Masifunde konke ngendlebe yakho. (Indlebe) - Hayi indlela ebaluleke ngayo ekuveni nasekulinganiseni kwethu!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani iindlebe zethu? Azingomalungu amabini kuphela kumacala omabini entloko yethu, zikwayinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu esinceda sive kwaye sigcine ibhalansi yethu. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba ukugcina iindlebe zethu ziphilile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yendlebe? Uza kumangaliswa!

Iindlebe zethu zinemisebenzi emibini ephambili: ukuva nokugcina ibhalansi . Zombini ezi zinto zibalulekile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, akunjalo?

Kwenzeka njani ukuva?

Kalula nje, nantsi into eyenzekayo:

1. Amaza esandi angena endlebeni yakho engaphandle, adlule kumjelo wendlebe, aze abethe i-eardrum (i-tympanic membrane) . Emva koko i-eardrum iyangcangcazela.

2. Olu ngcangcazelo ludluliselwa kumathambo amathathu amancinci kakhulu akwindlebe ephakathi – esiwabiza ngokuba zii-ossicles . La mathambo mathathu akhulisa isandi ngakumbi aze asithumele endlebeni engaphakathi.

3. Kwindlebe engaphakathi, kukho iiseli ezincinci ezifana neenwele ezibamba ukungcangcazela kwesandi. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-stereocilia . Ezi seli ziguqula ukungcangcazela kwesandi zibe ziimpawu zombane.

4. Okokugqibela, ezi mpawu zombane zihamba ngemicu yemithambo-luvo ziye engqondweni yakho, apho zitolikwa njengesandi. Ayimangalisi na loo nto?

Indlebe inceda njani ekugcineni ibhalansi?

Ubucinga ukuba iindlebe zisinceda sive kuphela? Hayi, iindlebe nazo zidlala indima enkulu ekugcineni imizimba yethu ilungelelene.

Indlebe yakho yangaphakathi inenxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-semicircular canal . Ngaphakathi kwezi kukho ii-sensors ezimanzi nezifana neenwele ezintle kakhulu. Xa ushukumisa intloko yakho, ujonge phezulu okanye ezantsi, ulwelo olungaphakathi kwezi canal luhamba luye kwelo cala. Emva koko ii-sensors ezintle ezifana neenwele ziyagoba ziphendula kuloo ntshukumo.

Olu lwazi, oko kukuthi, ulwazi malunga nendawo yentloko yakho, luhamba ngemithambo -luvo ye-vestibular ukuya ebuchotsheni. Ingqondo emva koko ithumela imiqondiso kwimisipha yakho, ikuncede uhlale ulungelelene kwaye ungawi. Khawuthelekelele indlela oku kubaluleke ngayo xa uhamba, ubaleka, okanye udanisa!

Ngaba uyazi kakuhle apho iindlebe zakho zikhoyo?

Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayaziyo. Iindlebe zakho zikwicala lentloko yakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, ziphezulu kwenxalenye yengqondo yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-temporal lobe . Le nxalenye yengqondo inoxanduva lokuva, ukuthetha, ukukhumbula, kunye neemvakalelo ezithile.

Zithini iindawo zendlebe? Ngaba singazahlulahlula zibe ziingceba?

Indlebe inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili, njengamagumbi endlu.

1. Indlebe yangaphandle `(indlebe yangaphandle / indlebe yangaphandle)`

2. Indlebe ephakathi

3. Indlebe yangaphakathi

I-eardrum yakho (i-tympanic membrane) yahlula indlebe yangaphandle kwindlebe ephakathi.

Indlebe Yangaphandle – Indlebe esiyibonayo!

Indlebe engaphandle yinxalenye yendlebe onokuyibona ngaphandle. Yile nto sithetha ngayo xa sisithi "indlebe". Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-auricle.I-pinna ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-eardrum . Yenziwe nge-cartilage (njengethambo elithambileyo) kunye nolusu. Ikwanazo nee-gland ezikhupha i-earwax, okanye i-earwax . I-Earwax yinto ekhuselayo egcina ukungcola kunye nenkunkuma ngaphandle. Indlebe engaphandle iqhagamshelwe kumjelo wendlebe, ongumzila omile njenge-funnel okhokelela kwi-eardrum.

Indlebe Ephakathi – Apho amathambo amancinci akhoyo!

