Mhlawumbi kufuneka wenze utyando olukhulu. Okanye mhlawumbi ube nengozi waza waphulukana negazi elininzi. Ngexesha elinje, ugqirha usenokukuxelela athi, "Kufuneka undinike igazi." Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa usiva la mazwi. "Owu, ndingafumana igazi lomnye umntu? Ingaba likhuselekile? Ngaba kukho into enokwenzeka?" Imibuzo emininzi inokuvela engqondweni. Kodwa ungoyiki. Ukunikela ngegazi, okanye njengoko sibiza ngokwezonyango, " utofelo-gazi ", yinto eqhelekileyo nekhuselekileyo kule mihla. Namhlanje, siza kufumana iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo onayo malunga noku.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukutofelwa igazi?
Kulula kakhulu. Ukunikela ngegazi kuthetha ukubuyisela emzimbeni wakho igazi okanye inxalenye yegazi elahlekileyo emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokugula okanye ingozi ethile. Khawuthelekelele ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu zezinto ekufuneka umzimba wethu ube nazo egazini eliphilileyo azikho, ukunikela ngegazi ngale ndlela kunokuyilungisa loo ngxaki.
Le nkqubo idla ngokuthatha phakathi kweyure e-1 ukuya kwezi-4, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani begazi ekufuneka unikele ngalo kunye nohlobo lwenxalenye yegazi onikela ngalo. Le yinkqubo yezonyango ephumelele kakhulu kwaye ikhuselekileyo esindise izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela.
Kutheni umntu kufuneka anikele ngegazi?
Zininzi izizathu zokuba umntu anikele ngegazi. Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili.
| Isizathu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Utyando olukhulu okanye ingozi enkulu | Ngexesha lotyando okanye ingozi enkulu, igazi elininzi linokulahleka emzimbeni. Kufuneka igazi ukuze kubuyiselwe umthamo wegazi olahlekileyo. |
| Ukopha kwindlela yokugaya ukutya | Ukuba uphuma igazi kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya ngenxa yezilonda okanye esinye isifo, kunokufuneka utofelwe igazi ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukulahleka kwegazi okwenzekayo. |
| I-anemia | Umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia, isifo sezintso, okanye ezinye izizathu zinokunciphisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni emzimbeni. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-anemia. Kwezi meko, utofelo-gazi lusetyenziselwa ukunika iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. |
| Unyango lomhlaza | Unyango lomhlaza olufana ne-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy lunokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwegazi. Kusenokufuneka unikele ngegazi ngala maxesha. |
| Izifo zegazi kunye nezifo zesibindi | Abantu abanezifo zegazi ezizuzwe njenge-thalassemia okanye izifo zesibindi ezinzulu banokufuna utofelo-gazi rhoqo. |
Masifunde ngeentlobo zegazi kunye neenxalenye zegazi.
Yintoni esegazini lethu?
Igazi lethu alilolwelo olunye nje kuphela. Linamacandelo aliqela aphambili.
- Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu : Ezi ziiseli ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
- Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi zifana nomkhosi wemizimba yethu, zilwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
- Iiplatelets: Ezi ziiseli ezincinci kakhulu. Xa kukho ukwenzakala kwaye kuphuma igazi, ezi platelets zinceda ekumiseni ukopha .
- Iplasma: Le yinxalenye yolwelo olumthubi egazini. Iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, ezifana neeproteni ezinceda ekujiyeni kwegazi.
Ngamanye amaxesha unganikela "ngegazi elipheleleyo," eliqulethe zonke ezi zinto, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi uya kunikwa kuphela inxalenye ethile yomzimba wakho ongenayo ngelo xesha. Umzekelo, umntu one-anemia unokunikwa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kuphela.
Ngaba iintlobo zegazi kufuneka zihambelane?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka kube yinto efanayo. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo xa kunikelwa ngegazi.
Sineentlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi: u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O. Ukongeza, uhlobo ngalunye lwegaziKukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Rh factor . Ngokuxhomekeke kuyo, uhlobo lwegazi lunokuba luhle (+) okanye luhle (-).
Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi olufumanayo alufani nolwakho, ii-antibodies zomzimba wakho ziya kuqala ukuhlasela iiseli ezintsha zegazi. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki eziyingozi kakhulu, ezisongela ubomi.
Yiyo loo nto ithontsi ngalinye legazi elinikelwa ziibhanki zegazi livavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwegazi, i-Rh factor, kunye nezinye izifo.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-O babizwa ngokuba "ngabanikeli begazi abaqhelekileyo" kuba kwimeko engxamisekileyo, igazi le-O negative (O-) linokunikwa umntu onohlobo lwegazi.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-AB babizwa ngokuba "ngabamkeli begazi abaqhelekileyo" kuba banokufumana igazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi.
Zithini iingozi zokunikela ngegazi?
Okokuqala, ukunikela ngegazi yinto ekhuselekileyo kakhulu kule mihla. Yonke ingxowa yegazi ivavanywa izifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-HIV , i-Hepatitis B kunye ne-C, ngoko ke umngcipheko wosulelo uphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengakunyango lwezonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuzazi.
| Umngcipheko/Ingxaki | Oko kufuneka ukwazi ngale nto |
|---|---|
| Ifiva | Kuqhelekile ukuba nomkhuhlane omncinci kangangeyure okanye iiyure ezintandathu emva kokunikela ngegazi, kwaye akuyonto imbi kangako. Kodwa ukuba unomkhuhlane kunye nesicaphucaphu okanye iintlungu zesifuba, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi wakho ngokukhawuleza. |
| Iimpendulo ze-Allergic | Nokuba ufumana uhlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo, usenokufumana iimpembelelo ezincinci ze-allergy, ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa kunye nokurhawuzelelwa. Oku kudla ngokuvela ngexesha okanye emva nje kokunikela ngegazi. |
| Impendulo ye- Acute Immune Hemolytic | Le yingxamiseko yezonyango engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa inzima. Kulapho umzimba wakho uhlasela khona iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisandula ukunikelwa. Iimpawu zingabandakanya umkhuhlane, ukubanda, isicaphucaphu, iintlungu esifubeni okanye emqolo ongezantsi, kunye nomchamo omnyama. Le yingxamiseko! |
| Impendulo ye-Anaphylactic | Oku kungabeka ubomi esichengeni, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu. Kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokuba uqalile ukukhupha igazi, unokufumana ukudumba kobuso nomqala, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Usulelo oluthwalwa ngegazi | Yile nto abantu abaninzi bayoyikayo. Kodwa eneneni, kule mihla, umngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu. I-National Blood Donor Service yaseSri Lanka ivavanya ngokungqongqo yonke ingxowa yegazi ukuze ibone izifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, i-C kunye ne-syphilis. Umngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba ithuba lokufumana i-HIV ngokunikela ngegazi limalunga nesigidi esinye kwisibini. |
| Ukugqithiswa kwesinyithi (iHemochromatosis) | Oku kwenzeka kubantu abafumana igazi ngokuphindaphindiweyo (umz., izigulane ezine-thalassemia). Amanqanaba e-iron emzimbeni anokunyuka, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo entliziyweni nakwisibindi. Oogqirha bayaluqaphela olu nyango kwaye banikezela ngonyango olufunekayo. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazisa umongikazi okanye ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba uziva into engaqhelekanga okanye engakhululekanga, nokuba incinci, ngexesha okanye emva kokunikela ngegazi. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinzulu emva kokuba ubuyile ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utofelo-gazi luyindlela yonyango esindisa ubomi, kwaye ngokubanzi ikhuselekile kakhulu. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Ngaphambi kokuba unikwe igazi, igazi elinikelweyo liyavavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba liyahambelana nohlobo lwegazi lakho, i-Rh factor, kunye nokuba linazo na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha okanye emva kokunikela ngegazi, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukurhawuzelelwa, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye iintlungu zesifuba okanye zomqolo, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi wakho ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo, uloyiko, okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo ngale nto. Ukuchaza yonke into kuya kukunika uxolo lwengqondo.
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