Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba izinto ozicingayo, ohamba ngazo, othetha ngazo, noshukumisa iingalo nemilenze yakho zenzeka njani? Ayipheleli apho, kodwa izinto ezinje ngokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo , kunye nokugaya ukutya zilawulwa njani ongaziqondiyo? Ingqondo ephethe konke oku, leyo isebenza njenge-'Command Center' yomzimba wethu, okanye igumbi lokulawula, yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi . Namhlanje, masithethe ngale nkqubo imangalisayo ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni inkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS)?
Inkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi ( CNS) yeyona nxalenye iphambili yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo . Khawuthelekelele ukuba umzimba wethu yinkqubo yekhompyutha entsonkothileyo nephucukileyo. Emva koko iyunithi yayo yolawulo ephambili, oko kukuthi, iprosesa (CPU), yingqondo yethu. Intambo ephambili edibanisa loo prosesa kunye nezinye iindawo zekhompyutha (njengemonitha, ikhibhodi, imawusi) yintambo yomqolo .
Xa ezo ndawo zimbini ziphambili, ingqondo kunye nomqolo, zidibana, sizibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (CNS). Le nkqubo yiyo eqokelela ulwazi oluvela kuwo wonke umzimba wethu, ilutolike, imisele ukuba zeziphi iimpendulo ezifunekayo, kwaye ithumele imiyalezo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zomzimba.
Zithini imisebenzi emithathu ephambili yale nkqubo?
Le nkqubo yonke inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amathathu aphambili.
1. Ukufumana ulwazi oluvela kwimvakalelo: Siqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwindalo esingqongileyo ngeemvakalelo zethu ezifana namehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi, kunye nolusu. Umzekelo, xa uchukumisa ikomityi eshushu yeti, ulusu lwakho luyaziva ubushushu. Ulwazi lokuba 'lushushu' luthunyelwa engqondweni ngemithambo-luvo.
2. Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi (Ukudibanisa): Ingqondo itolika ulwazi elufumanayo ngokuthi 'Oku kushushu, isandla sam singatsha.' Oku kuthetha ukuba ihlalutya idatha efunyenweyo ize yenze isigqibo malunga nento eza kuyenza emva koko.
3. Ukuphuma kweMotor: Ingqondo ithumela umyalezo ngentambo yomqolo ukuya kwizihlunu ezisesandleni sakho, isithi, "Susa isandla sakho, ngokukhawuleza!" Wakuba uwufumene loo myalezo, isandla sakho uyasisusa ngokukhawuleza.
Le nkqubo ikhawuleza kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele ufuna ukuhamba unqumla igumbi. Okokuqala, amehlo akho abona elinye icala, imiqobo esemgangathweni. Olu lwazi luya engqondweni. Ingqondo iyalucubungula olo lwazi ize iqonde ukuba, 'Kulungile, ungaya apho, akukho miqobo.' Emva koko ingqondo ithumela uthotho lwemiyalezo ngomthambo womqolo ukuya kwizihlunu ezisemilenzeni yakho, isithi, 'Kulungile, ngoku phakamisa umlenze wakho wasekunene, uwubeke ngaphambili, ngoku umlenze wakho wasekhohlo...' Uze uhambe. Konke oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba uqonde, ngesantya ongenakukwazi nokusicinga.
Zonke ezinye iimithambo-luvo ezisuka kwingqondo nakwi-spinal cord emzimbeni wonke zibizwa ngokuba yi-Peripheral Nervous System . Kufana neemithambo-luvo eziphuma kwindlela enkulu (CNS) ukuya kwiilali. Ezi nkqubo zimbini zisebenza kunye ukulawula umzimba wethu wonke.
Kwenzeka njani oku? Iphi indawo?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, inkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: ingqondo kunye nomqolo.
- Ubuchopho: Oku kugcinwe ngaphakathi kwentloko yethu. Yindawo yokulawula yonke into ukususela kwiingcinga zethu, iimvakalelo zethu, inkumbulo, intshukumo, ukufunda kunye nonxibelelwano.
- Intambo Yomthambo: Le ifana nomtya omde. Idlula kwikholamu yethu yomqolo . Ithwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni iye kuwo wonke umzimba, kwaye imiyalezo evela emzimbeni ibuyela engqondweni ngale mthambo yomqolo.
Indalo ibeke iindlela ezimangalisayo zokukhusela le nkqubo ibuthathaka nexabisekileyo.
1. Isigqubuthelo samathambo: Ingqondo igqunywe kakuhle lukhakhayi kwaye umthambo womqolo ugqunywe lumqolo.
2. IiMeninges: Kukho iimembrane ezintathu ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo, ngaphakathi kwamathambo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba ziiMeninges.
