Ibali malunga nentliziyo yakho: Masifunde ngee-enzymes zentliziyo okanye ii-biomarkers zentliziyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha siziva soyika kakhulu xa ngequbuliso sifumana iintlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, akunjalo? Sicinga, "Ngaba oku kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo?" Ngamaxesha anje, kukho uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuze bafumane ukuba kukho into engalunganga entliziyweni yakho. Yiloo nto olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo lubizwa ngayo.

Zithini ezi enzymes zentliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, ii-enzymes zentliziyo ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezifumaneka ngaphakathi kwiiseli zentliziyo yethu. Ii-enzymes ziikhemikhali ezinceda imizimba yethu ukuba iqhube iinkqubo zeekhemikhali, ezifana nokugaya ukutya , ngokufanelekileyo. Cinga ngale ndlela: intliziyo yakho ifana nendlu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezixabisekileyo ngaphakathi kule ndlu. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zinto zihlala ngaphakathi endlwini kwaye aziphumi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho into eyonakeleyo kule ndlu ebizwa ngokuba yintliziyo, umzekelo, ukuba intliziyo ayifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo (siyibiza ngokuba yi -ischemia ), okanye ukuba kukho imeko efana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, iiseli zentliziyo ziyayonakala. Kufana nokuba udonga lwendlu luphukile, umxholo ongaphakathi uyaphuma. Emva koko, ii-enzyme zentliziyo ezazingaphakathi kwezo seli ziqala ukuqokelelana egazini. Ngoko ke, ukwanda kobuninzi bezi enzyme egazini luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuba kukho uxinzelelo, umonakalo, okanye uxinzelelo entliziyweni . Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-biomarkers zentliziyo , kuba zibonelela "ngophawu" malunga nempilo yentliziyo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le Cardiac Enzyme Marker Test?

Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyoOlunye luvavanyo oluthatha isampuli yegazi lakho luze lulinganise amanqanaba ezi enzymes zikhethekileyo, okanye ii-biomarkers. Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu. Inani elincinci legazi lithathwa kumthambo osengalweni yakho.

Ugqirha usebenzisa olu vavanyo ukujonga ukuba inqanaba lale enzyme egazini liqhelekile okanye liphezulu. Ukuba inqanaba lale enzyme liphezulu kakhulu kunenqanaba elicetyiswayo , oko kuthetha ukuba ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, okanye ukuba kukho uxinzelelo oluthile entliziyweni. Ke ngoko, olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu.

Oogqirha bazisebenzisa njani ezi biomarkers zentliziyo?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, oogqirha bangayifumanisa njani isifo ngolu vavanyo lwegazi? Enyanisweni, oogqirha banokuqonda okuninzi ngokujonga amanqanaba ezi biomarkers zentliziyo. Kufana nomcuphi oqokelela izikhokelo.

Umzekelo:

• I-Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): Le yimeko ebangelwa kukwehla ngesiquphe kokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni. Oku kungaba sisandulela sokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye kungaba kuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Amanqanaba eeenzyme zentliziyo anokunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha.
• I-Myocardial Ischemia: Oku kwenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo zingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Kanye njengesityalo siyabuna xa singenamanzi. Xa iiseli zentliziyo zingenayo ioksijini, ziyaxinezeleka zize zikhuphe ezi enzymes.
• Ukulimala kwemisipha yentliziyo: Ezinye izizathu, ezinje ngezifo ezithile kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okuqatha, nazo zinokubangela umonakalo kwimisipha yentliziyo. Ezi enzymes nazo ziqokelelana egazini ngelo xesha.

Nganye kwezi meko inendlela yayo yonyango eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo , kuba kulapho unokufumana khona unyango olufanelekileyo nolukhawulezileyo.

Zithini iinjongo zolu vavanyo lwe-cardiac biomarker?

