Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba umnikelo omnye ovela kuwe ungasindisa ubomi bomnye umntu ngokupheleleyo? Ewe, yinyani. Isipho esixabisekileyo onokusinika umntu onesifo somhlaza wegazi esinzima njenge-leukemia, okanye esinye isifo segazi esinzima, kukunikela ngomongo wamathambo. Ukuva eli gama kunokuvakala ngathi kuyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa akuyonto inzima okanye ibuhlungu njengoko ucinga. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye ukunikela ngomongo wethambo?
Ngamafutshane, ukunikela ngomongo wethambo yinkqubo yokuthatha inxalenye yomongo wethambo womntu ophilileyo uze uwunike isigulana esinomongo wethambo ongaphumeleliyo. Ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu emzimbeni wethu (njengethambo lesinqe), kukho izicubu ezithambileyo nezithambileyo. Siyibiza ngokuba ngumongo wethambo . Le yifektri yokwenza igazi emzimbeni wethu. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets zonke zenziwe ngohlobo oluthile lweseli ngaphakathi komongo wethambo. Sizibiza ngokuba ziiseli ze-stem .
Ngoko ke, ukunikela ngomongo wethambo kuthetha ukuthatha inani elincinci lolwelo lomongo wethambo oluqulethe ezi seli zibalulekileyo ezivela kwithambo lesinqe somnikeli usebenzisa inaliti ekhethekileyo. Le nkqubo yenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, ukuze umnikeli angayiva intlungu.
Kutheni abanye abantu bedinga ukufakelwa umongo wethambo?
Abanye abantu, ngenxa yezifo abazalwa nazo okanye abazifumeneyo, abakwazi ukuvelisa igazi ngokufanelekileyo kumongo wabo wethambo. Okanye, baqala ukuvelisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana neeseli zomhlaza.
Ukufakelwa umongo wethambo kunokufuneka ikakhulu kwezi meko zilandelayo zonyango:
- Umhlaza wegazi: Umhlaza ofana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma.
- Izifo zokungasebenzi kakuhle komongo wamathambo: Umzekelo, kwisifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-aplastic anemia, umongo wamathambo uyeka ukuvelisa naziphi na iiseli zegazi.
- Ezinye izifo ezizuzwa njenge-thalassemia: Kwizifo ezinjalo, ukufakelwa komongo wamathambo ngamanye amaxesha sisisombululo kuphela.
Xa umongo wethambo wesigulana onesifo utshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo (nge-chemotherapy okanye nge-radiation) uze uthatyathelwe indawo ngumongo wethambo ovela kumntu ophilileyo, loo mongo mtsha uhlala emzimbeni wesigulana uze uqale ukuvelisa igazi eliphilileyo.
Ngamanye amazwi, oku kufana nokwakha kwakhona umzi-mveliso emzimbeni wesigulana. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo.
Uyifumana njani iqabane elifanelekileyo?
Le yeyona nxalenye inzima kakhulu kule nkqubo. Asinguye wonke umntu onokunika omnye umntu umongo wethambo. Iintlobo zezicubu zomnikeli kunye nommkeli kufuneka zifane ngokuchanekileyo . Oku sikubiza ngokubaIbizwa ngokuba yi-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) matching.
Ngamafutshane, i-HLA yiseti yeempawu zeproteni kumphezulu weseli nganye emzimbeni wethu ezisinceda siqonde ukuba "le yinxalenye yomzimba wam." Ukuba ezi zimpawu azifani ncam, umzimba wesigulana unokubona umongo wethambo osandul' ukunikelwa njengo "wangaphandle" kwaye ungawuvumi.
- Eyona ntsebenziswano ilungileyo: Olu lwalamano lwe-HLA ludla ngokubakho kumntakwabo okanye udadewenu (malunga nama-25%).
- Ngaphandle kosapho: Malunga nama-70% abantu abakwazi ukufumana umntu ofana nabo kusapho lwabo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukufumana umntu ofana nabo kwi-International Donor Registries.
Ingaba uhlanga lubalulekile xa kunikelwa ngomongo wethambo?
Ewe. Ezi mpawu ze-HLA zidibene kakhulu nohlanga kunye ne-genes. Oku kuthetha ukuba amathuba okufumana umxhasi ohambelanayo nomntu waseAsia aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamaAsia kunaphakathi kwamaYurophu. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abanikeli bazo zonke iintlanga babhaliswe.
Ngaba nam ndingaba ngumntu ofaka isandla? Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyenze ukuze ndenze loo nto?
Ukuba ngumnikeli womongo yinto entle onokuyenza ukuze usindise ubomi. ESri Lanka, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukufumana umnikeli ofanelekileyo kusapho lomguli. Ukuba akukho lungu losapho, oogqirha bazama ukufumana umntu ngokusebenzisa iirejista zamazwe ngamazwe zabanikeli.
