Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, mhlawumbi umakhulu wakho othandekayo, utatomkhulu wakho, okanye omnye wabazali bakho, uyalibala yonke into kancinci kancinci? Ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukwenza izinto obuzenza kakuhle, ezinje ngokulima igadi, ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, okanye ukufumana indlela yakho? Lo ngumfanekiso esiwucingayo uninzi lwethu xa sisiva igama elithi i-Alzheimer's Disease. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesi sifo? Asichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaso.
Yintoni kanye kanye isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngezi ntlobo, masiqonde ngokulula ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwingqondo kwisifo sika-Alzheimer. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ingqondo yethu yinethiwekhi emangalisayo yeebhiliyoni zee-neurons, okanye iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ezisebenza kunye. Yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyikhumbulayo, nesiyifundayo yenziwa ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwezi seli.
Kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, uhlobo lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi -amyloid beta peptides luqala ukuqokelelana engqondweni ngendlela engafunekiyo. Ezi ziyaqokelelana ukuze zenze iiplaque kunye neengxinano . Ngamafutshane, kufana nokuvaleka kwenkqubo yonxibelelwano lwengqondo. Oku kuphazamisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezo seli ziyafa. Oku kuphumela kwiimpawu ezinje ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka, kunye nobunzima bokwenza izigqibo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona ezi mpawu zikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kumntu ngamnye one-Alzheimer's, ukuqala kunye nesantya sesi sifo kunokwahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye. Oku kungenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo esithetha ngaso.
Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo sika-Alzheimer
Izazinzulu zahlulahlula isifo sika-Alzheimer zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili, ngokusekwe kwiminyaka esifunyenwe ngayo esi sifo. Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Uphawu | Isifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni | I-Alzheimer's eqala emva kwexesha |
|---|---|---|
| Ubudala bokuqala | Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala (inkoliso yabo ikwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala) | Abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu |
| Ubuninzi | Ayiqhelekanga (malunga ne-5% yazo zonke izigulana) | Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo |
| Ulwalamano lwemfuza | Kudla ngokubakho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwemfuza (iziphene kwiichromosomes 1, 14, kunye ne-21) | Ikhonkco lemfuza alicaci. Lisenokuba lisebenza kwiintsapho okanye lingahambi. |
| Utshintsho lobuchopho | Kubonakala iiplaque ezininzi kunye nokuxinana engqondweni kunye nokulahleka komthamo wobuchopho. | Nangona utshintsho lobuchopho lusenzeka, lusenokuba kwinqanaba eliphantsi xa luthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukuxhuzula kwemisipha nokuxhuzula (i-myoclonus) kuqhelekile. | Olu phawu ludla ngokungaqhelekanga. |
| Iingozi ezikhethekileyo | Abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu. | Ukwaluphala yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. |
Okungakumbi malunga nesifo se-Alzheimer's esenzeka kwangethuba
Khawucinge nje, kuthekani ukuba umntu okwinqanaba eliphezulu lomsebenzi wakhe, okhulisa abantwana bakhe, kwaye ochitha ixesha elininzi ebomini bakhe, uqala ukuba neengxaki zokukhumbula xa eneminyaka engama-45 ubudala? Eli lelona candelo libuhlungu kakhulu lesifo se-Alzheimer's esaqalayo. Nangona singaqhelekanga, sisoyikiso olukhulu kumntu nakwintsapho yakhe efunyaniswe ukuba unesifo.
Umonakalo engqondweni kwaba baguli unokuba mkhulu kwaye ukhawuleze. Kwakhona, le meko idla ngokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezinamandla zemfuza - oko kukuthi, isiphene esithile kwimfuza ezizuzwa ngabazali kubantwana.
Isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala emva kwexesha - uhlobo esilwaziyo sonke
Olu lolona hlobo silubona rhoqo kwaye sithetha ngalo xa sithetha nge-Alzheimer's. Sibone ootatomkhulu noomakhulu bethu belahlekelwa yinkumbulo yabo kancinci kancinci njengoko bekhula. Yiyo le. Unobangela wemfuza wolu hlobo awukafunyanwa. Oko kukuthi, akunakuthiwa ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nalo ukuba umama okanye utata wakho wayenalo esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unaso, nabanye basengozini ethile. Kodwa kukholelwa ukuba izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngemfuza, indlela yokuphila, kunye nezinto ezingqongileyo, ziyayichaphazela le nto.
Yintoni iFamilial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD)?
Olu lolunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo, kodwa olungaqhelekanga kakhulu lwesifo sika-Alzheimer. I-FAD (Isifo sika-Alzheimer sosapho) luhlobo lwesifo sika-Alzheimer oluye lwaqinisekiswa ukuba lubangelwa ziijini ezithile .
Ngamafutshane, kufuneka ubuncinane izizukulwana ezibini (umz., utatomkhulu notata) ukuba babe nesi sifo. Oku kuchaphazela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke izigulana ze-Alzheimer's. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, abantu abaninzi abane-Alzheimer's eqala kwangoko bane-FAD. Oko kukuthi, idluliselwa kwiijini zabo.
Ndingenza ntoni xa ndinamathandabuzo ngomntu othile kusapho lwam?
Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko malunga nokukhumbula umntu okwintsapho yakho, ingakumbi omncinci, musa ukungayinaki loo nto.
- Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza ngoko nangoko kukubona ugqirha onamava. Kungcono ngakumbi ukuba unokubona ugqirha wezifo zengqondo.
- Ugqirha ubuza ngeempawu kunye nembali yezonyango zosapho.
- Kuza kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (ezifana nokungabikho kweevithamini, iingxaki ze-thyroid, okanye uxinzelelo).
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, baya kukuthumela kwizinto ezifana ne-brain scans (CT/MRI).
Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunceda isigulana kunye nosapho ukuba bacwangcise kwangaphambili baze bafumane inkxaso kunye nonyango olufunekayo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer asisosifo esinye. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: ukuqala kwangethuba, okuchaphazela abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kunye nokuqala kade, okuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
- Uhlobo lokuqalisa kwangethuba aluqhelekanga, kodwa iimpawu zalo kunye nomonakalo wobuchopho zimbi kakhulu. Ludla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesiphene semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Uhlobo lokuqalisa oluqala kade esilubona rhoqo lunxulunyaniswa nokwaluphala. Akukho sizathu sithile semfuza esifunyenweyo okwangoku.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi esemncinci, obonisa iimpawu zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto kwaye uthethe nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukwazi ngesi sifo kunye nokusifumanisa kwangethuba zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokunceda isigulana siphile ubomi obusemgangathweni.
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