Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ubunzima esifubeni sakho okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla xa udiniwe kancinci? Okanye ngaba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba unengxaki yevalvu entliziyweni yakho kwaye kufuneka uyitshintshe ngotyando? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa usiva into efana nale. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje sithetha ngolu tyando, olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement' (SAVR). Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangendlela onokuyiqonda.
Kuthetha ukuthini kanye kanye ukutshintshwa kwevalvu ye-aorta?
Cinga ngentliziyo yethu njengempompo yamanzi. Umthambo wegazi ophambili opompa igazi ukusuka kule ntliziyo ukuya emzimbeni wonke ubizwa ngokuba yi-'Aorta'. Ngoko ke, 'isango' eliphakathi kwentliziyo nalo mthambo wegazi oyintloko libizwa ngokuba yi-Aortic valve . Ngalo lonke ixesha intliziyo ibetha, eli sango liyavuleka kwaye igazi liyaphuma, lize livaleke kwakhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yobudala okanye ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo, olu cango luyeka ukusebenza kakuhle.
- Ucango aluvuleki kakuhle: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Aortic Stenosis . Kufana nocango olungavulekiyo lonke ixesha, ngoko akukho ndawo yaneleyo yokuba igazi liphume entliziyweni.
- Ucango aluvalwa kakuhle: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Aortic Regurgitation . Njengocango oludala, xa lungavalwa kakuhle, elinye igazi eliphumileyo livuza libuyela ngasemva.
Kuzo zombini iimeko, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima kunesiqhelo. Kufana nokuzama ukuvula ucango oluxinzelelweyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kusebenza kakhulu kunokonakalisa intliziyo. Kunokubangela neempawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokuba yingozi ebomini.
Ngoko ke, olu tyando silubiza ngokuba yi-SAVR, apho sisusa le valve yonakeleyo size siyifake entsha. Oku kunciphisa iimpawu zakho, kukhusela intliziyo yakho, kwaye kukunika ithuba lokuphila ubomi obusempilweni ixesha elide.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Ngenxa yokuba olu lutyando olukhulu, uza kuhlolwa ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba luqale. Olu vavanyo luza kusinceda sikhethe unyango olufanele impilo yakho.
Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo ngaphambi kotyando
Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka wenze iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinje.
| Igama lovavanyo | Yenza oku nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Echocardiogram (I-Echo) | Iskeni yokujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye neevalvu zayo. |
| I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) | Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo. |
| I-X-reyi yesifuba | I-X-ray yesifuba ukujonga imeko yentliziyo nemiphunga. |
| Ukucoca Intliziyo | Ityhubhu encinci idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi iye entliziyweni ukujonga uxinzelelo olungaphakathi entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo | Ukujonga impilo yomzimba iyonke, njengokusebenza kwezintso. |
Ukongeza, iqela lezonyango liza kukunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokulungiselela utyando.
- Kufuneka uzile ukutya ixesha elingakanani (ungatyi okanye ungaseli) ngaphambi kotyando?
- Nokuba kufuneka uyeke okwethutyana ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku.
- Lifikile ixesha lokuza esibhedlele.
- Izinto ekufuneka zisiwe esibhedlele nezinto ongaziziswanga.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na into ongayiqondiyo okanye nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka ukutshaya ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kotyando kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki.
Masikhethe indlela entsha yokwenza iinwele ekufaneleyo.
Isigqibo esibalulekileyo oza kusenza ngaphambi kotyando kukuba loluphi uhlobo lwevalvu entsha oza kuyifumana. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lweValve | Inkcazo kunye neenzuzo/iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ivalvu yebhayoloji / ye-Bioprosthetic | Ezi zenziwe ngenyama yehagu, yenkomo, okanye (engaqhelekanga) yomntu. Inzuzo: Akunyanzelekanga ukuba usele amayeza okunciphisa igazi ubomi bakho bonke. Ububi: Ezi azihlali zihleli. Zidla ngokufuna ukutshintshwa emva kweminyaka eli-10-20. |
| Ivalvu yoomatshini | Ezi zenziwe ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nekhabhoni nentsimbi. Inzuzo: Ezi zihlala ubomi bonke. Akufuneki uphinde uzitshintshe. Ububi: Kuya kufuneka uthathe iyeza lokunciphisa igazi elifana neWarfarin ubomi bakho bonke ukuze uthintele umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngevalvu efanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yakho, impilo yakho, nendlela ophila ngayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iivalvu zoomatshini ziyacetyiswa kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50, kwaye iivalvu zebhayoloji ziyacetyiswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.
