Xa umntwana wakho efunyaniswa ukuba une-ADHD, okanye i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, kunokuba nzima ukuyichazela abanye. Usapho lwakho nabahlobo bakho basenokuba bathi umntwana wakho "unenkani," "akaphulaphuli," okanye "uvila." Kodwa kubalulekile ukumenza aqonde ukuba oku akubangelwa bubuvila, ubuvila, okanye impazamo yokukhuliswa kwakho, kodwa yimeko yezonyango. Xa uyichaza ngaloo ndlela, kulula ukuba bavelane nomntwana wakho baze bamncede.
Uyichaza njani i-ADHD kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho?
Ukuxelela usapho lwakho, kuquka abazali bakho, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, kwanabahlobo bakho abasenyongweni, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kunokuba ucinga. Abanye basenokungayithathi nzulu loo nto. Banokuthi, "Kunjalo kanye, besiziindlobongela xa sasisengabantwana." Abanye basenokuthandabuza isigqibo sakho sokunika umntwana wakho amayeza. Ngoko ke, singabanceda njani aba bantu ukuba bavumelane neqela elinceda umntwana wakho?
Nazi ezinye iindlela ezilula zokunceda:
- Lungiselela kancinci ngaphambi kokuba uthethe: Zibone ngeliso lengqondo iingongoma oza kuzibeka engqondweni yakho. Okanye uzibhale ephepheni. Oku kuya kukunceda uthethe ngokuzithemba nangokucacileyo.
- Kungcono ukuthetha wedwa : Cinga ukuba uza kuxelela umakhulu wakho ngale nto. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthetha xa inguwe naye kuphela, kunokuba uthethe xa kukho abantu abaninzi apho. Ngale ndlela, uya kuziva ekhululekile ukukubuza nayiphi na imibuzo anayo ngaphandle kokoyika.
- Qala incoko ngento eyakhayo: "Mama, ndiyayixabisa yonke into oyenzela umntwana wethu." Qala ngokutsho ukuba loo mntu ubaluleke kangakanani ebomini bomntwana wakho.
- Cacisa imeko: Cacisa ezinye zeendlela umntwana aziphethe ngazo. Nika imizekelo yendlela ahluke ngayo kumntwana oqhelekileyo (umntwana oqhelekileyo we-neurotypic). Cacisa ukuba loluphi unyango olunikwe ngugqirha (unyango lokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha, amayeza, okanye zombini). Cacisa ukuba zeziphi iinjongo zakho kunye nendlela onokubanceda ngayo ukuba bazifezekise. Bameme ukuba babuze imibuzo. Oku kuya kukunceda ufumane ukuba yintoni abayiqondayo kunye nento abangayiqondiyo.
- Gxila kwizinto ezilungileyo: Endaweni yokubeka imithetho ethi, "Musa ukwenza oku, musa ukwenza okuya," cebisa izinto ezintle abanokuzenzela zona. Umzekelo, endaweni yokukhomba iimpazamo zomntwana wabo, bacele ukuba bamncome xa esenza into encinci nelungileyo.
- Yabelana ngezinto ozifundileyo:Baxelele oko ukufundileyo kugqirha womntwana wakho. Baxelele ngeendlela ezintsha oziqheliselayo ngoku nomntwana wakho. Ukuba unemibuzo ngayo, ungabamema ukuba beze kubona ugqirha nawe.
| Inyani | Ungayenza njani loo nto? |
|---|---|
| Ukulungiselela | Cinga kwangaphambili uze ucwangcise into ofuna ukuyithetha. |
| Ixesha elifanelekileyo | Khetha ixesha apho ninokuncokola nodwa nangokukhululekileyo. |
| Ingcaciso | Cacisa nje ukuba yintoni i-ADHD, indlela echaphazela ngayo umntwana, kunye nonyango. |
| Cela uncedo | Cebisa ngezinto ezilula nezilungileyo abanokuzenza, njengokuncoma umntwana wabo xa ebona into entle. |
Uthetha njani nabahlobo bomntwana wakho ngale nto?
Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kubantwana abane-ADHD ukusebenzisana noontanga babo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu. Yiyo loo ndlela izakhono zentlalo eziphuhliswa ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba luncedo kumntwana ukuxelela abahlobo bakhe ukuba une-ADHD. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokunceda umntwana wakho aqhele.
- Yenza izinto zibe lula: Umntwana wakho usenokuthi, "Ndine-ADHD. Kunzima kum ukugxila nokugxila." Umzekelo, ukuba akakwazi ukulandela imithetho ngelixa edlala umdlalo, zama ukucela uxolo uthi, "Ndiyaxolisa, kuba ndine-ADHD, ngamanye amaxesha ndiyalibala izinto. Ndizama ukusebenzela kuyo."
