Xa sisithi "umhlaza", elinye lamagama afika engqondweni ngokukhawuleza lithi "chemotherapy". Abantu abaninzi bayayoyika le ndlela yonyango kuba ibangela ukulahleka kweenwele kwaye inzima emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, kuye kwaziswa iindlela ezintsha kwihlabathi ezinokujolisa kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye zinciphise kakhulu umonakalo kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngendlela yonyango eye yenze inkqubela enkulu kwihlabathi lonyango lomhlaza, kwaye isebenza 'njengembumbulu yomlingo'. Oko yi-Antibody-Drug Conjugates, okanye ii-ADC njengoko sizibiza ngokufutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC)?
Khawucinge nje, kufuneka uhambise ipasela kumntu omnye kuphela kwindawo enabantu abaninzi. Kungaba lula kangakanani ukufumana loo mntu uze uyihambise endaweni yokuyisasaza kubo bonke abantu? Yiloo nto le ADC iyenzayo.
I-ADC yindibaniselwano yamacandelo amathathu. Ngokuchanekileyo, ifana 'nebhombu ekrelekrele' eyenziwe ngetekhnoloji.
1. I-Antibody: Le 'yiarhente yethu yokuchonga'. Kukho iiproteni ezikhethekileyo (esizibiza ngokuba zii-"tumor antigens") ezikwindawo kuphela yeeseli zomhlaza. Le antibody yenzelwe ukuba inamathele kwiiproteni ezikwezo seli zomhlaza. Ifana nesitshixo esingena kwisitshixo sayo esihambelanayo. Ekubeni iiseli eziphilileyo zingenazo ezi proteni, le antibody ayinamatheli kuzo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zenziwe ngokukodwa kwiilabhoratri, sikwabiza ngokuba yi-"Monoclonal Antibody".
2. Iyeza le-chemotherapy: Le yile nto ingaphakathi kuloo phakheji. Isebenzisa iyeza elinamandla kakhulu lokulwa nomhlaza kunalelo linikwa kwi-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba lingena ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza, linokunika iyeza elinamandla ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziphilileyo ngaphandle.
3. I-Linker: Le 'yintsini' ebamba i-spy (i-Antibody) kunye nebhombu (i-Chemo drug). Umsebenzi wale linker kukugcina iyeza lingakhutshelwa de i-antibody ifumane iseli yomhlaza ize ingene kuyo. Kuphela emva kokuba iseli yomhlaza ingene apho le linker iphuka khona, ikhuphe iyeza.
Isebenza njani le 'missile yezinto eziphilayo'?
Le nkqubo inomdla kakhulu. Masibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni inyathelo ngenyathelo.
- Inyathelo 1: Iyeza le-ADC lifakwa emthanjeni wesigulana ngesisombululo se-saline.
- Inyathelo lesi-2: Eli yeza lihamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko lihamba, inxalenye ye-antibody isebenza njengeGPS, ifumana apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhoyo.
- Inyathelo lesi-3: Nje ukuba iseli yomhlaza ifunyenwe, i-antibody iyahamba ize 'ivaleleke' kwiproteni ethile (i-antigen) kumphezulu weseli leyo.
- Inyathelo lesi-4: Xa itshixeka ngolu hlobo, iseli yomhlaza icinga ukuba ifuna oku, ngoko ke itsala yonke le phakheji ye-ADC ngaphakathi kwayo.
- Inyathelo lesi-5: Nje ukuba ingaphakathi kwiseli yomhlaza, ii-enzymes ezingaphakathi ziyayiqhekeza loo 'linker'.
- Inyathelo lesi-6: Njengoko i-linker iphuka, iyeza le-chemotherapy elinamandla kakhulu elalibotshelelwe kuyo likhutshwa ngaphakathi kwiseli yomhlaza.
- Inyathelo lesi-7: Ngenxa yamandla ale yeza, iseli yomhlaza iyatshatyalaliswa ngaphakathi.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba yonke le nkqubo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwiseli yomhlaza. Ke ngoko, umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo uncinci kakhulu. Le yeyona nzuzo inkulu ye-ADCs kune-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezinyangwa nge-ADC?
I-ADC ayilonyango lwazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Okwangoku, oogqirha bacinga ngolu hlobo lonyango kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, ingakumbi xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga (`(umhlaza ongenakuchatshazelwa)`), umhlaza ubuyile (`(uphinda ubuye)`), okanye usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (`(ukusasazeka kwe-metastasize)`).
Masichaze oku ngakumbi kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Udidi lomhlaza | Imizekelo yeentlobo zomhlaza ezinyangwayo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza Wegazi |
|
| Iithumba eziqinileyo |
Amayeza amaninzi e-ADC asetyenziswa ehlabathini
Sele kukho amayeza e-ADC angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini avunyiweyo ziiarhente ezifana ne-FDA eMelika. Eminye imizekelo yile:
- I-Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®): Isetyenziselwa umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- I-Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®): Isetyenziselwa umhlaza webele one-HER2-positive osasazeke emzimbeni wonke.
- I-Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy®): Isetyenziselwa umhlaza webele one-triple-negative kunye nomhlaza wesinyi.
Ngaba akukho miphumo emibi yolu nyango?
Nangona kuthiwa "umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo uncinci", oku akuthethi ukuba akukho miphumo emibi yolu nyango. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo, le miphumo idla ngokulawulwa. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezenzekayo zinokuhluka ukusuka kwisigulana ukuya kwisigulana, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke.
Iqela lakho le-oncology liza kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo kulo lonke unyango lwakho. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, baya kukunika unyango olukhawulezileyo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukudinwa
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- I-anemia
- I-Leukopenia (umlinganiselo ophantsi weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi)
- Inani eliphantsi leeplatelet egazini (`(Thrombocytopenia)`)
- I-Anorexia
- Ukuqhinwa okanye urhudo
- Intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane
- I-peripheral neuropathy - ukungaziva mnandi kunye nokurhawuzelela kwamalungu
- Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga nazo naziphi na ezi zinto, nokuba zincinci.
Ngaba singaba nethemba lonyango olu?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. I-ADC lunyango oluzise ithemba elitsha kwizigulane ezininzi ezinomhlaza. Izifundo zibonise ukuba izigulane ezifumana unyango lwe-ADC ziphila ixesha elide kunezo zifumana unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-chemotherapy kuphela.
Kwaye eli candelo likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Okwangoku, kuqhutywa uvavanyo lwezonyango olungaphezulu kwe-100 kwihlabathi liphela. Izazinzulu zizama ukuphuhlisa ii-ADCs ezisebenzayo ngakumbi kwaye zineziphumo ezimbalwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ke ngoko, singathemba ukuba kwixesha elizayo, siya kukwazi ukufumana olu nyango 'lomlingo' kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ii-ADC) luhlobo lweyeza 'elikrelekrele' elijolise kwaye lihlasele iiseli zomhlaza kuphela.
- Oku kunika iyeza elinamandla kakhulu lokulwa nomhlaza ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza, kunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
- Oku okwangoku kusetyenziswa kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, ingakumbi xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga.
- Nangona olu nyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi, iqela lakho lezonyango liya kuyilawula kakuhle. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na into ebuhlungu.
- I-ADC lithemba elikhulu kwicandelo lonyango lomhlaza. Ngophando oluqhubekayo, iingenelo zayo ziya kwanda nangakumbi kwixesha elizayo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unomhlaza, soloko uxoxa ngeendlela zonyango nogqirha wakho womhlaza. Musa ukusekela izigqibo zakho kuphela koko ukufunda kwi-intanethi.
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