Ingaba intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi yakho ziphilile? Masifunde ngezifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi!

Sonke sifuna ukuba sempilweni. Ngoko ke, inkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu Inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yiyo le nto iyiyo. Ngamafutshane, le yindlela intliziyo yethu kunye nemithambo yegazi ezisebenzisana ngayo ukupompa igazi emizimbeni yethu yonke. Le nkqubo yenza umsebenzi omhle wokunika imizimba yethu ubomi. Ngoko ke ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale nkqubo, inokuchaphazela umzimba wethu wonke.

Zithini izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi?

Isifo senkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi sibhekisa kuyo nayiphi na imeko echaphazela intliziyo yakho okanye imithambo yegazi. Yicinge njengeqela elilungileyo. Intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi zisebenza kunye ukuhambisa igazi elicocekileyo, elinomoya-mpilo omninzi kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wethu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu omnye kwiqela uyagula, lonke iqela liyakuva oko, kwaye ukuba kukho ingxaki kwenye inxalenye yale nkqubo, inokuchaphazela yonke inkqubo, kwaye ekugqibeleni wonke umzimba.

Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi zifo. Kuba ngamanye amaxesha ezi zifo zinokuvela ngequbuliso, okanye zikhule kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela ezi zifo?

Ngokwesiqhelo kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi Izifo zingabangela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki zentliziyo empompa igazi.
• Utshintsho kwimilo kunye nolwakhiwo lwentliziyo.
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi okungafanelekanga.
• Ukuvaleka okanye ukucutheka kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukubuthathaka kwemithambo yegazi.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo esinjalo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi?

Izazinzulu zahlula ezi zifo zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Izifo zentliziyo: Ezi zizifo ezichaphazela intliziyo kunye/okanye imithambo yegazi.

2. Izifo zemithambo yegazi: Ezi zizifo ezichaphazela ngqo imithambo yegazi.

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwezi ndidi zombini. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo, mhlawumbi wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ukhe wachaphazeleka zizo.

Ii-Aneurysms - ukudumba okufana neebhaluni kwimithambo yegazi

Ii-Aneurysms yimeko apho iindonga zemithambo yethu yegazi, imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi, ziba buthathaka kwaye zidumbe njengebhaluni. Zisengozini enkulu yokuba zikhulu, ziqhekeke, okanye zenze amahlwili egazi. Zingakheka kuyo nayiphi na imithambo yegazi.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zikhula kwi -aorta, umthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-aortic aneurysms . Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

• Ii-aneurysms ze-aorta yesifuba: Ezi zii-aneurysms ezenzeka kwindawo yesifuba ye-aorta.
• Ii-Aneurysms ze-Aortic zesisu (AAA): Ezi zii-aneurysms ezenzeka kwinxalenye yesisu se-aorta . Zixhaphake kakhulu kunezo zenzeka esifubeni.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze-aneurysms:

• Ii-aneurysms ze-cerebral: Zenzeka kwimithambo yegazi engqondweni.
• Ii-aneurysms ze-carotid: Zenzeka kwimithambo ye-carotid entanyeni.
• Zingakheka nakwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emathunjini, kwimithambo yegazi emilenzeni, nakwimithambo yegazi ekwipleyini.

I-Arrhythmias - ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga

Ii-Arrhythmias ziintliziyo ezingaqhelekanga. Ezinye zazo ziqala kwigumbi eliphezulu lentliziyo (atria). Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-supraventricular arrhythmias . I-Atrial fibrillation lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwazo.

Ezinye ziqala kumagumbi asezantsi entliziyo (ii-ventricles). Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-ventricular arrhythmias . I-Ventricular fibrillation yingxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi kuba inokubangela ukufa ngequbuliso.

I-Arrhythmias ithintela intliziyo ukuba ingakwazi ukufinyela nokuphumla ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo.

I-atherosclerosis - iidiphozithi zamafutha kwimithambo yegazi

Oku kukuqokelelana kwamafutha, okanye i-plaque, ngaphakathi kwemithambo yethu yegazi, evala imithambo yegazi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le plaque inciphisa imithambo yegazi kwaye ithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. Kwakhona, le plaque inokuqhekeka kwaye yenze i-blood clot, nto leyo eyingozi.

I-atherosclerosis inyusa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye izifo ezifana nezi:

• I-Carotid artery stenosis: Ukuqokelelwa kwe-plaque kwimithambo entanyeni ehambisa igazi engqondweni.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo (CAD): Ukuqokelelwa kweplaque kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. I-CAD yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imithambo: Ukwakheka kweplaque kwimithambo yegazi engalweni nasemilenzeni.