Ukuba unomdla wokuba ngumnikeli, kukho iinkqubo zobhaliso ezisebenza kwihlabathi liphela. Inkqubo ngokubanzi ihamba ngolu hlobo:
1. Ubhaliso: Wakuba ubhalisile kwiziko elifanelekileyo, baza kuthatha isampuli yeseli ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho (esidleleni) besebenzisa iswab.
2. Ukuchonga uhlobo lwe-HLA: Isampulu iyavavanywa, uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luyachongwa, kwaye olo lwazi lufakwa kwisiseko sedatha yabo.
3. Ukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo: Ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luhambelana nesigulana naphi na emhlabeni, baya kuqhagamshelana nawe.
4. Isiqinisekiso: Emva koko, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulingana kuphelele kwi-100%.
5. Umnikelo: Ukuba yonke into ilungile, uza kuthunyelwa kwinkqubo yomnikelo ngemvume yakho.
Ziziphi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba ungakwazi ukunikela ngomongo wethambo?
Asinguye wonke umntu onokunikela ngomongo wethambo. Ezinye iimeko zempilo zikwenza ungafaneleki ukuba ngumnikeli. Ezinye zezi zizathu zidweliswe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Imeko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Ngokubanzi, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 abanakunikela. |
| Umhlaza | Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza ngaphambili waza wafumana unyango (i-chemotherapy/radiation). |
| Isifo sentliziyo | Iimeko zentliziyo ezinzima. |
| Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni | Umzekelo: Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba wonke, ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Iintsholongwane | Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, i-hepatitis B okanye i-C. |
| Isifo seswekile | Ukuba usebenzisa inaliti ye-insulin. |
Olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Ukuba unomdla wokuba ngumnikeli, kungcono uxoxe ngemeko yakho yempilo nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso.
Iqhubeka njani inkqubo yokunikela?
Wakuba wamkelwe njengomnikeli, imeko yakho yempilo epheleleyo iya kuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba unikele. Kuya kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana novavanyo lwegazi, i-ECG, kunye ne-X-ray yesifuba.
Nantsi into eyenzekayo ngomhla wokunikela:
1. I-Anesthesia: Usiwa kwigumbi lotyando uze ufakwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, ukuze ungeva nto.
2. Ukufunxwa komongo wethambo: Ngelixa ulele ngesisu sakho, oogqirha bafaka inaliti ekhethekileyo engenamngxuma eluswini olungasemva kwethambo lakho le-hipbone baze bakhuphe ulwelo lomongo wethambo kwisirinji. Kusenokufuneka ufake inaliti izihlandlo ezininzi ukuze ufumane ubungakanani obufunekayo.
3. Ubungakanani: Ngokwesiqhelo kususwa malunga ne-500 - 1000 ml yolwelo. Nangona oku kunokuvakala ngathi kuninzi, kungaphantsi kwe-10% yomongo wethambo wonke emzimbeni wakho.
4. Ixesha:Yonke le nkqubo ithatha malunga neyure.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokukhupha izinyo? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphola?
Emva kotyando, uza kusiwa kwigumbi lokuchacha. Wakuba ubuyele ezingqondweni, ungagoduka kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, awuyi kukwazi ukuqhuba imoto ngaloo mini.
Emva komnikelo, ungalindela oku kulandelayo:
- Intlungu yomqolo neyasesinqeni: Kunokubakho iintlungu kunye nokudumba kwindawo ehlatywe kuyo inaliti kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kunokunyangeka ngeepilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (ezifana neParacetamol).
- Ukudinwa: Usenokuziva udiniwe kancinci kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
- Ukuchacha: Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphinda luqalise imisebenzi yalo yesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Umzimba wakho uya kuphinda wakhe umlinganiselo womongo wethambo owasuswa kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba uthathe izongezo zesinyithi okwethutyana.
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yoku kukuba umnikelo wakho unika omnye umntu ithuba lesibini ebomini. Loo nto iyamangalisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngomongo wethambo lidini elihle elinokusindisa ubomi bomntu onezifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-leukemia.
- Umnikeli akaziva ntlungu kuba le nkqubo yenziwa ngokungazi.
- Asinguye wonke umntu onokunikela; ukuhambelana okuhle kohlobo lwethishu ye-HLA phakathi komnikeli kunye nommkeli kubalulekile.
- Umntu onikelayo unokubuyela ebomini obuqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Umzimba uphinda uhlaziye umongo wethambo ofunyenweyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
- Ukuba unomdla wokuba ngumnikeli, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto uze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nesikhokelo.
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