Ngubani lo gqirha weentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo!

Ngaba usapho lwakho luza kongeza ilungu elitsha ? Okanye ngaba umhlobo okanye isalamane siza kuba nomntwana? Ngoko ke xa sithetha ngeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, ngamanye amaxesha siva ngo-'Neonatologist'. Ngubani lo Neonatologist? Wenza ntoni? Masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Ngubani lo gqirha weentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa?

Ngamafutshane, i-Neonatologist yingcali enyanga iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, ingakumbi iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa okanye iintsana ezineengxaki zempilo ezikhethekileyo kunye neemeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukhubazekile, le Neonatologist iya kuthatha ukhathalelo lomntwana wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ukuba kufunyaniswe ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuba umntwana unengxaki ethile yempilo, ungafumana uncedo kulo gqirha ukhethekileyo apho. Kwakhona, kwezinye iimeko, aba gqirha bakhona ngexesha lokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, kwigumbi lokubeleka, kwaye banika umntwana unyango olufunekayo ngoko nangoko.

Iingcali ze-Neonatologists zihlala zisebenza kwiiYunithi zoKhathalelo oluNzulu lweZifo eziSandulelayo (ii-NICU) zezibhedlele. Ezi NICU ziziko lokhathalelo olukhethekileyo olusebenza iiyure ezingama-24 kwiintsana ezigulayo okanye ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Emva kokuba umntwana wakho ebuyele ekhaya evela kwi-NICU, zinokubonelela ngononophelo olulandelayo kwaye zisebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho.

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yi-neonatologist?

Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le ngcali eyenzayo. Ingcali yezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ngumntu obonelela ngenkathalo ekhethekileyo kunye nengqalelo kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezinezifo ezinzulu, ukwenzakala, okanye iingxaki ukususela ekuzalweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuba kufunyenwe ingxaki yokuzalwa , kufuneka ungenelelo lwalo gqirha. Iingcali zezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zisebenza noogqirha bezonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana unazo zonke izibonelelo zonyango ezifunekayo ekuzalweni. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ukuba kuvela ingxaki engalindelekanga, aba gqirha bayafuneka.

Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezenziwa yi-Neonatologist:

• Ixilonga kwaye inyange izifo, usulelo, okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Ukulungelelaniswa kokhathalelo, utyando, kunye nolunye unyango olufunekayo kumntwanaUkwenza nokulawula.
• Uvavanyo olufana novavanyo lwegazi, ii-X-ray, ii-echocardiograms (EKGs), okanye ii-ultrasound ziyalelwe ukuba zijonge imeko yomntwana okanye ukusebenza kwamalungu omzimba.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintsana ezigulayo zifumana ukutya okunempilo.
• Unceda kwigumbi lokubelekisa aze anike unyango olukhawulezileyo kumntwana oneengxaki zempilo ekuzalweni kwakhe.
• Ukhathalelo losana luxoxwa noogqirha bokubelekisa kunye noogqirha bezifo zabesifazane, iingcali zonyango lomama nosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye noogqirha babantwana.
• Usapho lunikwa inkxaso yeemvakalelo efunekayo ngelixa umntwana ekwi-NICU.

Udinga nini ukubona i-neonatologist?

Kulungile, ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Kutheni ndingathanda ukubona ingcali efana nale?" Ungaqala ngokubona ingcali ye-neonatologist ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntwana wakho ongekazalwa ufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo sokukhubazeka esizalwa naso. Ezi zinokuba ziingxaki zesakhiwo kwenye yezitho zomntwana, okanye zinokuba zizifo zemfuza ezifana ne -cystic fibrosis . Iingcali ze-neonatologist zisebenza noogqirha be-obstetric kunye noogqirha be-gynecologists (OBGYNs) kunye neengcali zoomama-abasandul' ukuzalwa ukunceda ukulawula ukhathalelo lomntwana wakho ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuzalwa. Bakwafuna uncedo lwengcali ye-neonatologist ukuba kukho ingxaki yempilo engalindelekanga, engalindelekanga okanye ukwenzakala ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni ungabonana nogqirha we-neonatologist:

• Ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kusemngciphekweni omkhulu.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukuba umntwana ongekazalwa ufunyaniswe enesifo sokuzalwa.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukuba umntwana wenzakele ngexesha lokuzalwa.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uzelwe enesifo okanye esinye isifo.
• Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki engalindelekanga eyenzekayo ngexesha okanye emva kokuzalwa.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo ezinyangwa yi-neonatologist?

