Ingaba unomthambo omkhulu wegazi ovuvukele ngaphakathi esiswini sakho? (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm) - Masiqaphele oku!

Ngaba wakha weva ngemithambo yegazi enkulu esiswini sakho evuvuka njengebhaluni? Oku kusenokuvakala kusoyikisa, kodwa ukuba uyazi, unokulawula izinto ezininzi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo, ebizwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-`(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)` okanye `(AAA)`. Ngamafutshane, inxalenye yodonga olukhulu lwesisu (i-Aorta) iba buthathaka kwaye idumbe.

Yintoni le Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu?

Kulungile, masiqale sibone ukuba yintoni le `(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)` ngokulula. Umthambo wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni wakho yi-aorta, okanye `(Aorta)`. Cinga ngayo njengombhobho ophambili othwala amanzi ukusuka kwitanki yamanzi ukuya endlwini yonke. Igazi elimpontshwa yintliziyo yethu lisasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba ngale `(Aorta)`. Inxalenye yale `(Aorta)` edlula esiswini ibizwa ngokuba yi `(Abdominal Aorta)`.

Ngoku, kwi-`(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)`, indawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lwe-aorta yesisu iyavuthuluka, njengebhaluni evuthuzayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iindonga ze-`(Aorta)` zethu ziqinile kwaye ziguquguquka. Yenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela entliziyweni.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sikhula, ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwecuba (ezifana nokutshaya icuba), kunye neemeko ezithile zempilo, udonga lwale `(Aorta)` lunokuba buthathaka. Xa lubuthathaka, alukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye `(Aorta)` iqala ukudumba ukusuka kuloo ndawo ibuthathaka. Olu qhuma luya lukhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba une-AAA ukuba inxalenye ye-aorta inkulu ubuncinane ngama-50% kunesiqhelo. Kubantu abaninzi, oku kuthetha ukudumba okumalunga neesentimitha ezi-3 ububanzi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba njengoko oku kudumba (`Aneurysm`) kusanda, umngcipheko wokudumba (`Rupture`) uyakhula. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokubangela ukopha okugqithisileyo emzimbeni kwaye kube yingozi ebomini. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu ngakumbi kwi-`Aneurysm`` engaphezulu kwe-5.0 centimeters kubasetyhini kunye ne-5.5 centimeters kumadoda.

Rhoqo, i-AAA ayibonisi zimpawu ide iqhume. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba unazo na izinto ezinokubangela ukuba ube ne-AAA kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha ukuze uzilawule.

Ingxamiseko!

Ukuba ngequbuliso uva iintlungu eziqatha esiswini sakho okanye emqolo ongezantsi, oko kungaba luphawu lwe-AAA eza kuqhuma. Usenokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla, isiyezi, kunye nokuhlanza. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka , kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le `(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)`?

Oku akuqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga.

• Malunga ne-1.4% yabantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-84 eMelika banale meko. Loo nto ithetha ukuba malunga ne-1.1 yezigidi zabantu.
• Ichaphazela phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yamadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala . Umngcipheko wokufumana i-AAA uphindaphindeka kabini kwiminyaka elishumi nganye yobudala.
• Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kane okuba nale ngxaki kunabafazi.
• Ivela kwi-1% yabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala abanembali yokutshaya.

Uphando luye lwafumanisa ngakumbi:

• Nangona ezi `(Aneurysm)` (ukudumba) zinokwenzeka naphi na kwi`(Aorta)`, zixhaphake kakhulu kummandla wesisu. Ama-75% azo zonke `(Aortic Aneurysm)` yi`(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)`.
• `(AAA)` ixhaphake kakhulu kwabamhlophe, abamnyama, kunye nama-Asia.
• Oku kudla ngokwenzeka kumadoda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kwenzeka kumfazi, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba kuqhume, nokuba kuncinci. Kunokwenzeka nakwamanye amalungu osapho.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu?

Uninzi lwabantu alubonakali zimpawu de kube sele kuqalile ukuqhuma i-"AAA". Nangona kunjalo, xa sele kuqalile ukuqhuma, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Intlungu engapheliyo nenzulu emqolo ongezantsi okanye esiswini.
• Intlungu emlenzeni, emqolo, okanye kwindawo ye-pelvic.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okuvakala ngathi kukubetha kwentliziyo esiswini. (Oku kusenokuviwa ngabantu abathile ababhityileyo, kodwa ukuba yinto entsha, kufuneka ukhathazeke).