Indlela olu tyando lwenziwa ngayo inyathelo ngenyathelo
Olu tyando ludla ngokuthatha iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine, apho ulele ubuthongo obunzulu kwaye ungeva nto.
1. Okokuqala, uza kuba ungekho zingqondweni ngokupheleleyo (`Anesthesia`) .
2. Okulandelayo, uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini wentliziyo nemiphunga . Lo matshini uza kuthatha umsebenzi wentliziyo nemiphunga yakho okwethutyana ngexesha lotyando. Uza kusetyenziselwa nokumisa intliziyo yakho okwethutyana (cardioplegia). Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha ukuba enze utyando ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokubetha kwentliziyo yakho.
3. Ugqirha wenza utyando olumalunga nee-intshi ezi-1.5 ubude phakathi kwesifuba sakho ukuze avule ithambo lesifuba (`Sternum`) aze afikelele entliziyweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`Sternotomy`.
4. Ivalvu endala, eyonakeleyo ye-aortic iyasuswa ize ithatyathelwe indawo yivalvu entsha ethungelwa endaweni yayo.
5. Emva koko, i-sternum evulekileyo iphinda iqhotyoshelwe kusetyenziswa iintambo. Ezi ntambo zihlala zishiywa emzimbeni ubomi bonke.
6. Ekugqibeleni, ulusu luthungwa luvaliwe.
Ixesha lokuchacha emva kotyando
Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neentsuku ezi-5. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liza kuhlala lijonga imeko yakho. Baza kukunceda uhambe kancinci kancinci kwaye wenze imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.
Kudla ngokuthatha iiveki ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo ukuze umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo.Kuthatha ixesha elingangonyaka. Kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe ngeli xesha. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba wakho uyaphola. Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uye kwinkqubo yokulungisa intliziyo. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde izinto ezininzi, njengokuqhela ukuzilolonga kunye nokwamkela ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo tyando?
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yolu tyando kukuba lunokusindisa ubomi . Isifo se-aortic valve sinokubulala ukuba asinyangwa. Izinga lempumelelo liphezulu kakhulu. Kubantu abaninzi, umngcipheko wokufa okanye iingxaki ezinzima ezifana nestroke uphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-1% - 2%.
Kodwa njengalo naluphi na utyando, kukho iingozi ezithile.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (`Arrhythmia`)
- Imfuneko yesixhobo sokuncedisa isantya esisisigxina
- Ukopha
- Iintsholongwane
- Istroke
- Ukufa
Lo mngcipheko awufani kuwo wonke umntu. Uhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngenqanaba lomngcipheko wakho.
| Ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakala ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko! |
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Ngaba ikho enye indlela yotyando lwe-SAVR?
Ewe, kwabanye abaguli, ingakumbi abo bakhulileyo okanye abasengozini enkulu yotyando olukhulu ngenxa yezinye iimeko, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiTranscatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo. Oku kuquka ukufaka ivalvu entsha kwivalvu endala ngomngxuma omncinci esifubeni, ngaphandle kokuyivula. Le yinkqubo elula kwaye ifuna ixesha elincinci lokuchacha. Iqela lakho lezonyango liya kugqiba ukuba iSAVR okanye iTAVR ikulungele na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukutshintshwa kweValve yeAortic yotyando (i-SAVR) lutyando oluphumelele kakhulu nolwenziwa rhoqo kwivalve ye-aortic eyonakeleyo.
- Ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda ukhethe ivalvu yebhayoloji okanye yoomatshini ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yakho kunye nemeko yakho yempilo.
- Kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-4-8 ukuze umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango ngeli xesha.
- Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezilumkisayo ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye utshintsho kwinxeba lakho lotyando, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemibuzo okanye uloyiko onalo malunga noku.
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