo nto siza kuthetha ngalo mbandela ubalulekileyo namhlanje, ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana abancinci. Ngokulandela oku kanye, umntwana wakho uya kukhuselwa kakhulu kwizifo ezininzi eziyingozi.

Kutheni le nto ezi gonyo kufuneka zinikwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Kutheni kufuneka sinike la mayeza okugonya kule minyaka ichanekileyo?" Lowo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, le shedyuli yokugonya yenziwe ngokusekelwe kuphando olubanzi kunye neengcebiso ezivela kwiingcali zonyango. Le shedyuli isekelwe kwizinto ezimbini:

1. Ixesha apho amajoni omzimba omntwana esabela kakuhle kwigonyo: Oko kukuthi, igonyo linikwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo xa amajoni omzimba enziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye umzimba ulungele ukulwa nesifo esichaphazelekayo.

2. Ubudala umntwana anokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo: Kukho izifo ezithile abantwana abanokuthi bazifumana xa beneminyaka ethile . Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe ngaphambi kwelo xesha lomngcipheko. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zale shedyuli kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko .

Ezi gonyo zinikwa xa uthatha umntwana wakho aye kutyelelo lwakhe rhoqo lokuhlolwa. Ngoko ke, ngokungalubambi olo tyelelo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba iigonyo zinikwa ngexesha. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi ukuba zeziphi iigonyo ezinikwayo kwaye zineminyaka emingaphi. Makhe sithethe ngaloo nto ngokunzulu ngakumbi.

Abantwana bagonywa xa beneminyaka emingaphi ubudala?

Uninzi lwezitofu zomntwana wakho zinikwa ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka emibini ubudala. Ngokukodwa, izitofu ezininzi zinikwa kunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci babuthathaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba awakakhuli ngokupheleleyo, kulula ukuba bahlaselwe zizifo ezininzi. Ezinye izifo zinokubangela iimeko ezinzima okanye nokufa. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika umntwana wakho ishedyuli echanekileyo yokugonywa, ingakumbi ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12.

Uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya zabantwana zinikwa xa zineminyaka ethile okanye xa zineminyaka ethile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbini ezincinci ezingafaniyo nezi. Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) kunye Iingcali zicebisa ukuba isitofu se-COVID-19 sinikwe abantwana ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala, ngamaxesha athile, kwaye siqhubeke ngexesha lobuntwana ukuya kwinqanaba lokufikisa.

Ugonyo lomkhuhlane ludla ngokunikezelwa kube kanye ngonyaka. Ugqirha wakho wezingane uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka ufumane kangaphi ugonyo lwe-COVID-19, ngokusekwe kubudala bomntwana wakho kunye neziphumo zamva nje zesayensi.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi izitofu ezinikwa abantwana ngokweminyaka. Le shedyuli icetyiswa kubantwana abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho unemeko yempilo okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, izitofu ezongezelelweyo okanye iidosi zinokufuneka. Ugqirha wakho wezingane uza kukucebisa ngale nto.

Ukugonywa kweentsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa

Ukondla umntwana wakho okokuqala kuza kunika umntwana wakho kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuzalwa. Ugonyo luthi:

• Ugonyo lweHepatitis B (HepB) (idosi yokuqala): Olu lukhusela umntwana wakho kwintsholongwane eyingozi eyonakalisa isibindi. Olu lolokuqala kuthotho lweedosi ezintathu.

Okulandelayo, kukho olunye ugonyo olunikwayo kwiveki emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe :

• I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Antibody: Le nto inikwa kuphela ukuba umntwana wazalwa ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-RSV (ngesiqhelo ukusuka ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMatshi kwilizwe lethu) kwaye awuzange ufumane i-RSV vaccine ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-RSV yintsholongwane echaphazela imiphunga yabantwana abancinci kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi. Le asiyo-vaccine, ngokunyanisekileyo, kuba i-vaccine ifundisa umzimba ukwenza ii-antibodies. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ii-antibodies ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulwa nesifo zinikwa umzimba. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bebiza oku ngokuthi yi-vaccine . Kodwa xa sithetha ngayo, siyibiza nje ngokuba yi-vaccine.

