Abanye abantwana bangabantu abangcolileyo kakhulu, abakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Kukho abanye, bajonga ngefestile yeklasi baze balahleke kwihlabathi lamaphupha. Njengomzali, usenokuba ukhe waziva izinto ezifanayo ngomntwana wakho. "Kutheni umntwana wam engumntu ongcolileyo kangaka?", "Kutheni engakwazi ukugxila kwizifundo zakhe?" Usenokuba ukhathazekile. Ingaba isizathu sale nto yonke kukuba ngumntu ongcolileyo nje? Mhlawumbi kukho imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD emva koku. Kodwa xa kufikwa kwi-ADHD, ayinguye wonke umntu ofanayo. Indlela le meko echaphazela ngayo umntu ngamnye yahlukile. Yiyo loo nto unyango lungafani kuye wonke umntu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngeentlobo eziphambili ze-ADHD.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-ADHD?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD ligama elifutshane lemeko yezonyango ethi "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Asikuko ukuba yindlobongela, ubuvila, okanye inkani. Yimeko yophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental . Ngokukodwa, umntu onesi sifo unomsebenzi owahlukileyo kancinci kwiindawo zengqondo ezilawula ingqalelo, ulawulo lwe-impulse, kunye nokuziphatha. Yiyo loo nto benengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo, ukulawula i-impulse, nokuhlala bezolile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba oku akulona ityala lomntwana okanye lomzali.
I-American Psychiatric Association yahlule i-ADHD kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Ngoku makhe sixoxe ngohlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.
Uhlobo 1: Uhlobo lokungakhathali
Olu hlobo ludla ngokuba nzima ukuba nabani na aluqaphele. Kuba aba bantwana abanakukwazi ukuziphatha kakubi njengabanye, bajikeleze baze babangele ingxaki. Endaweni yoko, uninzi lwabo lukwihlabathi labo. Babonakala ngathi balahlekile kwihlabathi labo . Bajonga ngefestile eklasini, kwaye naxa beqala ukwenza into ekhaya, bayayibeka ecaleni baze bacinge ngenye into.
Ukuze ucinge ukuba le meko inokwenzeka, ubuncinane iimpawu ezintandathu kwezisithoba ezingezantsi kufuneka zibekho ixesha elide. Iimpawu ezisebenza kakhulu kufuneka zibekho nakwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu.
| Uphawu | Ngamafutshane... (umzekelo) |
|---|---|
| Ukunganikeli ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha ezincinci. | Emsebenzini wesikolo, badla ngokwenza iimpazamo ezingakhathaliyo xa besenza izibalo. |
| Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile. | Nokuba ufunda okanye udlala, awukwazi ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikwindawo enye, ingqondo yakho iyahamba ngokukhawuleza. |
| Kubonakala ngathi akamameli xa ethetha. | Nokuba uthetha, ukho kwelinye ilizwe. Uhlala ephinda into oyithethileyo. |
| Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo okanye ukugqiba imisebenzi. | Wakuba uqalile umsebenzi, awuwugqibi. Ukuba uthi, "Susa igumbi," uyayeka phakathi. |
| Ukuphepha umsebenzi ofuna umgudu wengqondo. | Andiyithandi imisebenzi efuna umgudu wengqondo, njengokwenza umsebenzi wesikolo nokufunda. |
| Ukulahlekelwa zizinto ezibalulekileyo. | Ndidla ngokulahlekelwa zizinto ezifana neepeni, iipensele, iincwadi zeCR, kunye neebhotile zamanzi esikolweni. |
| Uphazanyiswa lula zizinto zangaphandle. | Ngelixa ndifunda, ndihlala ndiyijonga nokuba ndiva isandi esincinci okanye umntu odlulayo. |
| Ukulibala imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. | Kufuneka uzikhumbuze nokuba uhlambe amazinyo akho kwaye utshintshe impahla yakho. |
Uhlobo Lwesibini: Uhlobo Olungasebenzi Kakhulu
Lo ngumfanekiso ofika engqondweni yabantu abaninzi xa besiva igama elithi ADHD. Aba bantwana banengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye. Basoloko bebaleka, betsiba, kwaye bekhwaza. Banengxaki nokulawula iminqweno yabo, ukuthetha nokwenza nantoni na efika engqondweni yabo. Benza ngaphambi kokuba bacinge.
