Singathetha ngezifo zobuchopho? Ngaba uyazi?

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ingqondo yethu, enokubonakala incinci xa uyijonga ekuqaleni, isebenza kangakanani? Eli lungu limangalisayo lilawula yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyenzayo, nesiyivayo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ingqondo inokuphuhlisa izifo ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezifo ezinjalo ezichaphazela ingqondo, okanye (Izifo Zobuchopho) . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku, kuba ngoko sinokuzibona ngokukhawuleza ezi meko size sifumane iingcebiso zonyango ezifunekayo.

Ngamafutshane, ingqondo ifana neziko eliphambili lolawulo lomzimba wethu. Ayikokukhula nophuhliso lwethu kuphela, kodwa nayo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba ilawulwa yingqondo. Yonke into oyicingayo, yonke into oyivayo, yonke into oyenzayo iqala apho. Ingqondo yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo . Ifana nebhodi yomama yekhompyutha. Kungenethiwekhi yemithambo-luvo apho ulwazi malunga nomzimba wethu kunye nehlabathi langaphandle luthwalwa khona lusiya engqondweni nakwithambo lomqolo . Ingqondo icubungula ezi mpawu kwaye ithumele iimpendulo ngethambo lomqolo lihamba ngemithambo-luvo. Ke ngoko, kukho izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela le ngqondo. Ezi zinokutshintsha indlela umntu aziphethe ngayo, ubuntu bakhe, amandla okuqonda ulwazi, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo zengqondo?

Kukho amakhulu eentlobo ngeentlobo zezifo zobuchopho. Ezinye azifumaneki lula. Kodwa masithethe ngezinye zeentlobo eziphambili ekufuneka sonke siziqaphele.

Izifo zobuchopho ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni

Oku kuvakala kungaqhelekanga, akunjalo? I-Autoimmune , ngokulula nje, xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, amajoni afanele ukusikhusela kwizifo, ehlasela iindawo ezithile zobuchopho bethu . Bacinga ukuba lutshaba oluvela ngaphandle.

• Umzekelo omhle woku yiMultiple Sclerosis (MS) . Njengokuba ucingo lombane lunesigqubuthelo seplastiki phezu kwalo, iiseli zethu zemithambo-luvo nazo zinesigqubuthelo sokukhusela. Kwi-MS, esi sigqubuthelo sonakalisiwe kwimithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni, emgogodleni, namehlo.
• Kukwakho nezinye izifo zengqondo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba ezifana ne-MS, kodwa azixhaphakanga kangako.
• Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne -autoimmune encephalitis, zinokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo, okubangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye nokuxhuzula amalungu omzimba ngokungazi.

Isifo sokuwa

Isifo sokuwa , okanye njengoko abanye abantu besibiza njalo, 'ukuba nesithukuthezi', ngumkhwa wokuba nesithukuthezi esiphindaphindayo . Ukuwa kufana nesaqhwithi sombane engqondweni.

• Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukulahlekelwa yingqondo kunye neentshukumo zomzimba ezingalawulekiyo.(ukuxhuzula).
• Kodwa ezinye izixhuzula azikho nzima kangako. Zisenokuba zingabonakali kakuhle, okanye zinokubandakanya iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo zelungu elinye lomzimba.

Iintsholongwane

Usulelo lwenzeka xa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane, ezinje ngeebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, zingena ebuchotsheni bethu okanye kwiinwebu ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ubuchopho.

• I-Meningitis lusulelo lwe-membranes ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ingqondo. Idla ngokubangela iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu, ukudideka , kunye nentamo eqinileyo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka i-spinal tap ukuze kuchongwe ukuba yeyiphi kanye kanye intsholongwane ebangela usulelo. Kulapho ke kuphela apho kunokuthi kunikwe khona amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afanelekileyo.

Isigulo sengqondo

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha, kunye neemvakalelo kunokunciphisa ukonwabela komntu ubomi kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezi:

• Ixhala
• Ukuxhuzula
• Uxinzelelo
• Ingxaki Yoxinzelelo Emva Kwengozi (PTSD)
I-Schizophrenia

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ingqondo yakho ifana nekhompyutha, kwaye ingqondo yakho ifana nesoftware esebenza kuyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqondo yakho 'yinkqubo yokusebenza' yengqondo yakho. Iingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zengqondo zifana neengcali zeenkqubo zekhompyutha ezifumanisa ukuba kutheni le software ingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ibangela iingxaki.

Rhoqo, unyango lubandakanya amayeza kunye nonyango lokuthetha. Abanye abantu bayathandabuza ukubona ingcali yezempilo yengqondo . Kodwa oko akunjalo ngokwenene. Isifo sengqondo sichaphazela umntu omnye kwabahlanu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba sivuleleke kwaye sifune uncedo.

