Oko kufuneka ukwazi nge-Avian Influenza!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge-'bird flu' kwiphephandaba okanye kwiTV, akunjalo? Yinto ebalulekileyo ekuthethwa ngayo, ingakumbi xa isasazeka kwizilwanyana ezininzi. Yintoni kanye kanye i-bird flu? Ngaba iyasichaphazela nathi? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula nangendlela ehloniphekileyo.

Yintoni i-bird flu?

Ngamafutshane, i-bird flu sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-influenza echaphazela iintaka nezinye izilwanyana. Ifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye i-flue esiyifumanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha izilwanyana ezinesi sifo zinokosulela nabantu. Kanye njengomkhuhlane esiwufumana rhoqo, i-bird flu ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba isasazeke ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, oko kuthetha ukuba iyenzeka rhoqo.

Uva okungakumbi ngalo mkhuhlane weentaka xa usasazeka phakathi kweentaka okanye ezinye izilwanyana. Emva koko kufuneka silumke ngakumbi, kuba amathuba okuba abantu bawufumane ayanda. Kwakhona, uchaphazela izilwanyana zasendle kwaye unokuba yingxaki ekufumaneni ukutya. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, bekukho amatyala oku ebantwini ukusukela ngo-2024.

Zeziphi iintlobo ze-bird flu ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale flu yeentaka, okanye ezinye iintlobo. Kutshanje, abantu eMelika baye bosulelwa yi -`(Influenza A(H5))` . Ngaphambili, abantu bebesosulelwa kakhulu yi-`(Influenza A(H5N1))` kunye ne -`(Influenza A(H7N9))` . La magama asekelwe kwiintlobo zeeproteni ezikumphezulu wale ntsholongwane. Yinto yesayensi kancinci, kodwa kulungile ukwazi.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane weentaka?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu zomkhuhlane weentaka. Ezi zinokuba zincinci okanye zibe nzima. Uninzi lweemeko zakutshanje eMelika bezikukuba amehlo abomvu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla obuncinci.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo :

• Ububomvu bamehlo, obufana nesifo samehlo (esibizwa ngokuba yi-``conjunctivitis``` ngokwezonyango)
• Ifiva
• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ubuthathaka
• Ukukhwehlela
• Iintlungu zomzimba, njengemisipha ebuhlungu
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza
• Indle ekhululekileyo (urhudo)
• Impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo exineneyo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla), ukuziva ufuthanisekile

Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane weentaka?

Eyona nto ibangela umkhuhlane weentaka yintsholongwane evela kusapho lwentsholongwane ye-influenza A. Kubantu, idla ngokubangelwa luhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi -`(H5N1)` . Le ntsholongwane inokuchaphazela inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu, oko kuthetha impumlo yakho, umphimbo, kunye nemiphunga. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengobuchopho.

Isasazeka njani i-bird flu?

Uyazi ukuba abantu bafumana njani umkhuhlane weentaka? Cinga ngale ndlela. Ucoca ihoko yenkukhu kwaye inkukhu apho inomkhuhlane weentaka. Le ntsholongwane inokuba kwilindle yenkukhu, ematheni, okanye nakwiithontsi ezincinci eziphumayo. Ukuba awuzihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho kwaye awunxibi imaski, ungaphefumla amasuntswana othuli amancinci alapho. Okanye, ungasuleleka ukuba uchukumisa ulwelo lomzimba lwezilwanyana ezinjalo kwaye uchukumise amehlo akho, impumlo, okanye umlomo wakho ngezo zandla. Ngokufanayo, ukuba inkomo yobisi ifumana esi sifo, ungasuleleka nakulo bisi (ukuba alufakwanga iintsholongwane).

Ngaba umkhuhlane weentaka ungadluliselwa ngokutya?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ukutya inkukhu okanye amaqanda aphekiweyo kakuhle, okanye ukusela ubisi olufakwe i-pasteurized, akubangeli umkhuhlane weentaka. Ngokwesiqhelo, kwangoko nje ukuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka ifunyenwe, ezo zilwanyana ziyasuswa ekutyeni kwabantu. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala ngayo.