I-AAA eqhumayo yingxamiseko yezonyango! Iimpawu zingaqala ngequbuliso:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini, emqolo osezantsi, okanye emilenzeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Ulusu lunamathela kwaye lubila.

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa okomzuzwana, yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko!

Zithini izizathu ze-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu?

Ngamafutshane, i-AAA ibangelwa bubuthathaka eludongeni lwe-aorta. Obu buthathaka bubangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezingqongileyo kunye nemfuza. Oko kwenzekayo akukaqondwa ngokupheleleyo.

Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kungonakalisa iiproteni ezenza udonga lwe-aorta, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lungaqini. Kwakhona, i-aorta inokuba buthathaka ngenxa yokugcwala kwamafutha kwimithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis). Xa la mafutha eqokelelana ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukudumba nokufa kweeseli kunokwenzeka kwiileya zodonga lwe-artery. Xa izinto ezakhiweyo ze-aorta ziqhekeka, i-aorta iba buthathaka kwaye inokudumba ngokulula ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-"Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm"?

Ezi zinto zinobungozi zinempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lwe-`(AAA):

• Ukuba nembali yokusebenzisa icuba:Abaphandi bathi ukutshaya ubuncinci iicuba ezili-100 ebomini bakho yingxaki. Umngcipheko uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni usele usele icuba elingakanani (okukhona usele usele icuba elingakumbi, kokukhona umngcipheko uphezulu).
• Ukukhula kweminyaka: Umngcipheko wokuba ne-AAA uyanda njengoko ukhula (emva kweminyaka engama-50 kumadoda, emva kweminyaka engama-65 kubafazi).
• Isondo ngexesha lokuzalwa: Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okukhula `(AAA)`.
• Ukuba nembali yosapho (AAA): Oku kubalulekile. Ukuba omnye wezalamane zakho ezikwinqanaba lokuqala (abazali, abantwana, abantakwenu okanye abantakwenu) unayo (AAA), nawe usengozini yokuba nayo ibe yi-10% ukuya kwi-20%. Olu nxulumano luphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabazalwana abangamadoda.

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko:

• Igazi elonyukayo.
• Ukuba nohlobo oluthile lwesifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-atherosclerotic (ASCVD). Oku kuquka isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD) kunye nesifo semithambo yentliziyo (PAD).
• Ukuba nesifo esizuzwe njengelifa semithambo yegazi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-`(AAA)`?

Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm. Oku kubangela ukufa phakathi kwe-150,000 kunye ne-200,000 kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le. I-AAA eqhekekileyo inokubangela ukopha kwangaphakathi okusongela ubomi. Umngcipheko uyanda njengoko i-aneurysm ikhula.

Ungayixilonga njani i-`(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)`?

Ngenxa yokuba ii-AAA azisoloko zibangela iimpawu, oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga ii-AAA ezingaphazamisekanga ngexesha lovavanyo lwezinye iimeko zempilo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-AAA ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo okanye ezinye izizathu, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• I-ultrasound yesisu esiphindwe kabini: Olu lolona vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo, olungenazintlungu, nolulula.
• I-CT Angiogram (i-computed tomography angiogram - CTA): Oku kuvumela umbono oneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu

Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba abantu abasengozini yokuba ne-AAA benze uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound. Olu luvavanyo olulula nolungabuhlungu. Lunokujonga ukuba kukho i-AAA. Ukuba ikhona, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela ii-ultrasound ezongezelelweyo ngamaxesha athile (ngesiqhelo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12) ukuze ayijonge. Ukuba iba nkulu kakhulu okanye kukho ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuqhekeka, kunokucetyiswa utyando.

Iphathwa njani i-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

Unyango luxhomekeke kubungakanani be-aneurysm, njengoko le yeyona nto iphambili emisela umngcipheko wokuqhekeka. Ii-aneurysms ezincinci zisenokungafuni unyango olukhawulezileyo.Kunoko, ugqirha uza kujonga i-aneurysm nge-ultrasound okanye i-CT scans rhoqo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-surveillance . Ii-aneurysms ezinkulu zinokufuna utyando.