Izifo zobuchopho eziwohlokayo kwi-Neurogenerative

Ezi zifo zihlala zibangelwa kukungaqheleki kweeproteni engqondweni. Ngamafutshane, iiseli zengqondo ziyatshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci. Ezi zikhula kancinci kancinci. Olu didi luquka:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Izifo ezininzi ezifana ne -ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) zizuzwa njengelifa.

Ezi zinto zihlala zisenzeka kancinci kancinci kwaye ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Zinokuchaphazela indlela yokucinga, inkumbulo, intshukumo, okanye indibaniselwano yazo. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ezinye zazo zifuzo.

Iingxaki zophuhliso lwe-Neurodevelopmental

Ezi ngxaki zichaphazela ukukhula nophuhliso lwengqondo, ingakumbi ngexesha lobuntwana. Zihlala zinyangwa ziingcali zemithambo-luvo zabantwana. Ngamanye amaxesha ingcali yezemfuza yezonyango inokufumanisa ukuba lufuzo na. Ukuba kunjalo, inokunika ingcebiso kusapho. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki zophuhliso lwengqondo, kuquka:

• Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuqwalasela Izinto Ngokupheleleyo (ADHD)
• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum
• I-Dyslexia ( ubunzima bokufunda)

Istroke

Istroke, okanye 'ukukhubazeka' njengoko abanye besibiza njalo, kwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi onika ingqondo izondlo uvalekile, okanye uqhuma rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zikhawuleza. Istroke yonakalisa inxalenye yengqondo. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ngentetho, ukuqonda, ukubona, amandla, iimvakalelo, okanye ukulungelelanisa. Ukuba ingqondo yonakaliswe kakhulu yistroke enye okanye ezingaphezulu, inokukhokelela kwi- dementia, isifo esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo . Ngamanye amaxesha, istroke inokubangela ukuxhuzula.

Ukulimala Kwengqondo Okubuhlungu

Olu didi luquka yonke into ukusuka kwingozi ezincinci ezifana nokuxhuzula ingqondo ukuya kwingozi enkulu yobuchopho efana namanxeba okudutyulwa. Ukulimala kwengqondo kunokubangelwa kukuwa, iingozi zeemoto, iingozi zemidlalo, okanye ubundlobongela basekhaya (kubandakanya ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana). Ukubethwa rhoqo entloko kunokubangela amanxeba ebuchotsheni, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) . Iingcali zotyando lwengqondo zinyanga ukwenzakala kunye nokopha ngaphakathi ebuchotsheni. Iingcali zengqondo, iingcali zengqondo, kunye neengcali zokuthetha zinceda ngeengxaki zokuziphatha kunye nokucinga ezivela emva kokwenzakala ebuchotsheni. Iingcali zengqondo zikwanyanga abantu abenzakeleyo.

Iintsholongwane zobuchopho

Umhlaza okhula kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengemiphunga, ibele, okanye ikholoni, unokusasazeka uye engqondweni uze wenze iithumba. Okanye, ezi thumba zinokwakheka kwizicubu zobuchopho ngokwazo okanye kwiingubo zobuchopho.

• Ngokungafaniyo neethumba ezisasazeka zivela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, iithumba ezikhula engqondweni okanye kwi- meninges zithathwa njengezingenabungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba azinabungozi , ukuba zikhula ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye azonakalisanga izicubu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo.
• Kodwa ukuba zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingene kwizicubu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo, zithathwa njengezinobungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba zizimila ezinobuzaza kwaye zinomhlaza .
• I-Astrocytoma sisimila esiqhelekileyo esikhula ngaphakathi kwengqondo. I-Meningioma sisimila esiqhelekileyo esikhula kwiindawo ezigqunywe yingqondo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo sobuchopho?

Izifo zobuchopho zichaphazela abantu abaninzi ngokwenene. Kodwa ukuxhaphaka kwesifo ngasinye kuyahluka kumntu nomntu. Umzekelo, ukuba ujonga izibalo eMelika:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer sichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6.
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum sichaphazela malunga nomntwana omnye kwabangama-44.
• Iithumba zobuchopho kunye neminye imingxunya yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo azixhaphakanga kangako, zimalunga ne-1.3% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza.
• Isifo sokuwa sichaphazela i-1.2% yabemi. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngabantu abadala abazizigidi ezi-3 kunye nabantwana abangama-470,000.
• I-Meningitis ngoku ayixhaphakanga kakhulu ngenxa yegonyo. Zingama-371 kuphela iimeko ezibikwe ngo-2019.
• Isifo sengqondo sixhaphake kakhulu, sichaphazela umntu omnye kwabahlanu abadala.
• Phantse isigidi sabantu siphila ne- multiple sclerosis .
• Istroke senzeka kubantu abamalunga nama-800,000 minyaka le.
• Abantu abangaphezu kwama-220,000 bangeniswe esibhedlele ngo-2018 ngenxa yokwenzakala engqondweni .