Ingaba umkhuhlane weentaka uyosulela umntu komnye umntu?

Umkhuhlane weentaka awuqhelekanga kangako. Oko kukuthi, akwenzeki lula kangako. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezimbalwa zokudluliselwa komntu komnye umntu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Kodwa akukho nanye eMelika. Okwangoku, abantu baye bafumana umkhuhlane weentaka ngokudibana nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu omnye uyawufumana, kusoloko kukho ithuba lokuba intsholongwane ingatshintsha (oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-"mutate") kwaye isasazeke lula phakathi kwabantu. Yinto ekufuneka uyilumkele loo nto.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomkhuhlane weentaka?

Abantu abasebenza neentaka zamanzi ezifana neenkukhu, amadada, kunye neehansi, kunye nabo basebenza neenkomo zobisi, basengozini enkulu yokufumana umkhuhlane weentaka kuba bahlala bedibana nezi zilwanyana. Ngoko ke, abantu abanjalo kufuneka balumke ngakumbi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yomkhuhlane weentaka?

Umkhuhlane weentaka ngamanye amaxesha unokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana nezi:

• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (i-Acute respiratory distress syndrome) (Oku kwenza ukuphefumla kube nzima kakhulu)
• Usulelo lweentsholongwane (xa umzimba ubuthathaka yintsholongwane, ezinye iintsholongwane zinokungena ngokulula)
• I-Sepsis (usulelo olunzima nolusongela ubomi olusasazeka emzimbeni wonke)
• Ukudumba kwengqondo, umzekelo i-meningoencephalitis
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla (ukungakwazi ukuphefumla)

Ungayibona njani i-bird flu?

Oogqirha baxilonga umkhuhlane weentaka ngokuthatha isampuli encinci (iswab) emqaleni wakho, empumlweni, okanye kwi-conjunctiva (inwebu encinci phezu kwenxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho). Uvavanyo lwangoku luchonga intsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka enzima kakhulu, i-H5N1, njenge-influenza A. Nangona kunjalo, iilabhoratri azivavanyeli rhoqo isampuli nganye evavanywe ukuba ine-influenza A ukuze zibone ukuba yi-influenza yeentaka na. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhe wadibana neentaka, iinkomo, okanye ezinye izilwanyana ezinokuba zine-influenza, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho. Ukuba isampuli ivavanywe ukuba ine-influenza A, isampuli ingathunyelwa kwilabhoratri ekhethekileyo ukuze ivavanywe ukuba ine-influenza yeentaka.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomkhuhlane weentaka?

Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, umkhuhlane weentaka unokunyangeka. Ugqirha angakunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane afana nala:

• I-Oseltamivir (usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto phantsi kwegama lebrendi iTamiflu®)
• I-Peramivir (iRapivab®)
• I-Zanamivir (Relenza®)

Eli yeza lifanele lithathwe kuphela njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-bird flu?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba singenza ntoni ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kule flu yeentaka. Ezi zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka sizikhumbule, akunjalo?

• Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela xa usebenza neentaka, izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nezilwanyana zasefama. Oku kuquka iiglavu, imaski yobuso, kunye neeglasi zokukhusela amehlo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi emva kokuphatha iintaka, izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nezilwanyana zasefama, okanye emva kokutyelela iindawo ezihlala kuzo. Oku kuquka ukutyelela ii-zoo, iifama, okanye iindawo ezikufutshane namanzi apho kuhlala khona amadada namahansi.
• Musa ukusebenza nezilwanyana ezigulayo okanye ezikhe zachaphazeleka yi-bird flu.
• Ukuba kukho ubhubhane, landela imiyalelo yeengcali zempilo yoluntu ukuze unciphise ukusasazeka kwawo.
• Emva kokutyelela iindawo apho kuhlala khona izilwanyana ezifana namadada, amahansi, kunye neenkukhu , khulula izihlangu zakho ngaphambi kokuba ungene endlwini. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wenkunkuma yeentaka okanye ezinye izinto ezinokuba nentsholongwane engena endlwini.
• Musa ukusela okanye ukuphatha ubisi olungafakwanga iintsholongwane. Kuphephe ukusela ubisi olungaphekwanga.
• Fumana inaliti yomkhuhlane wexesha elithile. Nangona oku kungakhuseli ngqo kwi-bird flu, kunokunceda ekuthinteleni izifo ezinzulu kunye nosulelo oluhambelanayo.