`(AAA)` Ukubeka esweni (`Ukubeka esweni`)

Ngokubanzi, kufanelekile ukujonga i-AAA ukuba ububanzi bayo bungaphantsi kwe-5.5 cm kumadoda kwaye bungaphantsi kwe-5.0 cm kubasetyhini. Kwakhona, i-aneurysm ayifanele ibangele naziphi na iimpawu.

Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-aneurysm, kunokufuneka wenze i-ultrasound okanye i-CT scan rhoqo . Ii-aneurysms ezinkulu zinokufuna uvavanyo oluqhubekayo. Ukuba usondele kwinqanaba lonyango, unokufuna i-CT scan endaweni ye-ultrasound. Kuya kufuneka ulandele ugqirha wakho ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela:

• Zeziphi iinguqu kwindlela yokuphila ekufuneka uzenze? Oku kuquka ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa icuba, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokuzilolonga.
• Ngawaphi amayeza ekufuneka uwasebenzise ukulawula iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye i-cholesterol ephezulu?

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye namayeza awayi kuyinciphisa i-aneurysm (okwangoku akukho nyango lunokwenza njalo). Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo anokunceda ukunciphisa izinga apho i-aneurysm iba nkulu khona kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wezinye iingxaki zentliziyo. Abaphandi basakhangela amayeza kunye nolunye unyango olunokucothisa okanye luyekise ukukhula kwe-AAA ezincinci.

Utyando lwe-`(AAA)`

I-AAA yakho ingadinga utyando kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• I-aneurysm ithathwa njenge-5.5 cm okanye ngaphezulu ngobukhulu kumadoda kunye ne-5.0 cm okanye ngaphezulu kubasetyhini. (Ezinye iziko ezikhethekileyo zingacebisa utyando lobukhulu obuncinci, kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho iyonke, iprofayili yomngcipheko, kunye nezinye izinto.)
• Nokuba ingakanani na i-aneurysm, ukuba ibangela iimpawu.
• Ukuba i-aneurysm iqhumile, kufuneka utyando olukhawulezileyo ukuze kusindiswe ubomi bakho.

Utyando lwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm ngokususa inxalenye ebuthathaka ye-aorta ize ithathelwe indawo ngetyhubhu yokwenziwa (i-graft) okanye ngokufaka i-lining entsha (i-graft) ngaphakathi kwe-aorta. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zotyando zokwenza oku:

• Utyando lokulungisa i-aneurysm evulekileyo yesintu: Apha, isisu siyavulwa kwaye inxalenye eyonakeleyo ye-aorta iyatshintshwa.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular aneurysm (EVAR): Oku kuquka ukwenza umngxuma omncinci emlenzeni ongasentla nokufaka i-stent graft kwi-aorta ukuze kugqunywe i-aneurysm. Oku akudingi mngxuma mkhulu.

Oogqirha kunye nezigulane ngokubanzi bakhetha inkqubo ye-EVAR yotyando olukhethiweyo kuba kulula ukuchacha kuyo kwaye inethuba elingcono lokusinda kwixesha elifutshane. Ukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-aorta lufanelekile, i-EVAR inokubonelela ngokulungiswa kwexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wenze i-ultrasound okanye i-CT scan rhoqo ngonyaka ukujonga ukulungiswa. Utyando oluvulekileyo lunokuba lukhetho olukhuselekileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile (ezifana neminyaka yakho okanye uhlobo lwe-aorta). Inkqubo nganye ineengenelo kunye neengxaki zayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngale nto, kwaye kunye ninokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo.

I-aneurysm eqhumayo ifuna utyando olukhawulezileyo ukuze inikwe ithuba lokusindisa ubomi.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinayo le meko?

Imbono yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubungakanani be-aneurysm, ixesha elithathayo ukuze ufumane unyango, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukubuza ukuba ulindele ntoni. Ukwazi kakuhle wena kunye nembali yakho yempilo.

Ngaba i-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu ingathintelwa?

Okwangoku akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela ukwakheka kwe-AAA. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unomzali, umntakwenu, okanye umntwana oye waba ne-AAA, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angacebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-ultrasound ukujonga iimpawu ze-aneurysm.