- Mvumele athethe ngamazwi akhe: Umntwana wakho angachazela umhlobo wakhe into elula, njengokuthi, "Ndifuna ukuhlala kumqolo ongaphambili esikolweni ukuze ndimve kakuhle utitshala." Yenza izivakalisi ezimbalwa ezilula ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, uze umvumele umntwana wakho akhethe leyo ayithandayo aze ayisebenzise.
- Yenza abantakwabo bakuqonde oku: Kunokuba nzima kwabanye abantwana abakwikhaya elinye ukuqonda ukuba kutheni umntakwabo eziphatha ngolu hlobo. Cacisela omnye umntwana ukuba i-ADHD yinxalenye yabo, ayisosifo esosulelayo, kwaye kukho unyango olunokubanceda bahlale begxile. Bacele izimvo zabo ukuze bancede ekwenzeni umsebenzi wesikolo uhambe kakuhle.
Ubaxelela njani ootitshala besikolo ngemeko yomntwana wakho?
Umntwana wakho usenokuba sele eneSicwangciso seMfundo esiHlanganisiweyo ( i-IEP okanye isicwangciso se-504) esikolweni. La ngamaxwebhu asemthethweni aqinisekisa ukuba isikolo siya kubonelela ngeendawo ezifanelekileyo zomntwana wakho. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukucinga ukuba wonke utitshala uwafundile. Cela ixesha elikhethekileyo notitshala ukuze nithethe ngomntwana wakho.
Abanye ootitshala basabona ukuziphatha kwe-ADHD "njengokwenzakalisa okungeyonjongo" komntwana. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwenza utitshala aqonde ngokupheleleyo le meko kwaye agxile kwiindlela zokufundisa umntwana izakhono ezintsha ezifunekayo ukuze aziqhelanise neklasi, endaweni yokuphelisa ukuziphatha okubi.
Izinto ekufuneka zichazwe kutitshala:
- Indlela i-ADHD echaphazela ngayo umntwana: Nangona ootitshala benokuqonda ngokubanzi i-ADHD, ayichaphazeli bonke abantwana ngendlela efanayo. Ayingabo bonke abantwana abadlamkileyo kakhulu. Abanye abantwana banokuphupha emini eklasini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela utitshala ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha ngequbuliso eklasini, akalungelelananga, okanye unengxaki yokulawula umsindo wakhe.
- Yabelana ngamaqhinga aluncedo: Kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yomntwana wakho kwaye wazise utitshala ukuba yintoni esebenzayo nengasebenziyo ukunceda ukuyilawula. Mhlawumbi umntwana wakho uthanda ukusebenza ngeshedyuli yemihla ngemihla, kodwa izivumelwano zokuziphatha azisebenzi kuye. Thetha notitshala ngezi zinto.
- Buza ukuba unganceda njani: Xa ubuza, utitshala ufumana umyalezo wokuba uzimisele ukusebenza naye. Oku kuya kukhuthaza utitshala ukuba athethe nawe ngaphambi kokuba ingxaki ibe yingxaki enkulu. Khumbula, unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo luvula indlela yokuba wonke umntu ancede umntwana wakhe.
Musa ukwenza ezi mpazamo xa uthetha nge-ADHD!
- Musa ukuzama ukubonisa i-ADHD njengonamandla amakhulu okanye isipho. Liyinyaniso elokuba ezinye iimpawu zabantwana abane-ADHD (umz., ubuchule) zinokuba luncedo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindawo ebomini bomntwana ezinzima kakhulu ngenxa yesi simo. Kuthatha umgudu omkhulu ukuyilawula. Kubalulekile ukuba abanye bayibone loo nyaniso.
- Musa ukugcina abantu abangakuxhasi ebomini bakho. Nokuba uzama kangakanani na, abanye abantu basenokungamkeli umntwana wakho okanye i-ADHD yakhe. Ukuba bathetha izinto ezibuhlungu ngomntwana wakho, okanye bagxeke indlela aziphatha ngayo okanye indlela aphathwa ngayo umntwana wakho, kungcono ukunciphisa unxibelelwano lwakho naye. Khumbula, umntwana wakho angachuma aze aphumelele njengaye nawuphi na umntwana. Kufuneka angqongwe ngabantu abakholelwa kuye.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayilotyala lokuziphatha kakubi komntwana okanye lomzali. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo.
- Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo nosapho, abahlobo kunye nootitshala lubalulekile ekunikeni inkxaso kumntwana.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ucacisele abanye izinto, ukulungiselela kancinci ngento oza kuyithetha kuya kwandisa ukuzithemba kwakho.
- Sebenzisana nootitshala kwisikolo somntwana wakho. Oku kuya kukhokelela empumelelweni yemfundo yomntwana wakho.
- Khusela umntwana wakho kubantu abathetha izinto eziyingozi nezimbi ngaye.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, soloko ucela ingcebiso kugqirha wakho.
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