Uninzi lwethu luyoyika xa sisiva igama elithi ' umhlaza webele', akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba olu asilohlobo olunye lwesifo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zalo? Ukwazi kakuhle uhlobo lomhlaza onalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni ukuba loluphi unyango oza kulufumana. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangendlela enobuhlobo namhlanje. Ukwazi ezi zinto kuya kuba namandla amakhulu kuwe.
Uhlu lomhlaza ngokwendawo oqala kuyo
Enye indlela oogqirha abachaza ngayo umhlaza webele kukuba uqale phi emzimbeni kwaye nokuba usasazeke na.
Ngamafutshane, uninzi lwemihlaza yamabele luluhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-carcinoma. Oku kuthetha ukuba iqala kwizicubu ezingaphakathi kwebele nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Uninzi lwale mihlaza luwela kwi-subtype ebizwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinoma. Le yimihlaba eqala kwimibhobho ethwala ubisi okanye kwiigland ezivelisa ubisi (ii-lobules) zebele.
I-Ductal Carcinoma
Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamabele . Lukwanazo neenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili.
1. I-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Eli linqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza webele. Igama elithi 'In Situ' lithetha "apho ukhoyo." Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisengaphakathi kwimibhobho yobisi kuphela. Azisasasazekanga ngaphandle. Olu hlobo lubangela malunga nomhlaza webele omnye kwabahlanu abasandula ukufunyanwa. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba olu hlobo luphantse lunyangeke ngokupheleleyo.
2. I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza webele . Lubandakanya malunga ne-80% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza webele ezifunyenweyo. Igama elithi 'Invasive' lithetha "ukuhlasela." Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke ngaphandle kwemibhobho yobisi nakwizicubu ezingqongileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolu hlobo lwe-IDC. Nangona zinzima kancinci, masizijonge ngokulula.
| Uhlobo olungaphantsi lwe-IDC | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Medullary Carcinoma | Ifumene igama layo kuba ibukeka njengezicubu ezithambileyo engqondweni. Ayifumaneki kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5%). |
| I-Mucinous Carcinoma | Kukho izinto ezininzi ezifana ne-mucus (i-mucin) ezijikeleze iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kunqabile (ngaphantsi kwe-2%). |
| I-Tubular Carcinoma | Iiseli zomhlaza zinezakhiwo ezifana neetyhubhu ngaphakathi kuzo. Ezi zihlala zikhula zibe ziingceba kwaye zisabela kakuhle kunyango. |
| I-Papillary Carcinoma | Kukho iindawo eziphakamileyo ezifana neminwe (iipapules) zeeseli zomhlaza. Ziqhelekile kubafazi abadala. |
| I-Cribriform Carcinoma | Ipateni efana nentaba inokubonwa phakathi kweeseli zalo mhlaza ungaqhelekanga. |
I-Lobular Carcinoma
Kolu hlobo, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhula kulwelo lwee-glands ezivelisa ubisi (ii-lobules) zebele.
- I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo lomhlaza webele. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luqala ebeleni luze lusasazeke kwizicubu ezingqongileyo. Emva koko lunokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengee-lymph nodes.
- I-Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS): Musa ukoyika ngeli gama. Oogqirha abayithathi i-LCIS njengomhlaza kuba ayisasazeki ngaphandle kwebele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ne-LCIS kuthetha ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza webele kwixesha elizayo.
Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza webele
Ezi azixhaphakanga kangako, kodwa zifanelekile ukuzazi.
- Umhlaza webele ovuvukalayo: Lo luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5%) kwaye lunzima. Iimpawu zawo zahlukile kwezinye. Iiseli zomhlaza zivala imithambo ye-lymphatic ebeleni. Oku kubangela ukuba ibele lidumbe, libe bomvu, kwaye ulusu lube lukhuni . Ngamanye amaxesha ulusu lwebele lunokuba nesikhumba esi-orenji . Olu hlobo lunokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
- I-Phyllodes Tumor: Ezi zii-tumor ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo zebele. Yi-1 kuphela kwezi-4 eziba ngumhlaza. Ezinye zii-tumor ezingenabungozi.