Iimeko zoxinzelelo lwegazi

Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyindlela yokulinganisa ukuba igazi lakho lihamba ngesantya esingakanani emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Uxinzelelo lwegazi ludla ngokutshintsha imini yonke, kuxhomekeke kwinto oyenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyingozi. (Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu okanye oluphantsi kakhulu luyingozi).

Iingxaki ezinxulumene noxinzelelo lwegazi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke. Sidla ngokubiza oku ngokuthi "uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu." Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwaziwa ngokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo."Kuba, nangona isoloko ingabonakalisi zimpawu, inokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi emzimbeni wonke.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yegazi oluthwala igazi lisuka emathunjini ukuya esibindini.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni.

I-Cardiomyopathy - Isifo semisipha yentliziyo

I-Cardiomyopathy liqela lezifo ezichaphazela izihlunu zentliziyo, zisenza buthathaka amandla entliziyo okupompa igazi.

Iintlobo ezithile:

• I-Dilated cardiomyopathy: Amagumbi entliziyo ayakhula.
• I-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Imisipha yentliziyo iyaqina.
• I-Peripartum cardiomyopathy: Ubuthathaka bentliziyo buvela ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye emva kokubeletha.

Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso - isifo sentliziyo esibakho ekuzalweni

Oku kubhekisa kwiimeko zentliziyo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zizinto ezizuzwa njengelifa. Ngamanye amaxesha, zinokuvela ngaphandle kokuba nabani na kusapho abe neempawu. Malunga nomnye kubantwana abali-100 unesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso.

Eminye imizekelo:

• Ingxaki ye-Atrial septal kunye ne-Ventricular septal defect: Oku kubizwa ngokuba "ngumngxuma entliziyweni." Le yimingxunya ephakathi kwamacala asekhohlo nasekunene entliziyo yomntwana.
• Ivalvu ye-aortic yeBicuspid: Ivalvu ye-aortic ene-cusps ezimbini endaweni yezintathu.
• Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta: Ukuncitshiswa kwendawo enye kwi-aorta yomntwana.
• Kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinzima, ezibizwa ngoogqirha ngamagama: I-Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), i-Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), i-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), i-Pulmonary atresia, i-Tetralogy of Fallot, i-Tricuspid atresia, i-Truncus arteriosus.

Ukusilela kwentliziyo - ubuthathaka bentliziyo

Oku akusiso isifo sentliziyo. Ukusilela kwentliziyo yimeko apho intliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Emva koko, amalungu ethu awafumani umlinganiselo weoksijini ayidingayo. Zininzi izizathu zoku. Esi sisifo esiqhubekayo. Ekugqibeleni, sifikelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- congestive heart failure , xa ulwelo luqokelelana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (congestion).

Isifo sevalvu yentliziyo - iingxaki zevalvu yentliziyo

Ezi zifo zinokuchaphazela nayiphi na kwiivalvu ezine ezintliziyweni zethu. Ezi valve zifana namasango, ezahlula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo kwaye zilawula ukuhamba kwegazi. Ukuba ivalvu igula, ibeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo entliziyweni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iingxaki ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo okanye ukufa ngequbuliso kwentliziyo zinokwenzeka.

Izifo zevalvu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukubuyela kwevalvu ye-Mitral: Igazi libuyela umva xa ivalvu ye-mitral ingavali kakuhle.
• I-Aortic valve stenosis: Ukuncitshiswa kwe-aortic valve, okunciphisa inani legazi elidlula kuyo.
• Ukubuyela kwevalvu ye-Aortic: Igazi libuyela umva xa ivalvu ye-aortic ingavali kakuhle.

I-cholesterol ephezulu

Kufuneka sibe nomlinganiselo othile wamafutha (i-lipids) egazini lethu. Zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba namafutha amaninzi egazini kuyingozi. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol ephezulu (hyperlipidemia) . Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye izifo ezininzi.

I-Familial hypercholesterolemia yimeko apho i-cholesterol ephezulu ifunyanwa njengelifa. Abantu abanale meko banamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-LDL (i-cholesterol embi) . Oku kubabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-CAD nesifo sentliziyo, kwaye banokufumana ezi zinto besebancinci.

Istroke

Istroke yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango esongela ubomi efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Yenzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni kuphazamiseka. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zestroke:

• I-Ischemic stroke: Igazi elijiyileyo livala umthambo oya engqondweni.
• Istroke esopha igazi: Ukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi engqondweni (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuqhuma komthambo wegazi okanye ukwenzakala entloko), ngoko ke iiseli zengqondo azifumani gazi.
• Uhlaselo lwe-ischemic oluhamba kancinci (TIA): Ihlwili legazi lithintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni okwethutyana, elikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"mini stroke ." I-TIA idla ngokuba luphawu lwesilumkiso ngaphambi kwe-ischemic stroke.

