Ngaba umntwana wakho ubonakala onwabile kakhulu kwaye edlala ngomzuzwana, aze ngequbuliso aqalise ukukhwaza nokukhwaza ngaphandle kwesizathu? Okanye uhlala nje egumbini lakhe aze enze izinto ezibuhlungu ngaphandle kwesizathu? Njengomzali, unokucinga, "Kuthekani ngaba bantwana?" Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, olu tshintsho lweemvakalelo lunokuba ngaphezu nje komsindo nje. Namhlanje, sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yiBipolar Disorder ebantwaneni.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder?
Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder sisifo sengqondo esichaphazela ubomi bonke esibangela utshintsho olukhulu kwimo yengqondo yomntu, amanqanaba amandla akhe, iingcinga zakhe, kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Ngaphambili sasibizwa ngokuba yi-'manic-depressive sill'.
Cinga nje ngokukhwela i-roller coaster. Ngomnye umzuzu uzive uphezulu kakhulu, wonwabile kakhulu, uzele ngamandla. Ngomnye umzuzu uzive uphantsi kakhulu, ulusizi kakhulu, ungenakunceda. Oku kwenzeka kwi-bipolar disorder. Kukho amanqanaba amabini aphambili:
- I-Mania: Eli lixesha lokuphakama okukhulu kweemvakalelo. Ngeli xesha, umntu uziva enamandla aphezulu kwaye onwabile. Ngamanye amaxesha, isiganeko esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-hypomania sinokuvela.
- Uxinzelelo: Eli lixesha apho imeko iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ingqondo izaliswe lusizi. Ngeli xesha, ulahlekelwa ngumdla kuyo nayiphi na into kwaye uzive ulusizi kakhulu.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ngaphandle kwezi meko zimbini ziphezulu nezisezantsi, kukho amaxesha apho imeko yomntwana ikwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo nelizinzileyo (euthymia). Ngaloo maxesha, umntwana ubuyela kwisimo sakhe sesiqhelo.
Oku kubachaphazela njani abantwana ngaphezu kwabantu abadala?
Kubantu abadala abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder, ezi ziganeko ze-mania kunye noxinzelelo ziyabonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye zihlala iveki okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa oku kwahlukile kubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci .
Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo zabantwana kukhawuleza kakhulu. Banokudlula kwezi nguqu ezininzi zeemvakalelo ngosuku olunye. Khawuthelekelele, kusasa bonwabile kakhulu kwaye bahlekisa, emva kwemini bacaphuke baze bakhale ngento encinci, kwaye ngokuhlwa baqale ukukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Utshintsho olunjalo olukhawulezileyo lunokubonwa ebantwaneni.
Oku kwahluke kakhulu kutshintsho lweemvakalelo olubonwa ebuntwaneni obuqhelekileyo. Kwi-bipolar disorder, olu tshintsho lweemvakalelo lugqithisile kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo . Lukwaphenjelelwa zezi:
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokulala.
- Utshintsho kwinqanaba lamandla emzimbeni.
- Ubunzima bokugxila nokucinga ngokucacileyo.
Ezi mpawu zinokwenza kube nzima kumntwana ukwenza kakuhle esikolweni, ukuhlalisana kakuhle nabahlobo, kwaye abe nobunzima bokunxibelelana nosapho. Abanye abantwana banokuzama ukuzilimaza okanye ukuzibulala.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonakala kumntwana?
Xa umntwana enesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder, ubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha le-mania kunye nelokudakumba. Abanye abantwana banokufumana iziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sihlalutye ezi mpawu.
| Iimpawu ze-mania | Iimpawu zoxinzelelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuziva wonwabile kakhulu kwaye uchulumancile ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. | Ndihlala ndilusizi ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Unamandla kakhulu kwaye ukhuthele kakhulu. | Andisasenamdla kwizinto endandizithanda ngaphambili. |
| Uba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo aze atshabalalise izinto. | Ukulila rhoqo. |
| Bayaqhula baze benze izinto ezingafanelekanga ngendlela engafanelekanga kwiminyaka yabo. | Ubonisa umsindo okhawulezayo nokungazoli. |
| Andilali kakuhle kangangeentsuku kwaye ndidiniwe. | Awukwazi ukulala, uvuka kwangethuba, okanye ulala kakhulu. |
| Bathetha ngokukhawuleza, bengayeki, kwaye abavumeli abanye bathethe. | Umzimba uziva ungenamandla. |
| Ingqalelo itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, itsiba ukusuka kwenye into ukuya kwenye. | Ndizama ukuhlala kude nabahlobo ndize ndibe ndedwa. |
| Bacinga ukuba banamandla nezakhono ezikhethekileyo. | Umsebenzi wesikolo uya utyeshelwa. |
| Basebenzisa imisebenzi enobungozi (umz. utywala) ngaphandle kokuqwalasela okulungileyo nokubi. | Bathetha izinto ezimbi ngabo baze bazigxeke. |
| Ukuziphatha ngokungakhathali ngaphandle kokuqonda. | Ukuthetha ngokufa okanye ukuzibulala. |
Kutheni abantwana benale meko?
Akukho sizathu sithile sifunyenweyo sale nto, kodwa kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo izazinzulu ezizikholelwayo.
- I-Genetics: Eyona nto ibangela oku yimpembelelo ye-genetic evela kwi-genesis. Abantu abangaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu abanesifo se-bipolar banelungu losapho elisondeleyo elinale meko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nje ilungu losapho elinye linayo loo nto akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu uza kuba nayo.
- Utshintsho lobuchopho: Abanye abantwana bafumana utshintsho oluthile kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo yabo.