Iigonyo zinikwa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezimbini

Xa umntwana egqiba iinyanga ezimbini ubudala, uza kunikwa ezi gonyo ekliniki:

• IHepatitis B (HepB) - Idosi yesibini.
• I-Rotavirus - Idosi yokuqala: Olu lulwelo olunikwa ngomlomo. I-Rotavirus inokubangela urhudo olukhulu kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ebantwaneni.
• I-DTaP - Idosi yokuqala: Oku kukhusela kwizifo ezintathu eziyingozi: iDiphtheria, iTetanus, kunye nePertussis engasebenziyo.
• I-Hib (iHaemophilus influenzae type B) - Idosi yokuqala: Le ntsholongwane inokubangela usulelo olukhulu olufana ne-meningitis.
• I-PCV (i-Pneumococcal conjugate) - Idosi yokuqala: Iintsholongwane ze-pneumococcal nazo zibangela izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye ne-meningitis. Olu gonyo lukhusela kuzo.
• IPV (i-poliovirus engasebenziyo) - Idosi yokuqala: I-polio sisifo esibi esinokubangela ukukhubazeka. Esi sitofu siyayithintela.

Iigonyo ezinikwa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezi-4

Okulandelayo, xa umntwana eneenyanga ezine ubudala, unikwa la mayeza okugonya:

• I-Rotavirus - Idosi yesibini.
• I-DTaP - Idosi yesibini.
• I-Hib - Idosi yesibini.
• I-PCV - Idosi yesibini.
• IPV - idosi yesibini.

Iigonyo zinikwa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezi-6

Xa umntwana eneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala, ufumana ezi gonyo:

• IHepatitis B (HepB) - Idosi yesithathu.
• I-Rotavirus - Idosi yesithathu: (Oku kunikwa kuphela ukuba uthotho lwe-vaccine yedosi ezintathu lunikiwe. Ezinye i-vaccine ze-rotavirus zigqitywa ngeedosi ezimbini).
• I-DTaP - Idosi yesithathu.
• I-Hib - Idosi yesithathu: (Le inikwa ukuba uthotho lwe-dose ezine lunikiwe).
• I-PCV - Idosi yesithathu.
• IPV - Idosi yesithathu.
• Ugonyo lomkhuhlane: Lunikwa rhoqo ngonyaka emva kweenyanga ezi-6.
• Isitofu sokugonyela i-Covid-19 (COVID-19): Njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha.

Iigonyo ezinikwa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezili-12 (ngonyaka)

Ezi gonyo zibalulekile xa umntwana egqiba unyaka omnye ubudala:

• I-Maasles, i-Mumps, kunye ne-Rubella (MMR) - Idosi yokuqala: Zonke ezi zifo zintathu zinokubangela iingxaki eziyingozi ebantwaneni.
• IHepatitis A (HepA) - Idosi yokuqala: Le yintsholongwane echaphazela isibindi.
• I-PCV - Idosi yesine.

Iigonyo ezinikwa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezili-15

• I-Chickenpox (Varicella - VAR) - Idosi yokuqala: Ukukhusela i-chickenpox.
• I-DTaP - Idosi yesine.
• I-Hib - Idosi yokugqibela: (Le isenokuba yidosi yesithathu okanye yesine kuxhomekeke kuthotho lwemithi yokugonya).

Iigonyo ezinikwa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezili-18

• IHepatitis A (HepA) - Idosi yesibini.

Iigonyo ezinikwa xa uneminyaka emi-4 ubudala

Ezi gonyo zinikwa umntwana xa egqiba iminyaka emine ubudala. Ezi gonyo zinganikwa phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ne-6 ubudala.

• I-DTaP - Idosi yesihlanu.
• IPV - Idosi yesine.
• I-MMR - Idosi yesibini.
• I-VAR (i-chickenpox) - idosi yesibini.

Ugqirha wakho wezingane uza kukuxelela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunika ezi pilisi.

Ukugonywa kwabantwana abaneminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala

Ezi zitofu zibalulekile xa umntwana emdala kancinci, malunga neminyaka eli-11-12 ubudala:

• I-Tdap (iTetanus, i-diphtheria, kunye ne-acellular pertussis) - Idosi yokuqala: Oku kufana nedosi yabantu abadala ye-DTaP. Kufuneka inikwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10 ubomi bonke.
• I-HPV (iHuman Papillomavirus) - Iidosi ezimbini: Idosi yokuqala inikwa emva kweenyanga ezi-5, idosi yesibini inikwa emva kweenyanga ezi-5. Le ntsholongwane inokubangela umhlaza ofana nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Olu luhlu lwemithi yokugonya lunokuqala kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka eli-9.
• I-Meningococcal (MenACWY) - Idosi yokuqala: Iintsholongwane ze-Meningococcal zinokubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-meningitis kunye nokutyhefwa kwegazi.

Ukugonywa kunikwa xa uneminyaka eli-16 ubudala

• I-Meningococcal (MenACWY) - Idosi yesibini (idosi yokunyusa).

Zingaphi izitofu ezinikwa abantwana abancinci?