Zithini izizathu zezifo zengqondo?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo zobuchopho:

• Iityhefu kunye nemitha yelanga: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye nemitha yelanga kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezithile, ezifana neethumba zobuchopho.
• I-Genetics: Ii-gene ezithile kunye notshintsho lwe-genetic zinokubangela okanye zonyuse umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezininzi zobuchopho. Abaphandi bachonge ii-genes ezinxulumene neethumba zobuchopho, isifo sokuwa, izifo ze-neurodegenerative, iingxaki zophuhliso lwe-neurological, kunye nezifo zengqondo. Ii-genes ezibangela ezi zifo zinokufunyanwa njengelifa okanye zinokwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga.
• Umsebenzi wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Izifo zengqondo ezizikhusela ngokwazo zenzeka xa inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zomzimba wethu.
• Iintsholongwane: Izinto eziphilayo ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zinokubangela izifo zobuchopho ezifana ne-meningitis.
• Ukulimala: Iingozi kunye nokwenzakala zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezenzakala engqondweni. Ukulimala kwengqondo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye izifo zengqondo, ezifana nesifo sokuwa kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer.
• Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila engafanelekanga: Izinto ezifana neendlela zokutya ezingafanelekanga, ukungazilolongi, ukutshaya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala zifunyenwe zinxulunyaniswa nesifo sohlangothi kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer.

Oogqirha abakaqiniseki ukuba kutheni ezinye iintlobo zeengxaki zengqondo zikhula. Umzekelo, malunga nama-60% eemeko zesifo sokuwa azinasizathu saziwayo (idiopathic). Abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokufunda ezi ngxaki zengqondo ukuze bafumane izizathu kunye nonyango.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sengqondo?

Njengoko usazi, ingqondo ilawula yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke ukuba ingqondo yenzakele okanye inesifo, nawuphi na umsebenzi unokuchaphazeleka, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, indawo, kunye nobunzima besifo. Unokufumana iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nezi:

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu (ingakumbi intloko ebuhlungu entsha, enzima, okanye eyahlukileyo kweqhelekileyo)
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukungazi nto

Ukongeza, izifo zengqondo zingabonakalisa utshintsho kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ibhalansi
• Ukuziphatha
• Ukuphefumla
• Ulungelelaniso
• Ingqwalasela
• Inkumbulo
• Isimo sengqondo
• Intshukumo
• Ubuntu
• Iimvakalelo zomzimba (umz. ukungaziva, ukulahlekelwa zimvakalelo)
• Intetho (umz. ukuthintitha, ubunzima bokufumana amagama)
• Amandla (ingakumbi kwelinye icala lomzimba)
• Ukuginya
• Umbono (umz., umbono ofiphele ngesiquphe, umbono ophindwe kabini)

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu ezingaqhelekanga, ngequbuliso, okanye ezikhula kancinci kancinci, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuyithatha lula loo nto.

Indlela yokuxilonga izifo zengqondo?

Amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuxilongeni imeko yimbali kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba, kugxilwe kuvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Oku kuquka iimvavanyo ezilinganisa intshukumo, imvakalelo, ukusabela, kunye nobuchule bokucinga. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo ziya kumisela ukuba zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezifunekayo.

Ezinye iimvavanyo zingabandakanya:

• I-Biopsy: Ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu aze azivavanye kwilebhu. I-biopsy inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza wobuchopho ungowomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
• Uvavanyo lokuxilonga: Oku kuquka iimvavanyo ezifana ne -electroencephalogram (EEG), elinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo. Kukwakho novavanyo olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-evoked potentials, olujonga indlela imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo edluliselwa ngayo engqondweni.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ii-CT scans , ii-MRI scans , kunye nee-PET scans zinokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho. Ezi zinokunceda ekuchongeni umsebenzi wobuchopho kunye neendawo ezinesifo okanye ezonakeleyo.
• Uvavanyo lwelebhu: Uvavanyo lwegazi, umchamo, isitulo, okanye ulwelo lomqolo lunokunceda ugqirha wakho aqonde unobangela weempawu zakho. Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokwenziwa ukuze kuchongwe utshintsho lwemfuza olubangela ezinye izifo zobuchopho.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwengqondo: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ephepheni okanye kwikhompyutha. Olu vavanyo luvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlole inkumbulo yakho, indlela ocinga ngayo, kunye nobuchule bakho bokusombulula iingxaki.

Zinyangwa njani izifo zobuchopho?

Ngaphandle kokuthintela isifo ngaphambi kokuba sikhule, iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.