- Ukonzakala noxinzelelo: Ukujongana neziganeko ezinzima nezixinzelelekileyo, njengokufa kwelungu losapho okanye ukuxhatshazwa okukhulu, kunokubangela ukuba le meko ikhule kumntwana onesifo sofuzo.
Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba esi sisifo se-bipolar?
Le yeyona nto inzima neyona ibalulekileyo ukuyenza, kuba iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder ziyafana nezezinye izifo zengqondo ezininzi ezixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni. Umzekelo:
- Iingxaki zokungakhathali (i-ADHD - Ingxaki yokuNgqwalasela/yokuNgakhathali kakhulu)
- Iingxaki zokuxhalaba
- Uxinzelelo Olukhulu
Ngoko ke, olu xilongo kufuneka lwenziwe ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo nonamava, ingakumbi ingcali yezengqondo.
Xa usisa umntwana wakho kugqirha, uza kwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba komntwana.
- Ukubuza nokufunda ngokweenkcukacha malunga nokuziphatha komntwana kunye neempawu zakhe kuwe, kumntwana, mhlawumbi nakootitshala bomntwana.
- Ukwenza izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ezinye izifo ezikhoyo.
- Ukuqhuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwempilo yengqondo.
Khumbula, ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, musa ukucinga nje kuphela, kodwa bonana nogqirha ofanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukunyanga.
Iphathwa njani?
Isifo se-bipolar sisifo esihlala ubomi bonke. Oko kuthetha ukuba unyango lufuneka ubomi bonke. Isicwangciso sonyango esiphumelelayo sidla ngokuquka indibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo:
Amayeza
Unyango oluphambili lwale meko ngamayeza. Ugqirha uza kuvavanya imeko yomntwana aze amnike amayeza okulawula imeko yakhe kunye nezinye izinto ezilwa nesifo sengqondo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika umntwana amayeza anikwe ngugqirha, ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Unyango lwengqondo
Olu nyango lubaluleke njengamayeza. Lunika umntwana nosapho ukuqonda imeko kunye nendlela yokuphila nayo.
- Unyango olujolise kusapho (FFT): Apha, umntwana nabazali bathatha inxaxheba kunye. Bafundiswa ngesi sifo, indlela yokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo, kunye nendlela yokusombulula iingxaki.
- I-Chronotherapy: Oku kunceda umntwana ukuba alale rhoqo.
- Unyango lwe-Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT): Lunceda ukulawula imo ngokulawula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomntwana, ubudlelwane bezentlalo, kunye ne-biological rhythms.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza nezinto ekufuneka uziqaphele
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, amayeza e-bipolar disorder anokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ukutyeba, ukozela, kunye nokungaphumli zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngezi zinto kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
Abantwana abasebenzisa eli yeza i-lithium kufuneka balumke kakhulu. Ubuthi be-lithium bunokwenzeka nanini na xa amanqanaba e-sodium (ityuwa) yomntwana ephantsi (umz., ukubila kakhulu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, umkhuhlane).
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu, mse kwangoko kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane okanye wazise ugqirha wakho.
- Umbono ofipheleyo okanye umbono ophindwe kabini
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (ukubetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu okanye kancinci kakhulu)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukudideka okukhulu kunye nesiyezi
- Ukungcangcazela okukhulu okanye ukuxhuzula
- Intshukumo yamehlo engalawulekiyo
Ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kwimeko enjalo, ungafowunela neZiko loLwazi ngeTyhefu leSizwe elikwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo .
Njengomzali ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho?
Ukunyamekela umntwana onesi sifo ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kubazali, kodwa inkxaso yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana.
- Yiba nomonde: Kuthatha ixesha ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kunye nokuba umntwana wakho aphucuke. Ngoko ke yiba nomonde.
- Mamela umntwana wakho: Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athethe ngeemvakalelo zakhe. Yiba ngumphulaphuli olungileyo.
- Gcina inkqubo yakho ihambelana: Ingakumbi amaxesha okulala ahambelanayo namaxesha okuvuka. Oku kunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni imo yakho.
- Nika ingqalelo kwindlela umntwana wakho aziva ngayo: Gcina ingxelo yotshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo. Oku kuya kunceda ugqirha ukuba agqibe ngonyango.
- Cacisa ukubaluleka konyango: Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba unyango lunokuphucula ubomi bakhe. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athathe amayeza akhe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye athathe inxaxheba kunyango.
- Zikhathalele: Olu hambo ludinisa kakhulu. Ngoko ke cinga nangempilo yakho yengqondo. Funa iingcebiso kunye nenkxaso ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ufanele ufune nini uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo?
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa nayiphi na kwezi ndlela zilandelayo zokuziphatha, mthathe ngoko nangoko aye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukuba uthetha okanye ucinga ngokufa okanye ukuzibulala.
- Ukuba ucinga okanye uceba ukulimaza wena okanye abanye abantu.
- Ukuba ujongene neemeko ezifana nokubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo (imibono kunye nokukhohlisa).
- Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zetyhefu ye-lithium ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo se-bipolar ebantwaneni asikokuziphatha kakubi komntwana okanye ukungakhathali kwakhe. Yimeko yokwenyani yezonyango efuna unyango.
- Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana.
- Unyango ludibaniso lwamayeza kunye nonyango lokuthetha (psychotherapy). Yinkqubo yexesha elide.
- Uthando, umonde, kunye nenkxaso yabazali zibalulekile ukuze umntwana onayo aphumelele kule meko.
- Ungaze uyeke okanye utshintshe umthamo wamayeza omntwana wakho ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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