- I-Angiosarcoma: Lo mhlaza ukhula kwimibhobho yegazi kunye nemithambo ye-lymph. Uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala.
- Isifo sikaPaget : Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Ngumhlaza okhula kwingono nakwindawo ejikeleze yona (i-areola). Ulusu lwengono lunokuba namaxolo, lube bomvu, kwaye lurhawuzelele . Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sikaPaget nabo banohlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-DCIS okanye i-IDC.
- Umhlaza Webele Owasasazekayo: 'Umhlaza' uthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwebele uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuthi "kuphambili" okanye "isigaba sesi-4." Ngokuqhelekileyo usasazeka esibindini, ebuchotsheni, emathanjeni, okanye emiphungeni.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, nokuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu kakhulu xa ufunyaniswa kwangethuba kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo lufumaneka.
Uhlu lomhlaza ngokwezakhi zofuzo kunye neehomoni
Emva kokuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza webele, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo oluthile kwiiseli zomhlaza ukuze abone ukuba iihomoni ze-estrogen okanye ze-progesterone , okanye ukuba kukho ii-genes ezithile, ziyayichaphazela na ukukhula komhlaza.
Kukwezi mvavanyo apho ugqirha akhetha khona unyango olufanelekileyo nolujoliswe kuwe.
- I-HER2-positive: Malunga nomhlaza omnye kwabahlanu wamabele uneproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-'HER2' (i-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2). Le proteni inceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Umhlaza we-HER2-positive unokuba yingozi ngakumbi. Kodwa kukho unyango olujoliswe kulo olujolise kule proteni, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukunyanga.
- I-Hormone Receptor-positive okanye negative: Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zineendawo ezikhethekileyo (ii-receptors) kumphezulu wazo apho ii-hormone zinokunamathela khona. Cinga ngeseli njengomnyango, kwaye ezi receptors zifana neengxingo ezikuyo.
- I-ER-positive: Iiseli zomhlaza zinee-receptors ezinokubophelela kwi-hormone ye-estrogen.
- I-PR-positive: Iiseli zomhlaza zinee-receptors ezinokubophelela kwi-hormone ye-progesterone.
- Ukuba ne-hormone receptor-positive kuthetha ukuba kukho enye okanye zombini ezi zinto zimbini. Ngenxa yokuba ii-hormone zinceda ezi ntlobo zomhlaza zikhule, zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngamayeza okuthintela ii-hormone (unyango lwee-hormone).
- I-hormone-receptor-negative ithetha ukuba zombini ezi receptors azikho.
- I-Triple-negative: Olu hlobo lubandakanya malunga ne-15% yamatyala. Njengoko igama lisitsho, ezi seli zomhlaza zine-estrogen receptors (ii-ETR)., ii-progesterone receptors (PR) kunye ne-HER2 zonke azikho. Ngenxa yoko, ayinakunyangwa ngonyango lwehomoni okanye unyango olujoliswe kwi-HER2. Oku kunokwenza unyango lube nzima kancinci, kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo, ezifana ne-chemotherapy.
Wakuba usazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza onalo, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo amathuba akho okuchacha kunye neendlela zonyango ezilungileyo. Musa ukoyika ukubuza yonke imibuzo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza webele awulosifo sithile, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
- Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo luxhomekeke ekubeni luqale phi ebeleni (imibhobho yobisi/iindlala), nokuba lusasazeke na, nokuba luchaphazeleke ziihomoni ezithile (ER, PR) okanye iiproteni (HER2).
- Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana neDCIS, zinezinga eliphezulu lokunyanga, ngelixa iintlobo ezifana nomhlaza webele ovuthayo zinokuba yingozi ngakumbi.
- Ukwazi imeko yehomoni kunye neyofuzo (i-receptor) yomhlaza wakho kubalulekile ekukunikeni unyango olusebenzayo nolujolise ngqo.
- Ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nokuchongwa kwakho, uhlobo lomhlaza, kunye nesicwangciso sonyango. Ukwaziswa sisiqingatha sedabi eliphumeleleyo.
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