Indlebe ephakathi iqala ngaphaya kwe-eardrum yakho (i-tympanic membrane). Ifana negumbi elincinci elizaliswe ngumoya. Kukho amathambo amathathu amancinci kakhulu apha - i-malleus , i-incus, kunye ne-stapes. La ngamathambo amancinci emzimbeni womntu! Oogqirha babiza la mathambo mathathu ndawonye ngokuba yi-ossicles . La mathambo adibene njengetyathanga kwaye athwala ukungcangcazela kwesandi ukusuka kwi-eardrum ukuya endlebeni engaphakathi.

Kwakhona, indlebe yakho ephakathi inento ebizwa ngokuba yi-Eustachian tubes . Le mibhobho idibanisa indlebe yakho ephakathi nomva womqala wakho. Xa uvuka, ukhohlela, okanye uginya, le mibhobho iyavuleka ize ivaleke ukuze ilingane uxinzelelo lomoya ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho noxinzelelo olungaphandle. Xa unyuka intaba okanye ubhabha ngenqwelomoya, kungenxa yalo mahluko woxinzelelo ukuba iindlebe zakho ziziva zixinene. Ngoko ke xa uvuka okanye uginya into ethile, ihamba kakuhle, akunjalo? Oko kungenxa yale mibhobho ye-Eustachian.

Indlebe Yangaphakathi – Eyona nxalenye inzima kakhulu!

Indlebe yangaphakathi yeyona ndawo inzima nethambileyo yendlebe. Kukho izakhiwo ezimbini eziphambili apha:

• I-Cochlea: Eli lilungu eliphambili lokuva. Limile okweqokobhe lenkumba. Ngaphakathi kukho amagumbi amabini azaliswe lulwelo, ngalinye linamawaka eeseli ezincinci zeenwele (i-stereocilia ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili). Xa isandi singena, ulwelo olukwi-cochlea luyangcangcazela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezi seli zincinci zeenwele zingcangcazele. Oku kudala iimpumlo zombane eziya engqondweni.
• Iimisele eziziiSemicircular: Sikhe sathetha ngazo ngaphambili. Ezi zinoxanduva lokulinganisela. Ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba zii-labyrinthines . Ekubeni ezi misele zintathu zithe nkqo, zinokuziva xa intloko yakho isiya nakweyiphi na indlela.

Ziziphi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iindlebe? Masiqaphele!

Iindlebe zethu zingaba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zezifo, usulelo, kunye neengxaki. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.

Usulelo lwendlebe (Usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi / i-Otitis media)

Usulelo lwendlebe, ingakumbi usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media), luxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. Kodwa lunokuchaphazela nabantu abadala. Luyenzeka xa iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane zihamba ngetyhubhu ye-Eustachian zisiya endlebeni ephakathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuvaleka. Iimpawu ziquka iintlungu zendlebe, umkhuhlane, kunye nokulahlekelwa kancinci kokuva.Iimpawu zingabandakanya: Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane adla ngokunikezelwa njengonyango. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima neziqhubekayo, umbhobho omncinci ('iityhubhu zendlebe') unokufuneka ufakwe endlebeni.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwetyhubhu ye-Eustachian

Le meko yenzeka xa iityhubhu ze-Eustachian ebesithethe ngazo ngaphambili zingasebenzi kakuhle, oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala zivaliwe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Eustachian tube dysfunction . Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwendlebe alulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Iimpawu ziquka i-tinnitus (isandi sokukhala), ukulahlekelwa kukuva, ukuziva ugcwele endlebeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha intlungu yendlebe . Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye ne-allergies.

Indlebe yomqubhi (i-Otitis externa)

Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "indlebe yombhukudi" kuba kudla ngokuvela kubantu abadada emanzini. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuba yi-otitis externa . Olu luhlobo losulelo lolusu lomjelo wendlebe ongaphandle. Lunokubangelwa ziintsholongwane okanye iifungi. Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba amanzi angena endlebeni aze angakhutshwa kakuhle. Iimpawu ziquka iintlungu zendlebe, ukurhawuzelelwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulwelo luphuma endlebeni . Inokwenzeka nokuba izinto ezifana ne-hair spray zingena emjelweni wendlebe, okanye ukuba umjelo wendlebe wonzakele ngenxa ye-cotton swabs.

Kubalulekile: Xa ucoca iindlebe zakho, ungaze ufake ii-cotton swabs okanye ezinye izinto ezibukhali emjelweni wendlebe. Ukwenza njalo kungonakalisa i-eardrum kwaye kubangele usulelo olufana nolu.