Iingcali zeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zinyanga iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezigulayo, ezenzakeleyo, okanye ezifuna unyango olukhethekileyo emva kokuzalwa. Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo abazinyangayo:

• Izitho zomzimba ezingekakhuli kakuhle okanye ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhle.
• Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa okanye ukuthintelwa kokukhula kosana olusandul' ukuzalwa.
• Iingxaki zokuzalwa okanye iingxaki zokuzalwa.
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla okanye zokuphefumla.
• Izifo zentliziyo ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo, iiSeptal Defects, okanye iBradycardia.
• Iimeko ezinje ngokuxhuzula okanye ukopha engqondweni.
• Iswekile ephantsi egazini (Iswekile ephantsi egazini okanye iHypoglycemia).
• Iityhubhu zokutyisa ukuze kulawulwe isondlo nokukhula okanye ukubonelela ngokutya.
• I-Jaundice okanye ezinye iingxaki zesibindi okanye zezintso.
• Ukulimala Ekuzalweni.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-neonatologist kunye ne-general psychiatrist?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Ingcali yezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ngokwenene ngugqirha wabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, uqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukunyanga iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, oko kukuthi, iintsana ezifuna unyango olukhethekileyo, ezinesigulo okanye ukwenzakala okuthile. Iingcali zezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ziqala ngokufunda ngonyango lwabantwana, zize emva koko zifumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwi-neonatology. Ingqwalasela yazo yonke ikwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezisengozini yokufa ngenxa yesifo esithile okanye ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wezifo zabantwana jikelele ngugqirha owenza uvavanyo lwempilo rhoqo kwaye anyange izifo ebantwaneni ukususela ngomhla abazalwa ngawo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wezifo zabantwana abancinci kunye nogqirha wezifo zabantwana jikelele basebenzisana ukunyamekela umntwana.

Ngamafutshane, wonke ugqirha weentsana ngugqirha wabantwana, kodwa ayinguye wonke ugqirha wabantwana ongugqirha weentsana!

Umntu uba njani yi-Neonatologist?

Le yingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu. I-Neonatology yenye into ekhethekileyo kwicandelo le-Pediatrics. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze ube yi-Neonatologist, kufuneka uqale uqeqeshwe njengoGqirha wezingane.

Makhe sibone ukuba olu hambo luhamba njani:

1. Okokuqala, kufuneka uye eyunivesithi uze ufumane isidanga seBachelor.

2. Emva koko, kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kwiKholeji yezoNyango (i-MCAT) kwaye ubhalise kwisikolo sezonyango.

3. Emva kwesikolo sezonyango,Kufuneka ugqibezele inkqubo yokuhlala kwiPediatrics. Le ndawo yokuhlala ihlala iminyaka emithathu. Ngeli xesha, ufumana amava amaninzi okusebenza nabantwana esibhedlele.

4. Emva koqeqesho lokuhlala, kufuneka ugqibezele ubudlelane kwi-neonatal intensive care okanye kwi-neonatology. Le nkqubo yobudlelane ihlala eminye iminyaka emithathu.

5. Inyathelo lokugqibela kukuqinisekiswa yiBhodi yiBhodi yaseMelika yePediatrics kunye neSub-Board yeNeonatal-Perinatal Medicine.

Khawuthelekelele, emva kokwenza konke oku , kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka eli-11 ukuba yi-Neonatologist eqinisekiswe yiBhodi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-14.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezenziwa yi-neonatologist?

