Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba ngoncedo olunye nje, ungasindisa ubomi bonke bomntu onesifo esibi njenge-leukemia? Ayimangalisi loo nto? Yiloo nto ukunikela ngeeseli zegazi. Ukuva eli gama kusenokuvakala kuyoyikisa kancinci, kwaye kunokubonakala ngathi yinto enkulu. Kodwa namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Zithini ezi seli zegazi?
Ngamafutshane, ii-stem cells luhlobo lweseli 'eyintloko' emzimbeni wethu. Oko kukuthi, ezi seli zinokuba yiyo nayiphi na uhlobo lweseli olufunwa ngumzimba. Ezi seli ze-blood stem cells esithetha ngazo zinokwenza zonke iintlobo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zeeseli egazini lethu: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Ezi seli zihlala zifumaneka kumongo wethu wethambo.
Ngoko ke, xa umntu efumana umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia, okwenzekayo kukuba ifektri evelisa iiseli kwi-bone marrow iyaphela. Oko kuthetha ukuba endaweni yeeseli eziphilileyo, kuveliswa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga nezigulayo. Kulapho ke kufuneka khona ukufakelwa i-stem cell esempilweni.
Ngubani ofuna ukufakelwa i-stem cell?
Kukho izifo ezininzi apho olu nyango lunokusindisa ubomi. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zizifo ezinxulumene negazi kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Olu nyango lubandakanya ukutshabalalisa umongo wethambo wesigulana owonakeleyo nogulayo, uze uwutshintshe ngeeseli ezithathwe kumntu ophilileyo. Ezi seli zintsha emva koko zihlala kumongo wethambo wesigulana zize ziqale ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezintsha neziphilileyo.
Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziphambili ezifuna olu nyango:
- I-Leukemia: Umhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
- I-Lymphoma: Umhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic.
- I-Multiple Myeloma: Umhlaza weeseli zeplasma kumongo wethambo.
- I-Aplastic Anemia: Imeko apho umongo wethambo ungakwazi ukwenza iiseli ezintsha.
- I-Sickle Cell Anemia: Isifo esidluliselwa kwilifa esibangela ukuba imo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi itshintshe.
- Ezinye izifo ezahlukeneyo ze-myeloma kunye ne-bone marrow.
Uyikhetha njani 'efanelekileyo'?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo neyinkimbinkimbi yenkqubo. Kanye njengokuba uhlobo lwegazi luhambelana xa kunikelwa ngegazi, ukunikela ngeeseli ze-stem kufuna ukuhambelana okunzulu ngakumbi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) matching .
I-HLA yiseti yeempawu ezikumphezulu weseli nganye emzimbeni wethu. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ijonga ezi zimpawu ukuze ichonge ukuba 'le yinxalenye yomzimba wethu' okanye 'le yinto engaqhelekanga.' Iimpawu ze-HLA zomnikeli kunye nommkeli kufuneka zifane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba azinjalo, umzimba wesigulana unokungazamkeli iiseli ezisandula ukufakelwa, okanye iiseli ezintsha zinokuhlasela umzimba wesigulana.
Oogqirha bafuna umntu ofanelekileyo ngolu hlobo:
1. Amalungu osapho asondeleyo: Abantwana bakowenu okanye abantakwabo ngabona banokuba ngamaqabane afanelekileyo. Kunokubakho namaqabane phakathi kwabazali nabantwana.
2. Abanikeli abangadibaniyo: Ukuba ilungu losapho alifani, umntu ofana naye ukhangelwa kwiirejista zabaxhasi beeseli ze-stem kwihlabathi liphela.
3. Abanikeli beHaploidentical: Ngamanye amaxesha, ilungu losapho (umz., abazali, abantwana) elilingana ngokupheleleyo ne-HLA markers lingasetyenziswa.
