Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide? Ngaba ingqalelo yakhe iyazulazula ngokukhawuleza? Okanye ngaba wenza izinto ngokungxama nangokungxama? Ezi zidla ngokuba ziimpawu ze- ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ) . Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Phakathi kwazo, siza kuthetha ngekhemikhali esengqondweni yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Dopamine' namhlanje.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-dopamine?
Ngamafutshane, i-dopamine sisithunywa sekhemikhali esithumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni yethu. Ngokwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-neurotransmitter. Le khemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine ibandakanyeka kwizinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu kunokuba sicinga.
Cinga ngayo, oku kufana 'neKhemikhali yokuKhuthaza' engqondweni yethu. Oko kukuthi, ikhemikhali esikhuthaza ukuba senze into ethile, isenze sonwabe, kwaye isigcine sigxile.
Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-dopamine :
- Inkumbulo yethu
- Inkuthazo
- Isimo sengqondo
- Iintshukumo zomzimba (iintshukumo ze-ENT )
- Ingqwalasela
- Ulonwabo kunye nomvuzo
- Ukulala
- Ukufunda
- Ukuziphatha
Ukuba umntwana wakho une -dopamine eyaneleyo emzimbeni wakhe, uya kuhlala evuya, ephaphile, egxile, kwaye enomdla wokwenza into ethile. Kodwa ukuba la manqanaba aphantsi, unokuba buthathaka, abe lusizi, kwaye alale. Usenokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, iingxaki zokulala , kunye nobunzima bokugxila.
Kodwa kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amanqanaba e-dopamine aphezulu kakhulu ? Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni namandla agqithisileyo, ukungakwazi ukulala, ukuziphatha ngendlela erhabaxa, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukulawula iminqweno.
Yintoni enxulumene ne-ADHD kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-dopamine?
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye ne-dopamine buyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa masiyigcine ilula.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ingqondo yethu ivelisa i-dopamine ngokwendalo. Ngoku khawucinge ukuba sisebenzisa i-dopamine ukuthumela umyalezo phakathi kweeseli ezimbini zemithambo-luvo engqondweni yethu . Emva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe, i-dopamine eseleyo ibuyiselwa kwiseli yokuqala. Kukho iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezinceda kule nkqubo yokuyithatha, esizibiza ngokuba zii-dopamine transporters .
Cinga ngezi zithuthi njengezinto ezincinci ‘zokucoca i-vacuum.’ Nje ukuba umyalezo we-dopamine ugqitywe, ezi ‘zihlambululi ze-vacuum’ ziyangena zize zisuse i-dopamine eseleyo.
Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba abantwana abane-ADHD banezi 'vacuum cleaners' ezininzi kakhulu , okanye ii-dopamine transporters, engqondweni yabo, okanye ukuba basebenza kakhulu . Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ngaphambi kokuba i-dopamine ikwazi ukuhambisa umyalezo ngokufanelekileyo, ii-transporters ziyafika zize zisuse i-dopamine ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-dopamine ihlala kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ixesha elincinci kakhulu. Oku kuthathwa njengesona sizathu siphambili sokuba ingqalelo kunye nolawulo lokuziphatha kuchaphazeleke kwi-ADHD.
Iyintoni unyango lwe-ADHD?
Izikhuthazi zezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zamayeza ezinikwa ngoogqirha ukulawula i-ADHD. La mayeza athintela okwethutyana umsebenzi wezinto ezithutha i-dopamine esithethe ngazo ngaphambili.
Oko kuthetha ukuba 'i-vacuum cleaner' yenziwa kancinci. Emva koko, ngenxa yokuba i-dopamine ihlala phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ixesha elide, ukutshintshiselana kwemiyalezo yengqondo kuyenzeka ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni ingqalelo yomntwana nokulawula indlela aziphethe ngayo .
Kwakhona, ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba abantwana abane-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-DAT1 banomsebenzi ophezulu wezi zithuthi ze-dopamine, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho impembelelo ye-genetic.
| Igama eliqhelekileyo lesiyobisi | Iimpawu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo (Imizekelo) |
|---|---|
| I-Methylphenidate | Ritalin, Concerta, Aptensio XR, Daytrana |
| I-Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine | I-Adderall, i-Adderall XR, i-Mydayis |
| I-Dexmethylphenidate | IFocalin, iFocalin XR |
| I-Lisdexamfetamine | Vyvanse |
| I-Dextroamphetamine | I-Dexedrine, i-Dextrostat |
Okubaluleke kakhulu: La mayeza afanele anikwe abantwana kuphela ngengcebiso yengcali. Ugqirha uya kumisela idosi echanekileyo ngokusekelwe kubunzima bomntwana, ubudala bakhe, kunye neempawu zakhe. Ukuba idosi ayichanekanga, endaweni yokuphucula ingqalelo, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukugxila.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kula mayeza?
Ewe, njengayo nayiphi na imithi, zinokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwexesha ezi azibalulekanga kangako. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngale nto aze akuncede ulawule yonke into.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye noko kufuneka ukwenze | |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci ezinokuthi zenzeke ekuqaleni zize ziphele kwiiveki ezimbalwa | |
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Isisu esibuhlungu |
| Isiyezi | Umlomo owomileyo |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kancinci | |
| Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, yazisa ugqirha wakho. | |
| Umnqweno wokutya | Ukungalali |
| Ukuhla ukusinda | Ukungazoli/ukuxhalaba |
| Ukwenza intshukumo okanye isandi esifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo (iiTics) | |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo | |
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Ukunganyamezelani okubangelwa kukurhawuzelelwa lusu |
| Iingxaki ezinzulu zentliziyo okanye imithambo yegazi (umz., iintlungu zesifuba, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza) | |
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha wakho uza kulungisa idosi okanye akutshintshele kwenye iyeza. Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha iyeza okanye utshintshe idosi ngokwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayikokuba nje umntwana uvilapha okanye ukuziphatha kakubi, kodwa yimeko yokwenyani yempilo enxulumene nekhemistri yobuchopho.
- Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-chemical dopamine engqondweni luyimbangela ephambili yoku.
- Kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu koku. Amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nonyango lokuziphatha lunokunceda umntwana ukuba aphile ubomi obuphumelelayo.
- Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho emva kokuba uqalise amayeza. Musa ukoyika, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhululekileyo. Uza kukunika isikhokelo esifunekayo.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD, nceda ubone ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo.
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