3. Ulwelo lweCerebrospinal: Kukho ulwelo olukhethekileyo phakathi kwee-membranes nangaphakathi kwimingxuma yengqondo. Olu lwelo lunceda ekunciphiseni umonakalo kwingqondo nakwi-spinal cord ngexesha lokwethuka kunye neempembelelo. Kufana nokubeka iqanda kwingxowa egcwele amanzi kwaye alinakonakala.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central
Ekubeni iyinkqubo ebuthathaka kakhulu, inokonakala zizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengozi. Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo sika-Alzheimer | Isifo apho inkumbulo, amandla okucinga, kunye nokuziphatha kulahleka kancinci kancinci ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci kweeseli zengqondo. |
| I-ALS (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – i-ALS) | Imeko apho izihlunu zomzimba ziba buthathaka kwaye zingasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ezilawula izihlunu. |
| Ithumba lobuchopho | Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli (ithumba) engqondweni. Ezi zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza. |
| Istroke | Ukonakala kwenxalenye yobuchopho ngenxa yokuvaleka okanye ukugqabhuka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni. |
| Ukulimala koMgogodla | Ukonakala komqolo ngenxa yokwenzakala komqolo, njengokuwa okanye ingozi yemoto. |
| Ukulimala Kwengqondo Okubuhlungu | Ukonakala kwengqondo ngenxa yokwenzakala entloko okanye ukubethwa kakhulu. |
| I-Myelitis eguquguqukayo | Ukudumba komqolo, okuphazamisa ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo yemithambo-luvo. |
Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zezifo ezinjalo?
Iimpawu zesifo se-central nervous system zingahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yomonakalo kunye nohlobo lwesifo, kodwa kukho iimpawu ezithile eziqhelekileyo.
- Intloko ebuhlungu: Iintloko ezibuhlungu ezihlala zihleli, ezibuhlungu ezingathomalaliswayo zizithomalalisi zentlungu eziqhelekileyo.
- Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka kwemisipha: Ukuziva ngathi kukho into engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye kwinxalenye yomzimba.
- Ukudinwa: Ukuziva ngathi ujikeleza.
- Ukudideka kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukulibala izinto ngequbuliso, ulahlekelwe yindlela ohlala ngayo.
- Iintshukumo ezizenzekelayo: Ukushukuma kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo.
- Ukuba ndindisholo, ukutsha, okanye intlungu emalungeni: Ukurhawuzelelwa emalungeni ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuziva ngathi ziimbovane zihambahamba.
- Ukuxhuzula: Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso kunye nokuxhuzula.
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zestroke, ezinje ngobuthathaka obukhawulezileyo kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye ukugoba komlomo wakho, okanye ukuba wenzakele entloko kwaye umbono okanye inkumbulo yakho itshintsha, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezijonga impilo yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo?
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unengxaki kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, banokwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa oko.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography – i-CT scan): Oku kufana ne-X-ray ekhethekileyo. Kuthatha imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yengqondo kunye nomqolo ukuze kuhlolwe naziphi na iingxaki, ezinje ngokopha okanye iithumba.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI scan): Oku kusebenzisa amandla emagnethi anamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi necacileyo yengqondo kunye nomqolo.
- I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram – i-EEG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula.
- Ukubhoboza iLumbar / iSpinal Tap: Oku kuquka ukubethelela umqolo obuhlungu nokusebenzisa inaliti encinci kakhulu ukususa inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Oku kunceda ekuxilongeni iimeko ezifana nosulelo kunye nokudumba.
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufunekayo emva kokuhlola iimpawu kunye nemeko yakho.
Siyigcina njani inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo isempilweni?
Umzimba wethu wonke udibene, ngoko ke ukugcina umzimba wonke usempilweni yeyona nto ilungileyo esinokuyenzela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Zininzi izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukunceda.
Ngempilo yomzimba
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokunokulinganisela. Faka imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho. Sela amanzi amaninzi.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga okubilayo ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kulungele umzimba wakho wonke kunye nengqondo yakho.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye i-cholesterol, zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Ukuba ezi zifo azilawulwa, zingonakalisa nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo: Nokuba awuguli, ngumkhwa omhle ukutyelela ugqirha ngamanye amaxesha ukuze uhlolwe rhoqo.
- Zikhusele kwiingozi: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukunxiba isigcina-ntloko xa udlala imidlalo, uqhuba ibhayisekile, kwaye unxibe ibhanti xa uqhuba imoto kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokwenzakala entloko nasemqolo.
Kwimpilo yengqondo
Ekubeni ingqondo ilawula iingcinga zethu kunye neemvakalelo zethu, ukugcina impilo yengqondo entle kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-CNS.
- Phumla kwaye ulale: Lala iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku. Thatha ikhefu elifutshane phakathi komsebenzi. Yenza into ephumza ingqondo yakho.
- Gcina unxibelelwano nabantu: Chitha ixesha nabantu obathandayo nabakhathaleleyo.
- Funda izinto ezintsha: Izinto ezinje ngokufunda ulwimi olutsha, isixhobo somculo, ukufunda iincwadi, kunye nokusombulula iiphazili zinceda ukugcina ingqondo isebenza.
- Yenza izinto ozithandayo: Yenza into oyithandayo.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo.
Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nempilo yenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (CNS) yingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo. Ifana negumbi lokulawula eliphambili lomzimba wethu.
- Le nkqubo ilawula izinto esizenzayo ngabom (ukuhamba, ukuthetha), kunye nezinto esizenzayo ngabom (ukuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo).
- Iimpawu ezinje ngokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso kwelinye icala lomzimba, ubunzima bokuthetha, kunye nokudideka emva kokwenzakala entloko zinokuba ziimeko ezinzima ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo yesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukugcina umzimba wakho wonke nengqondo yakho isempilweni yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyamekela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
- Ukuba uneempawu okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Inkqubo yeNervous eseMbindini, ubuchopho, umqolo, izifo zemithambo-luvo, istroke, ubuchopho, umqolo
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