I-eardrum eqhekekileyo

Ukuba i-eardrum yakho (i-tympanic membrane) ivuleka, ibizwa ngokuba yi-ruptured eardrum. Usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi, ukubetheka endlebeni, iingxolo ezinkulu (njengokuqhuma okukhulu), okanye izinto zangaphandle ezinamathele endlebeni zinokubangela ukuba i-eardrum iphuke. Usenokuba neentlungu zendlebe ezingalindelekanga, eziqatha, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, kwaye mhlawumbi ukopha okuthile endlebeni . Uninzi lwexesha, i-eardrum ephukileyo iyaphola ngokwayo kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokufuna ukwenza inkqubo yotyando ebizwa ngokuba yi-tympanoplasty ukuyilungisa.

I-Otosclerosis

I-Otosclerosis kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwethambo elijikeleze amathambo amancinci (ii-ossicles) kwindlebe yakho ephakathi. Oku kubangela ukuba amathambo angangcangcazeli kakuhle. Oku kuthintela isandi ukuba singafikeleli kakuhle endlebeni yangaphakathi, kwaye ukulahleka kokuva kunokuqala. Idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abancinci, kwaye inokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Inganyangwa ngenkqubo yotyando (i-stapedectomy).

I-Perichondritis

I-PerichondritisLusulelo lwezicubu ezijikeleze i-cartilage endlebeni yakho yangaphandle (i-auricle). Oku kudla ngokuvela emva kokugqobhoza indlebe, ukwenzakala kwezemidlalo, ukulunywa zizinambuzane, okanye utyando lwendlebe. Indlebe iba bomvu, idumbe, kwaye ibe buhlungu . Oku kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo ngee-antibiotics. Ngaphandle koko, i-cartilage ingonakala.

I-Vestibular neuritis

I-Vestibular neuritis kukudumba komthambo we-vestibular ongaphakathi endlebeni yakho, okunceda ekulinganiseni. Inokwenzeka emva kosulelo lwentsholongwane. Abantu abanale meko baba nesiyezi esiqatha nesikhawulezileyo (vertigo), esinokuhamba nesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza . Ukuva akusoloko kuchaphazeleka. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza kwaye mhlawumbi nonyango lomzimba.

Isifo sikaMeniere

Le yimeko engapheliyo, okanye eqhubekayo, echaphazela indlebe yangaphakathi. Isifo sikaMeniere kucingelwa ukuba sibangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo lolwelo kwindlebe yangaphakathi. Iimpawu ziyafika zihambe. Iimpawu eziphambili yi-vertigo (imvakalelo yokujikeleza), ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), ukulahleka kokuva (ingakumbi izandi eziphantsi), kunye nokuziva ugcwele endlebeni . Uninzi lwexesha, luyaphola ngokwalo ngokuhamba kwexesha kwabanye abantu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima, utyando lunokufuneka.

Ukulimala kwendlebe

Ukulimala kwendlebe kunokubangelwa kukusika, ukwaphuka, kunye nokwenzakala ngamandla. Oku kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokulwa okanye iingozi. Ukuba umonakalo mkhulu, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze ulungiswe. Oku kungabandakanya utyando lokugcina ukuva okanye utyando lobuhle ukuphucula inkangeleko yendlebe.

Iithumba zendlebe

Iithumba zendlebe zinokuba zezingengomhlaza (ezingenobungozi) okanye ezinobungozi (ezinobungozi).

• Ukukhula okungenamhlaza: IiKeloids (amaqhuma afunyanwa ngabanye abantu xa begqobhoza indlebe), ii-sebaceous cysts , ii-osteomas, kunye nee-exostoses (ukukhula kwamathambo kwi-earlobe, ingakumbi kubantu abachitha ixesha elininzi emanzini abandayo). Ezi zihlala zifuna ukususwa ngotyando.
• Umhlaza: Iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu ezinokuchaphazela indlebe yi-melanoma, i-basal cell carcinoma, kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma . Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, kunye nokuba sele usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Zithini iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zendlebe? Ziqaphele ezi!

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezinokubonisa ukuba kukho into engalunganga endlebeni yakho. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, kulungile ukubona ugqirha.

• Intlungu yendlebe.
• Ukuziva ngathi unesifo sendlebe (umkhuhlane, ukubomvu kwendlebe).
• Ukuxinana kweendlebe, ukuziva ugcwele.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukukhala kweendlebe.
• Iindlebe ezirhawuzelelayo (ukuba zikrwelwa rhoqo).
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza (ingakumbi ukuba kuhamba nesiyezi).
• Ulwelo, ubomvu, okanye ukopha endlebeni.
• Ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus).

