Kwabasetyhini abaninzi, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni, ixesha apho ukuya exesheni kuphela xa sele bekhulile, kunokuba lixesha elinzima. Abantu abaninzi abaziva bengakhululekanga ngenxa yezinto ezifana nobushushu, ukubila rhoqo, kunye nokungalali. Ngoko ke, unyango oludumileyo olucetyiswa ngoogqirha ukulawula ezi mpawu yiHormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Kodwa abantu abaninzi banemibuzo kunye noloyiko malunga nolu nyango lwe-HRT, ingakumbi malunga nokuba ingaba luyingozi na ukuba nomhlaza webele. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo nangokulula namhlanje.
Yintoni i-HRT? Yintoni eyenzayo?
Ngamafutshane, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni lixesha apho umzimba womfazi uvelisa i-estrogen kunye ne-progestin encinci ngokwendalo. I-HRT lunyango oluthatha indawo yezi hormone ngohlobo lwamayeza. Oku kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zokuya exesheni kakhulu.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-HRT:
1. I-HRT edibeneyo ( i-estrogen kunye ne-progestin ): Olu hlobo lunikwa uninzi lwabasetyhini abangakhange basuswe isibeleko sabo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuthatha i-estrogen yodwa kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko. I-hormone ye-progestin iyawunciphisa loo mngcipheko.
2. I-HRT ye-estrogen kuphela: Le inikwa kuphela abafazi abaye bakhutshwa i-hysterectomy kuba abakho semngciphekweni wokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko.
Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-HRT kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza webele?
Ewe, uphando lufumanise ukuba kukho unxibelelwano. Olona phando lubalulekileyo nolukhulu malunga noku yiWomen's Health Initiative (WHI). Iziphumo bezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokwaloo phando, abafazi abasebenzisa iihomoni ze-estrogen kunye ne-progestin (i-HRT edibeneyo) banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nomhlaza webele .
Akuphelelanga apho, kodwa kukho nenye ingxaki enkulu. Olu nyango lwehomoni lubangela ukuba izicwili zebele zijiye. Emva koko, ukuchaneka kovavanyo lwe-mammogram esilusebenzisayo ukufumanisa umhlaza webele kwangethuba kunokuncipha. Oko kuthetha ukuba nokuba umhlaza uvela, usenokungafunyaniswa de ube kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, olu phando lukwafumanise ukuba umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele kubafazi abasuswe isibeleko sabo baze bathathe i-hormone ye-estrogen kuphela awunyuki kakhulu .
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zokuthatha i-HRT?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango, i-HRT ineengenelo kunye neengxaki. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho kwaye uziqonde kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.
| Uhlobo lonyango | Iingenelo eziphambili | Iingozi eziphambili |
|---|---|---|
| I-Estrogen + iProgestin (i-HRT edibeneyo) (Kwabasetyhini abanesibeleko) | Ilawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zokuya exesheni (ezifana nobushushu obugqithisileyo). | - Umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza webele. - Umngcipheko ophezulu wesifo sentliziyo. - Umngcipheko ophezulu wesifo sohlangothi. - Ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
| I-HRT ye-estrogen kuphela (Kwabasetyhini abasuswe isibeleko) | Ilawula ngempumelelo iimpawu zokuya exesheni. | - Umngcipheko womhlaza webele awunyuswanga kakhulu. - Kodwa umngcipheko wesifo sohlangothi kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi usekhona. |
Ngoko ke, isigqibo sokuqala i-HRT sisigqibo ekufuneka senziwe kunye nogqirha wakho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezininzi, ezifana nemeko yakho yempilo, ubukhali beempawu zakho, kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho .
Ngaba i-HRT ifanelekile kumntu ophulukene nomhlaza webele?
Le yingxaki ebucayi kakhulu. Ngaphambili, i-HRT yayinikwa nabafazi abaphulukene nomhlaza webele ukulawula iimpawu zokuya exesheni. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luka-2004 olubizwa ngokuba yi-HABITS lubonise ukuba abasindileyo kumhlaza abathathe i-HRT babesengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza kwakhona okanye ukuhlaselwa ngumhlaza omtsha.
Ngoko ke, oogqirha ngoku bakholelwa ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu ukunika i-HRT kubafazi abaphulukene nomhlaza webele .
Ziziphi ezinye iindlela zokuqinisa amathambo endaweni ye-HRT?
Xa kuphuma i-menopause kuza umngcipheko okhulayo we-osteoporosis, isifo apho amathambo aba mancinci aze abe buthathaka. I-HRT yayikhe yacetyiswa nakule nto. Kodwa ngoku, ngenxa yezo ngozi, kukho ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo.
- IiBisphosphonates: Ezi zezona ntlobo zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-osteoporosis.
- Amanye amayeza: Ugqirha angakunika amanye amayeza afana ne -Abaloparatide , i-Denosumab, i-Romosozumab, kunye ne-Teriparatide.
- Ii-SERM (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators): Olu luhlobo olutsha lwamayeza asebenza njenge-estrogen. Andisa uxinano lwamathambo kwaye akhusela kwi-osteoporosis, ngelixa ekhusela nomhlaza webele. I-Raloxifene (Evista) liyeza elidumileyo lolu hlobo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azinciphisi iimpawu zokuya exesheni (ubushushu), kwaye zinokuzinyusa.
Izinto onokuzenza ngempilo yamathambo ngaphandle kwamayeza
Ukongeza kumayeza, indlela yokuphila inokwenza lukhulu ekugcineni amathambo akho omelele.
- Umthambo wokuthwala ubunzima: Ukuzilolonga okufana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, kunye nokunyuka izitebhisi.
- Ukusela izongezo ze-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D: Buza ugqirha wakho kwaye uqalise ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu emathanjeni.
- Ukuphepha ukusela utywala kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lokutshintshwa kwamahomoni (HRT) lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwiimpawu zokuya exesheni, kodwa kukho iingozi ezinxulumene nalo.
- I-HRT edibeneyo, equlethe zombini i-estrogen kunye ne-progestin , yonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza webele, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- I-HRT ye-estrogen kuphela yabasetyhini abasuswe isibeleko sabo inciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele, kodwa umngcipheko we-stroke kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi usekhona.
- Isigqibo sokuthatha i-HRT okanye ukungasithathi sisigqibo sobuqu kakhulu. Esi sigqibo kufuneka senziwe emva kokuxoxa ngononophelo ngazo zonke izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga nogqirha wakho.
- Ukuba uphilile kumhlaza webele, unyango lwe-HRT alukhuthazwa kuwe.
- Kukho amanye amayeza akhuselekileyo nasebenzayo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukukhusela impilo yamathambo (i-Osteoporosis) endaweni ye-HRT.
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