• Ezinye izifo zinokunyangwa (umzekelo, ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwi-meningitis, okanye ukususa ithumba).
• Ezinye zinokunyangwa, kodwa azinyangeki ngokupheleleyo (umzekelo, ukunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson, okanye ukunika amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula).
• Ezinye kufuneka siziqhelanise nazo (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa intonga kwiingxaki ezithile zokulinganisela).

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa unyango olufana nolu:

• Unyango lweNgcebiso kunye noNyango lokuziphatha ngokweNgqondo: Lawula imiba yempilo yengqondo kwaye unike inkxaso ngokweemvakalelo.
• Ukutya, umthambo kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo: Nciphisa iimpawu zezinye izifo, ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kunye ne-multiple sclerosis, kwaye uthintele ukuphinda kwesifo sohlangothi.
• Amayeza: Nyanga isifo kwaye ulawule iimpawu.
• Utyando lwe-endovascular olungenamsebenzi kangako: Lungisa umthambo wegazi oqhekekileyo.
• Unyango lomzimba, lomsebenzi okanye lokuthetha: Buyisela izakhono ezilahlekileyo.
• Ukuphumla: Nceda ingqondo iphile.
• Utyando: Ukuthintela ukopha ngaphakathi, ukususa ithumba lobuchopho, okanye ukuthintela ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula.

Ngaba izifo zobuchopho zingathintelwa?

Kukho intetho ethi, ‘Ukuthintela kuxabisa iponti enye yokunyanga.’ Yinyani leyo.

Izifo zengqondo ezinokuthintelwa zinokuthintelwa ngokutya ukutya okunempilo nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni, ukulawula izifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile , kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu , kunye nokufumana ugonyo oluchasene nosulelo oluchaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Ezi zikhokelo ziqhelekileyo zinokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wezifo zobuchopho ezinokuthintelwa:

• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo: Oku kuquka ukutya okunempilo okunentliziyo ,Ezi ziquka ukuzilolonga, ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Ukuphepha ukuvezwa kakhulu kwi -X-rays kunye neminye imithombo yemitha.
• Qinisekisa ukuba wena nabantu obathandayo nigonyelwe i-Bacterial Meningitis .
• Yazi imiqondiso yokulumkisa yestroke kwaye ufune uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko.
• Ukulawula izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo seswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu .
• Nciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala entloko ngokuphepha ukuwa, ukunxiba amabhanti ezihlalo xa uqhuba, kunye nokunxiba izigcina-ntloko xa uqhuba iibhayisekile okanye udlala imidlalo yokudibanisa umzimba.
• Ukuhlala usebenza ngengqondo nangokwentlalo.

Liyintoni ikamva ukuba unesifo sengqondo?

Ezinye izifo zengqondo ziyaphela ngaphandle komonakalo osisigxina. Ezinye zinokuphela, kodwa zinokushiya ukukhubazeka okuthile kwizakhono zakho zengqondo okanye zomzimba. Ezinye ziimeko eziqhubekayo ubomi bonke. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye ugcine okanye uphinde usebenze kangangoko unako. Ungakhathazeki, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, izinto ezininzi zinokulawulwa.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kubalulekile ukufuna unyango kwangethuba ngenxa yokwenzakala kwengqondo kunye nezifo. Fumana unyango kugqirha nokuba unokwenzakala kancinci entloko. Kwakhona, yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwenye yezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuziphatha, isimo sengqondo, okanye ubuntu
• Inkumbulo kunye nexesha lokuqwalasela
• Umsebenzi womzimba, kuquka intshukumo, ibhalansi, kunye nokulungelelanisa
• Intetho
• Umbono

Ukuba uneempawu zokulumkisa zestroke, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko! Ezi ziinguqu ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kwentlungu:

• Utshintsho kwintetho (ukutshixiza okanye ukudideka) okanye ubunzima bokuqonda abanye.
• Ubunzima bokubona kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ngequbuliso.
• Ukungakwazi ukulinganisela, ukulungelelanisa, okanye ukukwazi ukuhamba.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo ebusweni, engalweni, okanye emlenzeni, ingakumbi kwelinye icala lomzimba.

Sithini isigidimi esifuna ukusithatha kweli nqaku?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifo zengqondo. Ezinye zixhaphake kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zichaphazela abantu abambalwa ngonyaka. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxilonga ngononophelo ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela iimpawu zakho aze akunike isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nokulimala kwengqondo okanye isifo, landela icebiso likagqirha wakho lonyango kunye nolawulo lwexesha elide. Unyango, amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo kunokukunceda uphile ubomi obupheleleyo kangangoko unako.Ungalibali, impilo yengqondo yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu iyonke! Ngoko ke masiyinyamekele.

Izifo zobuchopho , ubuchopho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, isifo sokuwa, isifo sohlangothi, i-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's, impilo yengqondo, i-meningitis, izifo zemithambo-luvo