Ngaba nawe ungaba ngumnikeli? - Inkqubo inyathelo ngenyathelo
Ukuba umntu ufuna ukwenza into entle ngolu hlobo, kukho inkqubo efanelekileyo yokwenza oko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kulowo unikelayo kunye nalowo ufumana uncedo.
| Amanyathelo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ubhaliso | Okokuqala, kufuneka ujoyine irejista yabanikeli, apho uzalisa khona uxwebhu lwemibuzo malunga nembali yakho yempilo kwaye uveze imvume yakho. |
| 2. Uvavanyo lwe-HLA | Uvavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA. Kulula kakhulu. Usula umlomo wakho nge-cotton bud encinci uze uthumele loo sampuli yeseli ukuze ivavanywe. |
| 3. Ukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo | Ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luhambelana nesigulana, irejista iya kuqhagamshelana nawe. Oku kungathatha iinyanga, mhlawumbi iminyaka. Okanye kusenokungaze kufane. |
| 4. Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa | Ukuba kufunyenwe into efanayo, kuya kuthathwa isampuli yegazi ukuqinisekisa ulwazi olongezelelekileyo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo. Kuya kwenziwa novavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba usempilweni. |
| 5. Ukwazisa kunye nemvume | Umcebisi uza kukuchazela yonke inkqubo, iingozi zayo, nayo yonke enye into. Emva koko, imvume yakho enolwazi iya kufunyanwa. |
Ngubani ongafanelekiyo koku?
Asinguye wonke umntu onokunikela ngee-stem cells. Ubudala kunye nesimo sempilo zezona zinto ziphambili. Ngokubanzi, abantu abasempilweni abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-40 banokubhalisa. Ezinye zeemeko ezinokukwenza ungafaneleki ukunikela ziquka:
- Ukuba ne-HIV/AIDS.
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni ezifana ne-arthritis enzima (umz. i-Rheumatoid Arthritis).
- Ukuba nembali yesifo sentliziyo (uhlaselo lwentliziyo, utyando lwe-bypass).
- Ndinyangelwe umhlaza (ingakumbi kwiminyaka emi-5 edlulileyo).
- Isifo seswekile sisebenzisa i-insulin.
- Usulelo lweHepatitis B okanye C.
- Isifo sezintso esibi kakhulu.
Olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Ukuba unomdla wokunikela kodwa awuqinisekanga ngokufaneleka kwakho, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba.
Indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yokuvuna iiseli
Wakuba wamkelwe njengomnikeli, uza kunikwa inaliti yemihla ngemihla ukususela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kosuku oluqokelelwa ngalo iiseli zakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiFilgrastim . Le naliti ivuselela umongo wakho wethambo ukuba ukhuphe inani elikhulu leeseli eziqalayo egazini lakho. Le naliti inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci, ezifana neentlungu zomzimba, umkhuhlane omncinci, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto ziya kuphela ngokukhawuleza emva kwenaliti.
Ngosuku lokuqokelelwa kweeseli, nantsi into eyenzekayo:
1. Uza kubekwa esitulweni okanye ebhedini ekhululekileyo.
2. I-cannula (ityhubhu encinci) iya kufakwa emthanjeni kwiingalo zakho zombini.
3. Kwelinye icala, igazi lakho liya kumatshini. Lo matshini wahlula kuphela iiseli ze-stem egazini.
4. Emva kokuba iiseli ze-stem zahlulwe, igazi eliseleyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho nge-cannula ekwelinye ingalo.
Yonke le nkqubo ithatha malunga neeyure ezi-4-6. Kungathatha iintsuku ezi-2-3 ukuqokelela inani elifunekayo leeseli. Kufana nokunikela ngegazi, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide.
Akukho mingcipheko mikhulu okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kwale nkqubo. Abanye abantu banokubona ukwehla okuncinci kwamanqanaba e-calcium kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha. Ngelo xesha, iqela lezonyango liya kukunika ipilisi ye-calcium. Emva kokuba umnikelo ugqityiwe, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngeeseli zegazi sisenzo esihle, njengokunikela ngobomi kumntu onesifo esinzulu njenge-leukemia.
- Le yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu kumntu onikelayo. Akuyi kubakho monakalo wexesha elide emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukuze ube ngumnikeli, kufuneka ube ngumntu osempilweni kwaye uhlangabezane nezikhokelo zonyango.
- Ngenxa yokuba ukufanisa umnikeli kunye nesigulana kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-HLA, kunokuba yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu abaninzi babhalise njengabanikeli.
- Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nkqubo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Baza kukunika ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo.
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