Oogqirha bajonga amanqanaba ezi mpawu zentliziyo ngezizathu ezimbalwa eziphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Uvavanyo lomonakalo wentliziyo kunye nezinye iingxaki: Ngamanye amaxesha sisenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezinkulu, kodwa sinokuba neengxaki ezincinci eziqala ngaphakathi ezintliziyweni zethu. Olu vavanyo lunokuchonga iingxaki ezinjalo ezifihlakeleyo.
• Ukuchonga iingxaki zentliziyo ezibangela iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba kunye nokuphefumla kancinci : Olu luvavanyo oluhlala lwenziwa ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukuba uya esibhedlele unentlungu yesifuba, olu lolunye lovavanyo lokuqala oluza kwenziwa ngoogqirha.
• Jonga indlela amayeza entliziyo kunye notyando lwentliziyo asebenza ngayo: Emva kokuba uqalise unyango lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, la manqanaba eeenzyme kufuneka ehle kancinci kancinci. Ngokubona ukuba oko kuyenzeka na, unokulinganisa impumelelo yonyango.
• Xela kwangaphambili isiganeko esiza kwenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo: Oko kukuthi, la manqanaba eeenzyme anceda ekufumaneni umbono wendlela esi sifo esiya kuqhubeka ngayo, ukuba sibi kangakanani, kunye namathuba okuphila.

"Olu vavanyo lufana nencwadi ebalisa ibali lentliziyo. Inika izikhokelo malunga nokwenzekileyo entliziyweni, imeko yayo yangoku, kunye noko kunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo."

Olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo lwenziwa phi?

Ukuthatha isampuli yegazi kolu vavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo kungenziwa ngemizuzu embalwa nje.

• Kwimeko kaxakeka: Ukuba unemeko kaxakeka, efana neentlungu zesifuba, uze uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele, olu vavanyo lwegazi luya kwenziwa apho.
• Kwimeko engeyongxamiseko: Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo, nokuba ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo okanye ngenxa yezinye iimpawu. Kwimeko enjalo, ungaya kwilabhoratri yovavanyo lwegazi uze uyenze.

Zeziphi iintlobo zee-enzymes zentliziyo (ii-biomarkers) ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-biomarkers zentliziyo ezinokukuxelela ngeengxaki zentliziyo. Phantse zonke ezi zii-enzymes okanye iiproteni. Amanqanaba aphezulu kwezinye zezi zinto anokubonisa ukuba usenokuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye esinye isifo sentliziyo.

• I-Troponin: Le yeyona biomarker ibalulekileyo nesetyenziswa kakhulu . Oogqirha baqala bajonge amanqanaba e-troponin ukuze babone ukuba intliziyo yonakaliswe yi-heart attack okanye i-ACS. Amanqanaba e-Troponin aqala ukunyuka egazini kwiiyure ezimbalwa (malunga neeyure ezi-3-4) emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kwaye anokuhlala ephezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-12. Kwakhona, inokuhlala iphezulu egazini kangangeveki okanye ezimbini. Ke ngoko, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bayaluphinda olu vavanyo lwe-troponin rhoqo emva kweeyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuze baqonde ubungakanani bomonakalo kunye nendlela imeko etshintsha ngayo.

• IiNatriuretic Peptides (NPs): Ezi lolunye uhlobo lweproteni. Zikhutshwa egazini xa intliziyo iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo . Nangona oogqirha benokulinganisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi peptides, ezona zixhaphakileyo zibizwa ngokuba yi -N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) . Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba intliziyo iphantsi koxinzelelo olungakanani ngenxa yokusilela kwentliziyo.

Ngubani ofuna olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo (i-biomarker)?