Iingcali zeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukulawula impilo yomntwana wakho. Kukwakho nezixhobo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zokunyamekela umntwana wakho kwi-NICU. Ukuba umntwana wakho udinga utyando, ingcali yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa iya kusebenza nogqirha wotyando lomntwana wakho.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziingcali ze-neonatologists:

• Unyango lokuPhefumla - Umzekelo, Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lomoya (CPAP), i-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), i-Ventilator, njl.
• Unyango lokufudumeza iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ezingakwaziyo ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba wazo.
• Unyango lokuphola lomntwana onomonakalo engqondweni.
• Unyango olulula lokunyanga isifo senyongo.
• Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (IV), amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye namanye amayeza, okanye utofelo-gazi.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa udibana nogqirha weentsana ezisanda kuzalwa?

Ukuba undwendwela ugqirha weentsana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, baya kuqala bakuchazele ngesifo okanye imeko ocinga ukuba umntwana wakho unayo. Banokuxoxa ngesicwangciso sonyango; nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokungaziwa ngokupheleleyo de kube semva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Iingcali zeentsana zijonga ukukhulelwa kwakho de umntwana azalwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana, ugqirha weentsana unokunceda ekubelekeni umntwana okanye amdlulisele kwi-NICU ukuze anyanyekelwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba, ngequbuliso, umntwana wakho uzalwa enesimo sempilo esingalindelekanga, ugqirha weentsana uza kukuchazela ngesi simo aze akuxelele indlela aceba ukumnyanga ngayo umntwana.Baza kuthetha ngeengozi kunye neenzuzo zonyango kunye noko unokukulindela. Musa ukoyika ukubabuza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nemeko okanye ukunyamekelwa komntwana wakho. Lilungelo lakho.

Ngaba iingcali ze-neonatologists zizalisa abantwana?

Ewe, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, iingcali zooGqirha beZifo eziSandulelayo ziyanceda ekubelekiseni abantwana. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo esifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, ingcali yooGqirha beZifo eziSandulelayo iza kunceda ugqirha wakho wooGqirha kwigumbi lokubelekisa.

Ingaba ingcali yezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ngugqirha okanye umongikazi?

Oku kuyinto ekufuneka uyazi ngokucacileyo. Ingcali yezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ngugqirha. Ngabantu abagqibe izifundo zabo kwisikolo sezonyango.

Ngoko ke, iiNeonatologists ngababoneleli bezempilo abagxile ekunyangeni iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezineengxaki zempilo okanye iziphene zokuzalwa. Ungadibana neNeonatologist ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, okanye ungadinga uncedo lwabo emva kokuba umntwana wakho ezelwe. IiNeonatologists zikho ukuze zibonelele ngononophelo olungcono kumntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhula esempilweni, nokuba iminyaka yakhe yokuqala yobomi inokuba yoyikeka kancinci.

Zeziphi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo esifuna ukuzithatha ekhaya kweli nqaku?

Kulungile, ngoko ke, kuzo zonke ezi ntetho, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule zezi:

• Ingcali yeentsana ngugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, ingakumbi ezo zizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ezineengxaki zempilo ezinzima.
• Bahlala besebenza kwii-NICU zezibhedlele (iiYunithi zoKhathalelo oluNzulu lweZifo eziSandulelayo).
• Ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kusemngciphekweni omkhulu, ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki ekuzalweni kwakhe, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, unokufuna uncedo lwengcali yezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Ingcali yezifo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ikwangugqirha wabantwana, kodwa ingumntu ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olongezelelweyo kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha weentsana imibuzo malunga nemeko yomntwana wakho.

Khumbula, ukuba umntwana wakho udinga uncedo lweengcali ezinje, oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana unyango olungcono kakhulu. Ngoko ke hlala uqinile.

Iintsana ezisandul ' ukuzalwa, Ingcali yeZifo eziSasazwayo, Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, I-NICU, Iingxaki zokuzalwa, IiPediatrics, Ukhathalelo lweZifo eziSasazwayo