I-Vasculitis

Le yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esebenza kakhulu ebangela ukudumba kwimithambo yegazi. Oku kunokuchaphazela imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, okanye ii-capillaries. Oku kudumba kunokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe ize ivaleke. Kunokubangela nokuba imithambo yegazi ibe buthathaka ize yenze i-aneurysm.

Isifo semithambo yegazi

Eli liqela lezifo ezichaphazela imithambo yethu (imithambo ethwala igazi elingcolileyo, okanye igazi elineoksijini ephantsi, ibuyela entliziyweni). Ezi zifo zinokubangela ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kwehle, kuhambe ngendlela engalunganga, okanye kume ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zemithambo yegazi:

• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi (CVI): Imithambo esemilenzeni inengxaki yokumpompa igazi libuyele entliziyweni. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi lihlangane kwimithambo yegazi esemilenzeni.
• I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): I-blood clot eyakheka kwi-deep vein (umthambo ongaphantsi kolusu). Ukuba le clot iyaqhekeka, inokuya emiphungeni ize ibangele imeko esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary embolism .

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi?

Iimpawu zahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwesinye isifo ukuya kwesinye. Ezinye iimpawu zezo oogqirha bazibiza ngokuba “zingezizo ezithile.” Oko kukuthi, zinokubangelwa zezinye izifo ezininzi.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iimpawu onazo. Emva koko unokuxilonga ingxaki aze enze uvavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhele ukubonwa:

• Intlungu yesifuba (i-Angina) eza nokuzivocavoca.
• Isiyezi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) .
• Ukudumba (i-Edema) (rhoqo emilenzeni).
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungacwangciswanga).

Iimpawu zengxakeko - ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uzazi ezi!

Kukho iimpawu ezithile ezibonisa imeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Ukuzazi ezi mpawu kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi bakho kunye nobomi babantu obathandayo. Ziqaphele iimpawu zezi meko:

• Ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-Aneurysm.
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Ukuxhuzula kwemithambo yegazi.
• Istroke kunye ne-mini stroke (TIA).
• Ukufiphalisa kwemithambo yegazi.

Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya esibhedlele okanye ubize i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi zifo?

Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya amayeza, iinkqubo, kunye notyando.

Amayeza

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zamayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:

• Izithinteli ze-ACE: Kwizinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo.
• Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi (izinto ezinciphisa ukugabha kwegazi): Zinceda ekuthinteleni ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi. Zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye nokugabha kwamaphaphu.
• Ii-Beta-blockers: Zinyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Izithinteli zeCalcium channel: Kwizinto ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-arrhythmia.
• I-Diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi): Susa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni. Idla ngokunikwa abantu abanesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo.
• IiStatins: Zinciphisa i-cholesterol kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi.

Iinkqubo zonyango kunye notyando

Ezinye iimeko zifuna iinkqubo zonyango okanye utyando. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi. Imizekelo:

• Utyando lwentliziyo .
• Utyando lwentliziyo olungenabungozi kangako .
• Ukungenelela kwentliziyo nge-percutaneous (coronary angioplasty) - Le yinkqubo yokwandisa imithambo yegazi entliziyweni.

Ungazikhusela njani kwizifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi?

Enye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokuzikhusela kwezi zifo kukubona ugqirha ukuze ahlolwe minyaka le. Abantu abaninzi abazi nokuba banezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko. Ugqirha unokuzibona iingxaki kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba zibe nkulu.

Kwakhona, ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo nendlela ophila ngayo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ezi zifo.

• Landela ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo (ukutya okuneoyile encinci, ityuwa encinci, kunye neswekile encinci, iziqhamo ezininzi kunye nemifuno eninzi).
• Ziqhelise ukwenza umthambo we-aerobic yonke imihla (njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile).
• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya, ezinye iintlobo zecuba, kunye nokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemikhwa yempilo efanelekileyo kuwe. Kubalulekile nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo entsha yokuzilolonga.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi zinokuchaphazela umzimba wakho nobomi bakho ngeendlela ezininzi, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufunda ngeemeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye ubandakanyeke ngokukhutheleyo kunyango lwakho.

Yakha ubudlelwane obuhle nogqirha wakho. Qaphela iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu ezilumkisayo ukuze ufumane uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa ulufuna. Yabelana ngolu lwazi nabanye. Into encinci oyaziyo inokusindisa ubomi bomntu ngenye imini. Hlala usempilweni!

Isifo sentliziyo , imithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi, i-Aneurysm, i-Arrhythmia, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, istroke, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, izifo zentliziyo, impilo yentliziyo