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo ukuba uneempawu ezibonisa ukuba unengxaki yentliziyo. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki:Olu lolona phawu luphambili abantu abaninzi abaloyikayo. Lunokuvela ngendlela ethile okanye enye. Kwabanye, luvakala ngathi luxinzelelo, kwabanye, luvakala ngathi lunzima, kwabanye luvakala ngathi luvutha. Le ntlungu inokusasaza nasemhlathini, entanyeni, embindini womqolo, emagxeni, okanye engalweni yasekhohlo.
• Isiyezi: Xa intliziyo ingasebenzi kakuhle, inani legazi eliya engqondweni linokwehla, nto leyo ebangela isiyezi.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye Ukugabha: Ezinye izifo zentliziyo nazo zibonisa ezi mpawu, ingakumbi kubafazi.
• Ukubila kakhulu: Ukuba ngequbuliso uziva ubanda kwaye ubila kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu, olo luphawu ekufuneka uluqwalasele.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci: Ukuba ufumana kunzima ukuphefumla nokuba usebenzisa umthambo omncinci, njengokunyuka izinyuko, okanye ukuba uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba umi nje, oku kufanele kuqwalaselwe.
• Ukwanda kokusilela kwentliziyo: Ukuba umntu sele enesifo sentliziyo, iimpawu zakhe ziyanda ngequbuliso (umz., ukudumba kwemilenze, ukuphefumla okwandayo).

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuze bafumanise isifo sentliziyo okanye umonakalo wentliziyo?

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ezininzi ukuze aqonde ngcono imeko yakho:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini. Kunceda ekufumaneni iimeko ezifana ne-anemia.
• I-Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) : Oku kuvavanya izinto ezifana nee-electrolytes (ezifana ne-sodium kunye ne-potassium), ukusebenza kwezintso, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini.
• Uvavanyo lweGesi egazini (ABG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa i-oksijini, i-carbon dioxide, kunye nebhalansi ye-asidi-base egazini. Oku kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wobunzima bokuphefumla.

Zeziphi ezinye izixhobo kunye novavanyo olusetyenziswayo ukuxilonga uhlaselo lwentliziyo okanye umonakalo wentliziyo?

Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zegazi, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afumanise imeko yentliziyo yakho:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona izinto ezinje ngobukhulu kunye nokuma kwemiphunga kunye nentliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Ingajonga ngokusondeleyo amagumbi, iivalvu, kunye nendlela intliziyo ebetha ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-echo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) lunokwenziwa.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG okanye EKG): Le irekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Iyakwazi ukubona iingxaki ngesingqisho sentliziyo kunye neempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomzimba okanye uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo lwenyukliya: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba intliziyo yakho isabela njani xa usenza umthambo.
• I-Angiogram: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ngqo apho kukho ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
• I-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Olu vavanyo lobuchwephesha obuphezulu lusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba iiseli zentliziyo ziphilile kangakanani na kunye nokuba igazi lihamba kakuhle kangakanani.

Umbuzo othi, “Ingaba ndinesifo sentliziyo okanye andinaso?” mkhulu. Ngamaxesha anje, udinga iimpendulo ezicacileyo ukuze uqhubeke phambili. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha besebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-cardiac biomarker kunye nezinye iimvavanyo. Ukuba amanqanaba egazi lakho ee-enzymes zentliziyo aphakanyisiwe, oko kunokubonisa ukuba intliziyo yakho yonakele, ixinezelekile, okanye ivuvukile. Ngoku lixesha lokubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo malunga nee-enzymes zentliziyo yakho kunye nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zithetha ukuthini.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezinye zezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ii-enzymes zentliziyo ziiproteni ezikhutshwa kwiiseli zentliziyo. Ezi ziqokelelana egazini xa intliziyo yonakele.
• Uvavanyo lwee-enzyme zentliziyo luvavanyo lwegazi olulula olulinganisa amanqanaba ezi enzymes.
• Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa iimeko ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, omnye umonakalo wentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwentliziyo. I-Troponin yeyona enzyme iphambili esetyenziselwa oku.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye isiyezi, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Musa ukuthandabuza ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho. Thetha nogqirha uze ucacise yonke into.

Intliziyo yakho yeyona nto ixabisekileyo kuwe. Luxanduva lwakho ukuyinyamekela. Ukuqaphela iimvavanyo ezinje kuya kukunceda ufezekise olo xanduva!