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukujonga iindlebe zakho?

Xa usiya kugqirha ngenxa yengxaki yendlebe, baza kusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya iindlebe zakho. Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya ukuva zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwethoni ecocekileyo: Olu luvavanyo lokuva olulula kakhulu. Ufakwa kwii-headphones uze ucelwe ukuba uphakamise isandla sakho okanye ucinezele iqhosha xa usiva uthotho lweengxolo ezithambileyo. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba amisele isandi esisezantsi onokusiva ngamandla kunye namaza ahlukeneyo.
• Uvavanyo lwendlebe ephakathi: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukuba i-eardrum yakho ihamba kakuhle kangakanani, ukuba injani uxinzelelo kwindlebe ephakathi, kunye nokuba i-eardrum yakho iqhumile na. I-Tympanometry lolunye lovavanyo olunjalo.
• Uvavanyo lwentetho: Ngamanye amaxesha, unokunikwa uvavanyo lwentetho ukuze kubonwe ukuba uve kakuhle kangakanani na amagama kunye nokuba uyakwazi ukuwaqonda kakuhle na ukuwaphinda.
• Impendulo ye-Auditory brainstem (ABR): Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uza kubeka ii-electrodes ezincinci entlokweni yakho nasemva kweendlebe zakho. Emva koko, baza kudlala izandi ezahlukeneyo ngee-headphones baze babone indlela i-auditory nerve yakho kunye ne-brainstem yakho ezisabela ngayo kwezo zandi. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kubantwana abancinci okanye kubantu abanengxaki yovavanyo lokuva rhoqo.
• Ukukhutshwa kwe-Otoacoustic (OAEs): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo iiseli zeenwele ezikwindlebe yakho yangaphakathi, i-cochlea. Xa isandi singena kwindlebe yangaphakathi, isandi esincinci kakhulu siphuma kwi-cochlea esempilweni (ebizwa ngokuba yi-otoacoustic emission, okanye i-OAE). Esi sandi silinganiswa ngokubeka imakrofoni encinci endlebeni yakho. Ukuba ulahlekelwe kakhulu kukuva, ezi OAE aziyi kuveliswa. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuva kweentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa.

Ndingazigcina njani iindlebe zam ziphilile? Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe!

Landela la macebiso alula ukugcina iindlebe zakho ziphilile ubomi bakho bonke:

• Gcina iindlebe zakho zomile: Xa uhlamba okanye uqubha, zama ukunciphisa amanzi angena ezindlebeni zakho. Ukuba ungena amanzi, sebenzisa izithinteli zeendlebe. Ukuba amanzi angena, jika intloko yakho ecaleni ukuze uyikhuphe.
• Musa ukusebenzisa ii-cotton swabs ukucoca umjelo wendlebe yakho! Le yimpazamo eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ii-cotton swabs zinokutyhala i-wax ngaphakathi ngakumbi kwaye zonakalise i-eardrum. Indlebe iya kuzicoca. Ukuba i-wax ininzi kakhulu, xelela ugqirha.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela: Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nesigcina-ntloko xa udlala imidlalo yokuthintana okanye usenza umsebenzi ongonakalisa iindlebe zakho.
• Mamela ngesandi esiphantsi: Xa umamele umculo okanye ubukele iimuvi ngee-headphones okanye ii-earphone, musa ukunyusa isandi kakhulu. Ukuhlala ixesha elide uphulaphule ingxolo enkulu kunokubangela ukulahlekelwa kukuva okungapheliyo.
• Zikhusele kwingxolo enkulu: Ukuba ukwiindawo ezinengxolo enkulu, njengakwifektri okanye kwikonsathi yomculo, nxiba ii-earplugs okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuzikhusela.
• Ugqirha makakuhlole rhoqo iindlebe zakho: Ugqirha makakuhlole iindlebe zakho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, okanye ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ezindlebeni zakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Mhlawumbi uyaqonda ngoku ukuba iindlebe zethu azilolungu nje kuphela. Zibalulekile ekuveni nasekugcineni ulungelelwano emzimbeni. Zifana noomatshini abancinci nabantsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwakho ukuzinyamekela kakuhle iindlebe zakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba azonakaliswa.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zendlebe, ukukhala kweendlebe (i-tinnitus), ukulahlekelwa kukuva, okanye isiyezi, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Angafumanisa unobangela wengxaki yakho aze akunike unyango olufanelekileyo. Khumbula, iindlebe zakho zibaluleke kakhulu kuwe! Zinyamekele.