Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba iitriliyoni zeeseli ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu zihlala njani zisebenza kakuhle iminyaka? Njengemoto, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye iindawo zeeseli zethu ziyaguga, ziqhekeke, kwaye zingasebenzi. Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kule 'nkunkuma' iqokelelweyo? Imizimba yethu izihlambulula njani koku? Kulapho isithethi sethu, inkqubo emangalisayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Autophagy (ebizwa ngokuba yi-auto-phagy), ingena khona. Oku kubalulekile kwimpilo yomzimba wethu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni i-autophagy ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, i-autophagy yinkqubo apho iiseli emizimbeni yethu zizicoca kwaye zizilungisa. Kufana nokuba sisusa inkunkuma eqokelelene emakhayeni ethu yonke imihla size siphinde sisebenzise izinto ezinokusetyenziswa.
Cinga ngendlu yakho. Senza ntoni xa siqokelela izinto ezindala, izitulo ezaphukileyo, namaphepha angeyomfuneko? Ezinye zazo siyazilahla, ezinye sithatha iindawo ezintle size senze into entsha. I-Autophagy luhlobo 'lokucoca ngokunzulu' kunye 'nokuphinda kusetyenziswe' okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu.
Zonke izicwili kunye nelungu ngalinye emzimbeni wethu zenziwe ngeebhloko zokwakha ezisisiseko ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli. Ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye kukho iindawo ezininzi ezincinci ezinceda ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinye zezi ndawo ziba zingasebenzi kakuhle, zonakale, okanye zibe 'yinkunkuma' engenamsebenzi. Inkqubo ye-autophagy ifuna ezi ziqwenga zingenamsebenzi, iziqhekeze, kwaye ithathe izinto ezisebenzisekayo kuzo ukuze yakhe iindawo ezintsha zeseli. Isusa iindawo ezingenanto.
Oku kufana 'nolawulo lomgangatho' kwinqanaba leeseli. Xa iseli izaliswe yinkunkuma engeyomfuneko, umsebenzi weseli uyehla. I-Autophagy iyayisusa le nkunkuma, inceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kweseli kuphezulu.
Kutheni i-autophagy ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?
I-Autophagy ayisiyonkqubo yokucoca nje kuphela. Ibalulekile ekusindeni nasekuphileni kweeseli zethu. Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zoku:
- Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iindawo ezonakeleyo: Iindawo ezindala zeseli ezingasebenzi kakuhle ziguqulwa zibe ziindawo ezintsha nezisebenzayo. Kufana nokunyibilikisa isinyithi esidala ukuze kwenziwe imveliso entsha. Oku kuthetha ukuba iseli ayidingi kuthatha izinto ezifunekayo ukuze yenze iindawo ezintsha.
- Ukususa iindawo ezingafunekiyo: Iiseli zisusa iindawo ezingasebenziyo ezithatha indawo kwaye ziphazamise imisebenzi yazo. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kweseli.
- Ukukhuselwa kwiintsholongwane: I-Autophagy ikwanceda ekufumaneni nasekutshabalaliseni iintsholongwane, ezinje ngeentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, ezihlasela iiseli zethu. Yinto ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Ukulawula ukwaluphala:Njengoko sikhula, le nkqubo ye-Autophagy iyacotha. Emva koko, 'inkunkuma' iqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kweeseli. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli ziyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Eso sesinye sezizathu zokuba umngcipheko wokufumana izifo unyuke njengoko sikhula. Kukholelwa ukuba ukugcina inkqubo ye-Autophagy kakuhle kusinceda sihlale sisempilweni kwaye siselula.
Le nkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Autophagy yenzeka njani?
Eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Igama elithi autophagy lenziwe ngamagama amabini esiGrike.
- Igama elithi "Autos" lithetha 'umntu'.
- Igama elithi "Phagomai" lithetha 'ukutya'.