Ukuba ujonga ishedyuli epheleleyo yokugonywa kwabantwana, kukho malunga neentlobo ezili-15 zemithi yokugonya. Ezinye imithi yokugonya zikhusela kwizifo ezingaphezu kwesinye. Ezinye zifuna iidosi ezininzi.

Ngoku, xa ubona olu luhlu, usenokuba ucinga, "Wow, lo mntwana udinga imijovo emininzi kangaka?" Ewe, ingabonakala ngathi mininzi, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Uninzi lwale mijovo lunikwa kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi, xa abantwana abancinci besengozini enkulu yesifo.

Cinga nje, ngaphambili, kuba bekungekho mijelo efana nale, bangaphi abantwana ababethwaxwa zezi zifo, kwaye abanye bafa. Kodwa ngoku, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, umntwana wakho unokukhuselwa kwiimeko eziyingozi kangaka. Lonke ugonyo olunikwa umntwana lufana nekhaka elimkhuselayo.

Kwakhona, oogqirha ngoku banokusebenzisa imijovo edibeneyo . Oko kukuthi, imijovo ekhusela izifo ezahlukeneyo kwinaliti enye. Umzekelo, umjovo weVaxelis® unokukhusela kuzo zonke imijovo emine: iDTaP, iHepB, iHib, kunye ne-IPV. Oko kuya kunciphisa inani lemijovo, akunjalo?

Kuthekani ukuba sele kudlule ixesha lokunika isitofu sokugonya esingxamisekileyo?

Ubomi lixesha apho izinto zingahambi ngendlela ebezicwangcisiwe. Usenokuphoswa yikliniki yomntwana wakho, okanye ufike emva kwexesha ukuze ufumane ugonyo ngesizathu esithile. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ungakhathazeki. Kuqhelekile.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha wezingane ngokukhawuleza. Baza kukuxelela eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunika umntwana wakho imigonyo engafanelekanga. Baza kuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana imigonyo ayidingayo, ngaphakathi kweminyaka ecetyiswayo, ngokukhawuleza.

Isilumkiso: Ungaze ulandele naluphi na olunye ucwangciso lokugonya olufumana kwi-intanethi okanye ubuze umhlobo. Olu cwangciso lokugonya oluqhelekileyo, olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha eSri Lanka nakwihlabathi liphela, lusekelwe kuphando lwesayensi oluqinileyo kunye nobungqina. Lusindise ubomi bezigidi zabantwana.

Umntwana wakho uza kuqala ukwenza izinto eyedwa kungekudala. Kodwa okwangoku, baxhomekeke kuwe kuyo yonke into. Ulungelelanisa yonke into ukususela kwixesha lokutya ukuya kwixesha lokulala ukuya kwixesha lokubonana nogqirha. Ukulawula konke oku luxanduva olukhulu. Kodwa ngokuya rhoqo ekuhlolweni kwempilo kunye nokulandela olu cwangciso lokugonywa komntwana, umntwana wakho uya kuba nesiqalo esihle sobomi obusempilweni. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzenze wedwa. Ugqirha wakho anokukunceda ugcine olu cwangciso luhamba ngendlela.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto?

Sithethe kakhulu ngeshedyuli yokugonyelwa kwabantwana. Ngamafutshane:

• Landela ishedyuli: Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi bomntwana wakho ixabiseke kakhulu. Basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zizifo. Ke ngoko, le shedyuli yokugonywa ecetyiswa ngoogqirha iyacetyiswa.Ngokulandela imiyalelo ngokuchanekileyo, umntwana wakho uya kukhuselwa kwizifo ezininzi eziyingozi (umz. imasisi, ipoliyo, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, i-hepatitis).
• Ungaphoswa lugonyo olunye: Lonke ugonyo lubalulekile. Ukuba uphoswa lulodwa, ukhuseleko kweso sifo lunokuncipha.
• Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho: Ugqirha wakho wosapho okanye ugqirha wezingane ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukunika ingcebiso ngale nto. Banokukunceda umisele ishedyuli yokugonya efanelekileyo kumntwana wakho kwaye bakuncede wenze yonke into ngendlela eyiyo.
• Musa ukoyika: Musa ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko imigonyo. Imigonyo ingqinwe ngokwesayensi ukuba ikhusela abantwana kwizifo ezinzulu.

Ngoko ke, ungoyiki kwaye nika umntwana wakho la mayeza okugonya ngokuzithemba. Sesona sipho sixabisekileyo onokumnika sona!

Ugonyo lomntwana , ishedyuli yokugonya, ugonyo lomntwana, ugonyo, ukhuselo kwizifo, ishedyuli yokugonya, ugonyo, impilo yabantwana