Ukuze ucinge ukuba le meko inokwenzeka, kufuneka kubekho ubuncinane iimpawu ezintandathu kwezisithoba ezingezantsi.Kufuneka kubekho. Kwaye kufuneka kubekho iimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinxulumene nokungabikho kwengqalelo .
| Uphawu | Ngamafutshane... (umzekelo) |
|---|---|
| Akupheleli nje ekugungxuleni ngezandla nasezinyaweni zakho nokuba uhleli esitulweni. | Nangona ehleli esitulweni, uyashukuma, aphakamise imilenze yakhe, aze abethe itafile ngezandla zakhe. |
| Ukuma ngeenyawo xa ufanele ukuhlala phantsi. | Eklasini, etafileni yesidlo sangokuhlwa, naxa kuqhutywa izifundo zokufunda, ndihlala ndivuka esitulweni ndihambe. |
| Ukubaleka okanye ukunyuka ngexesha elingafanelekanga. | Ukukhwela kwisofa ekhaya, ubaleka phakathi kweeshelufu kwivenkile enkulu. |
| Ubunzima bokudlala buthule. | Nokuba imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe ngokuthula, benza ingxolo enkulu kwaye bakhwaze. |
| Ndisoloko ndibonisa isimo sengqondo "sokuhambahamba". | Kufana "nenjini enamandla amaninzi" - isoloko isebenza, ayihlali ndawo inye. |
| Ukuthetha ngokugqithisileyo. | Bathetha rhoqo kwaye abakwazi ukulawula intetho yabo. |
| Ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba ugqitywe. | Andinakuba nomonde xa umntu ethetha, ndiyangena ndithethe. |
| Ubunzima bokulinda ithuba lomntu. | Kunzima kakhulu ukuma emgceni ulinde ithuba lakho kumdlalo. |
| Ukuphazamisa abanye. | Uhlala ephazamisa iincoko nemidlalo yabanye abantu. |
Uhlobo Lwesithathu: Uhlobo Oludibeneyo
Njengoko igama lisitsho, le yindibaniselwano yeentlobo ezimbini ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Uninzi lwabantu abane-ADHD banalo olu hlobo . Baneempawu zokungakhathali, kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungakhathali. Oku kuthetha ukuba abakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye kwaye abawunaki umsebenzi. Oku kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye nobudlelwane babo nabantu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ungacingi ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD kuba nje ubona ezi mpawu. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuze afumane isigulo esifanelekileyo.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo?
Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unale mpawu, musa ukoyika. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wabantwana okanye ingcali yezifo zengqondo yabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo ngale nto.
Ugqirha uza kuzijonga ngononophelo ezi zinto:
- Uza kubuzwa malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho.
- Iingxelo ziya kufumaneka kootitshala besikolo.
- Bajonga ukuba ezi mpawu zikho ixesha elide kangakanani kwaye zeziphi iindawo (ekhaya, esikolweni) ezibonakala kakhulu kuzo.
- Bajonga nokuba kukho ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukukhula komntwana na.
Nje ukuba umntwana afunyaniswe ukuba unesifo esifanelekileyo, unokunikwa unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso. Oku kungabandakanya unyango lokuziphatha, uqeqesho lokuba ngumzali, amalungiselelo akhethekileyo esikolweni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanamayeza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayilotyala lomntwana okanye impazamo. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo enxulumene nengqondo.
- Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD: Ukungakhathali, Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo-Ukungxama, kunye nokuDibeneyo.
- Azifani zonke izigulana ezine-ADHD. Indlela ezichaphazela ngayo iimpawu kumntu ngamnye yahlukile.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo ngomntwana wakho, musa ukuqikelela kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesikhokelo esifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana wakho.
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