Oko kuthetha ‘ukuzitya.’ Oko kwenziwa yiseli ngokwenene ‘kukutya’ iindawo zayo ezingafunekiyo nokuzicoca.
Le nkqubo yenzeka ngolu hlobo:
1. Okokuqala, iseli ichonga iindawo ezonakeleyo okanye ezingafunekiyo ngaphakathi kuyo.
2. Emva koko, 'ingxowa' ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Autophagosome' ijikeleza la macandelo enkunkuma. Oku kufana naxa siqokelela inkunkuma size siyifake kwingxowa yenkunkuma.
3. Okulandelayo, le 'ngxowa yenkunkuma' iya kwinxalenye yeseli ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Lysosome)`. `(Lysosome)` ifana ne-`(Recycling Centre)` yeseli.
4. Iienzymes ezinamandla ngaphakathi kwesi sikhungo ziyayigaya inkunkuma, okanye ziyiqhekeze ibe ziingceba ezincinci.
5. Emva kokuba zihlulwe ngolu hlobo, izinto eziluncedo (umzekelo, ii-amino acids) ziphinda zisetyenziswe yiseli. Ezi zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iiproteni ezintsha kunye neendawo ezintsha ezifunekayo yiseli.
Ngale ndlela, iseli isebenzisa izixhobo zayo ukuze izigcine icocekile kwaye isempilweni.
Iqala nini inkqubo ye-autophagy?
I-Autophagy yinto ehlala isenzeka kwinqanaba elithile kwiiseli zethu. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, le nkqubo iyakhawuleza.
Ngamafutshane, le nkqubo ikhawuleza xa iiseli zifumana uxinzelelo. Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngazo olu xinzelelo zezi:
- Ukunqongophala kwesondlo: Xa iiseli zingafumani izondlo ezizifunayo.
- Ukuphelelwa yioksijini: Xa ubungakanani beoksijini efikelela kwiiseli buyancipha.
- Ukonakala kweeseli: Xa iiseli zonakele ngenxa yosulelo, ityhefu, okanye esinye isizathu.
Khawucinge nje ukuba uvaleleke ngaphandle kokutya okanye isiselo. Wenza ntoni? Usebenzisa izixhobo onazo ngononophelo olukhulu, akunjalo? Iiseli zinjalo. Xa ukutya kungaphumi ngaphandle, 'zitya' iindawo ezindala, ezingabalulekanga ngaphakathi kuzo ukuze zenze amandla kunye nezinto eziluhlaza zokusinda kwazo. Oku yi-Autophagy. Ngamanye amazwi, le yindlela yokuzikhusela ebaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kweseli.
Ngaba singayivuselela i-Autophagy ngokuthanda kwethu?
Ewe, uphando lufumanise ukuba ngokwenza utshintsho oluthile kwindlela esiphila ngayo nokubonelela ngoxinzelelo olulawulwayo kwiiseli, sinokuvuselela inkqubo ye-autophagy. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokwenza oku.
| Indlela | Indlela eyenzeka ngayo kunye nengcaciso |
|---|---|
| Ukuzila ukutya | Le yeyona ndlela inamandla yokukhuthaza i-autophagy. Xa ungatyi kangangeeyure ezininzi, umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa zizondlo ezivela kwihlabathi langaphandle. Oku kunyanzela umzimba wakho ukuba uqhekeze iindawo ezingafunekiyo zeeseli zawo ukuze uvelise amandla. |
| Uthintelo lweekhalori | Oku kwahlukile ekuzileni ukutya. Okwenzayo apha kukunciphisa ukutya kwakho kwemihla ngemihla ngeekhalori. Endaweni yokuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutya, ukunciphisa ukutya kwakho kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwiiseli zakho kwaye kukhuthaze inkqubo ye-autophagy. |
| Ukutya Okuthile | Ukutya, ingakumbi ukutya kweKeto, okukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, okune-carb ephantsi, kunyanzela umzimba ukuba utshise amafutha endaweni ye-carbohydrates ukuze ufumane amandla. Olu tshintsho kumthombo wamandla lukwakhuthaza inkqubo ye-autophagy. |
| Ukuzilolonga | Xa sizilolonga, ingakumbi xa sizilolonga kakhulu, iiseli zethu zemisipha ziyaxinezeleka. Olu xinzelelo lukwavuselela inkqubo ye-autophagy, enceda ekulungiseni imicu yemisipha eyonakeleyo. |
Isilumkiso esibaluleke kakhulu!
Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulandela ezi ndlela zokukhuthaza i-Autophagy akuyonto ilungileyo kuye wonke umntu. Kwakhona, oku akuyonto ilungileyo ukuyenza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Umzekelo,
- Oomama abakhulelweyo
- Oomama abancancisayo
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile
- Abo bafumana unyango lwenye imeko yezonyango
Ukuzila ukutya okanye ukunciphisa iikhalori kunokuba yingozi kwaba bantu, kwaye ayisiyongcinga ilungileyo ukuqala ngequbuliso umthambo onzima ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela otya ngayo, uzame ukuzila ukutya, okanye uqale umthambo omtsha onzima , qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Uza kuhlola impilo yakho aze akunike iingcebiso malunga nokuba yintoni ekulungeleyo.
Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-autophagy nesifo?
Izazinzulu bezisoloko zicinga ukuba i-autophagy yinkqubo nje enyamekela 'ukugcinwa' kweeseli. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni nasekulweni nezifo.
Ukusilela okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwenkqubo ye-autophagy kunokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesifo. Umzekelo:
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Isifo seswekile
- Isifo sentliziyo
- Isifo sikaCrohn
- Isifo sezintso nesibindi
I-Autophagy ineenkalo ezimbini xa kufikwa kumhlaza. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba xa le nkqubo ihamba kakuhle, ithintela ukuqokelelwa 'kwenkunkuma' ngaphakathi kwiiseli, yonakalisa i-DNA kwaye ithintele ukwakheka komhlaza. Ngamanye amazwi, isebenza njengenkqubo yokuzikhusela ethintela ukwakheka komhlaza.
Kodwa, kwelinye icala, kufunyenwe ukuba emva kokuba umhlaza uqalile, i-autophagy inokondla iiseli zomhlaza, izincede ukuba ziphile kwaye zikhule ngcono.
Kungoko ke, kusekho uphando oluninzi oluqhubekayo kule ndawo. Uninzi lophando lwangoku alwenziwanga ebantwini. Lwenziwe kwizilwanyana ezifana neempuku. Kungoko ke, kusesekutsha kakhulu ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-autophagy iza kusetyenziswa njani njengonyango lwezifo.
Kule mihla, abanye abantu babona i-Autophagy 'njengomlingo' wokuhlala uselula kwaye usempilweni. Kodwa ibali alilula kangako. Kuyinyani ukuba i-Autophagy yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Kuyinyani nokuba ukusilela kwi-Autophagy kunxulunyaniswa nezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina besayensi obaneleyo bokucebisa ukuvuselela i-Autophagy njengecebo lokuphucula impilo-ntle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autophagy yinkqubo yendalo yokucoca nokuhlaziya eyenzeka kwinqanaba leeseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni iiseli ziphilile, ukuvelisa amandla, kunye nokukhusela kwiintsholongwane.
- Le nkqubo inokucotha ngokwendalo njengoko sikhula.
- Nangona ukuzila ukutya, ukuzilolonga, kunye neendlela ezithile zokutya zinokukhuthaza i-autophagy, ayifanelekanga okanye ayikhuselekanga kuye wonke umntu.
- Soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela ophila ngayo okanye kwindlela otya ngayo, ingakumbi ngenjongo yokukhuthaza i-Autophagy. Kuphephe ukuyizama ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, kuba 'licebo elilula lempilo'.
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