Nokuba unembali yosapho okanye awunayo, ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko kwaye ugcine impilo yakho yentliziyo iyonke. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngezi zinto:

• Ukuyeka njani ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye icuba?
• Uyenza njani isicwangciso sokuzilolonga esikufaneleyo?
• Ungayilandela njani indlela yokutya okunempilo yentliziyo?
• Ulawula njani uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini?
• Ungayinciphisa njani indlela yokusebenzisa utywala?

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-`(AAA)`, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo enikiweyo ngugqirha wakho. Uza kukunika iingcebiso ngokweemfuno zakho. Ngokubanzi, nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Yiya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zakho zonyango kunye novavanyo olulandelayo.
• Yenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo oluxhasa impilo yakho. Qala ngezinto ezincinci uze uzibekele usukelo onokulufikelela.
• Sela amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ufuna amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba wenze iinkqubo ezithile zamazinyo okanye zonyango. Abanye abantu bayawadinga ukuthintela usulelo emva kotyando lokulungisa i-aneurysm.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Fowunela ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi:

• Iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezitshintshayo.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza.
• Imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nemeko yakho okanye isicwangciso sonyango.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ufanele uye kangaphi kwintlanganiso. Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo ukuze ujonge ezi zinto:

• Ngaba i-`(AAA)` iya kuba nkulu, okanye kukho umngcipheko wokuba iqhume?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki emva kwe-EVAR, ezifana ne-endoleak (ukuvuza kwegazi okujikeleze i-graft), okanye ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwakhona?

Yiya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zakho ukuze ugqirha wakho akwazi ukujonga imeko yakho aze akuncede uhlale usempilweni.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba uneempawu zokuqhuma kwe-AAA, njengentlungu engxamisekileyo neqatha esiswini sakho okanye emqolo ongezantsi , fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ndisemngciphekweni wokuba ne-`(AAA)`?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lokuhlolwa kwe-`(AAA)`?
• Zeziphi iinguqu zendlela yokuphila ekufuneka ndizenze ukuze ndinciphise umngcipheko wam?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba une-`(AAA)`, angakubuza le mibuzo ukuze afumane ulwazi oluthe kratya:

• Ingakanani i-aneurysm?
• Ngaba ucebisa ukubekwa esweni okanye utyando?
• Yeyiphi indlela yotyando engcono kum?
• Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zotyando?
• Iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphila?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo zokulandelela endiza kuzifuna emva kotyando?
• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwam ofuna ukuvavanywa `(AAA)`?

Ukufumanisa ukuba une-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm kunokuba yinto enzima neyoyikisayo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ugqirha wakho uyazi ukuba unayo. Ukwazi ukuba unayo linyathelo lokuqala lokukugcina usempilweni. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga imeko yakho aze akucebise unyango xa kuyimfuneko. Uza kukuxelela nezinto onokuzenza kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ukuthintela i-aneurysm ukuba ingabi nkulu okanye iqhume.

Khumbula njengesishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezona nyani zibalulekileyo malunga ne-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm okanye i-AAA esithethe ngayo namhlanje.

• I-aortic aneurysm (AAA) kukuncipha nokuvuvukala komthambo wegazi oyintloko esiswini (i-aorta).
• Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo kwizigaba zokuqala.
• Amadoda amadala atshayayo asengozini enkulu. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onalo, kukho ingozi.
• Eyona ngozi inkulu kukuba oku kungaqhuma (`Rupture`) . Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kungabeka ubomi esichengeni.
• Ukuba unentlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso esiswini okanye emqolo, kunye nezinye iimpawu, yingxaki engxamisekileyo. Yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
• Kubalulekile ukuba abo baneengxaki zomngcipheko benze uvavanyo lokuhlolwa njengoko becetyiswe ngugqirha.
• NjengonyangoKunokwenziwa uhlolo okanye utyando. Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-aneurysm kunye nezinye izinto.
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu.

Khumbula, kungcono ukwaziswa uze uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo kunokoyika oku. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho uze ukhethe unyango nendlela yokuphila ekufaneleyo.

I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu , i-AAA, ukudumba kwe-Aorta, ukugqabhuka kwemithambo yegazi, iintlungu zesisu, isifo sentliziyo, ukutshaya