Amagunya ezempilo karhulumente, afana neZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) eMelika, ahlala ejonga ukusasazeka komkhuhlane weentaka phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu. Izazinzulu zikwasebenza ekuphuhliseni imijovo enokuthintela umkhuhlane weentaka okanye ukunciphisa ubukhali bawo. Ezi mijovo zingasetyenziswa ukuba kukho umngcipheko wobhubhane omkhulu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana umkhuhlane weentaka?

Abanye abantu abane-bird flu banokuba neempawu ezingephi, okanye bangabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Kodwa ukuba ugula kakhulu, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele. Iqela lezonyango linokukujonga iimpawu zakho kwaye likunyange ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuvela iingxaki.

Ingaba umkhuhlane weentaka uyabulala?

Lilonke, izinga lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yomkhuhlane weentaka liphezulu – kuyo yonke imbali, malunga nesiqingatha sabo bafunyaniswe benale sifo bafile. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweziganeko zakutshanje ezibikwe eMelika bezincinci, azinzima. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki, kodwa ulumke.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomkhuhlane weentaka (umzekelo, ukuba usebenza kwifama yenkukhu), thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokuwuthintela kunye nexesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka ngumkhuhlane weentaka, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-103 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius)
• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha kwengqondo (ukungaqondwa ngabanye, ukungakwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo kufutshane nawe)
• Ukudinwa kakhulu okanye ukungakwazi ukuvuka
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Intamo eqinileyo (ngokungathi kunzima ukuyigoba intamo)

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezinzima ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ukusasazwa komkhuhlane weentaka kwabanye?
• Ndingahlala kude kangakanani nabanye abantu?

Ingaba i-bird flu iyingxaki ngokwenene ngoku?

Umkhuhlane weentaka usasazeka phakathi kweentaka, iinkomo, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo. Ngamanye amaxesha unokudluliselwa ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya ebantwini. Le yingxaki kwimpilo yezilwanyana zasendle, ukutya kwethu, kunye nempilo yabantu. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Ngaba umkhuhlane weentaka unokuba ngubhubhane?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka. Khawucinge nje, ukuba intsholongwane ye-bird flu ifumana utshintsho lwemfuza kwaye isasazeka lula ebantwini, inokuba yibhubhane. Yiyo loo nto abasemagunyeni bezempilo behlabathi besoloko bekhangela oku.

Iinkomo ziyifumana njani i-bird flu?

Iinkomo nezinye izilwanyana zifumana umkhuhlane weentaka ngendlela efanayo nabantu. Oko kukuthi, ngokuphefumla amasuntswana othuli angcoliswe yintsholongwane kwindawo esikuyo isilwanyana okanye ngokudibana ngqo nolwelo lomzimba wesilwanyana esosulelekileyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Xa ubona iindaba ezinkulu malunga nomkhuhlane weentaka kumaphephandaba nakwiTV, usenokuba noloyiko oluncinci. Yinyani leyo. Nangona kungaqhelekanga kangako ebantwini okwangoku, umngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kwabo basebenza ngeenkomo zobisi, iintaka, okanye ezinye izilwanyana ezinokuthwala le ntsholongwane.

Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaxhalabi, ukwazi ulwazi olufanelekileyo, nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko malunga nomkhuhlane weentaka, thetha nogqirha. Ukwaziswa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela. Khumbula, ukhuseleko lungcono kunokungathethi nto.

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