Njengoko sikhwehlela kwaye sibanda kule mihla, ngaba ucinga ukuba, "Owu, ndinayo ntoni?"? Kunzima ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, i-coronavirus (COVID-19), okanye le ntsholongwane intsha ye-RSV, akunjalo? Kuba iimpawu zazo zonke ezi zinto zifana kakhulu. Nangona ezi zifo zokuphefumla zixhaphake kakhulu ekwindla nasebusika, singazifumana nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi ntsholongwane zimbini, iCoronavirus kunye ne-RSV, ukufana kwazo kunye nokwahluka kwazo, kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo kuzo.
Zithini iCoronavirus kunye neRSV?
Ngamafutshane, ezi zombini ziintlobo zeentsholongwane ezichaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla, oko kukuthi, iindawo ezifana nempumlo, umphimbo, kunye nemiphunga.
ICoronavirus ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela leentsholongwane. Iintsholongwane kweli qela zikhe zosulela abantu ngaphambili. Isifo se-COVID-19 esisaziyo sonke sibangelwa lilungu lamva nje losapho lwe-coronavirus, intsholongwane `(SARS-CoV-2)`. Nangona inokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, abanye abantu banokuba nayo. Abanye abantu banokosulelwa kwaye bangabonakalisi zimpawu. Abanye abantu abafumana i-COVID-19 banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi- "Long COVID" . Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ezahlukeneyo (ezifana nokudinwa, ubunzima bokuphefumla) ziyaqhubeka iinyanga emva kokuba intsholongwane iphelile emzimbeni.
I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) yenye intsholongwane yokuphefumla. Ikwiqela leentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(pneumoviruses)`. Ingachaphazela nabani na walo naliphi na ubudala, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala . Enyanisweni, phantse wonke umntwana ehlabathini wosulelwa yi-RSV ubuncinane kanye ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka emibini ubudala. Nangona idla ngokuzilungisa, inokuba nzima ngakumbi kwabanye abantwana, ingakumbi iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala kunye neentsana ezingaphambi kwexesha.
Ukwahlula njani phakathi kwezi zimbini ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu?
Iimpawu zazo zombini ziyafana kakhulu, ngoko ke kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi ngokujonga nje iimpawu. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.
| Uphawu | Ixhaphakile kwi-COVID-19 | Ixhaphakile kwi-RSV |
|---|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zazo zombini | Umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, impumlo egobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, iintlungu zomzimba. | |
| Ukulahlekelwa yivumba nencasa | ✔️ Ewe, kuqhelekile. | ❌ Hayi, ayiqhelekanga ukubonwa. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla (Ukuphefumula kancinci) | Inokwenzeka nakubantu abadala. | ✔️ Ewe, ixhaphakile , ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana . Kuvakala isandi esidubulayo siphuma esifubeni. |
| Ukuzingela iingwenya | Kusenokubakho. | ✔️ Ewe, inokubonwa rhoqo. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla/ukucaphuka kwabantwana | Kusenokubakho. | ✔️ Ewe, kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci babe nomsindo baze bangavumi ukutya. |
Iingcali zabantwana ngokukodwa zithi xa kukho i-RSV, ingakumbi kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci, ukukhohlela nokuphefumla kuxhaphake kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, amanqanaba eoksijini anokwehla kwaye oko kufuneka kunyangwe.
Ukuba usulelo lwe-RSV luba nzima, lunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana ne-'Bronchiolitis' (ukudumba kweendlela zomoya ezincinci emiphungeni) kunye ne-'Pneumonia' (usulelo lwemiphunga/i-pneumonia).
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona zombini ezi ntsholongwane zinokuchaphazela nabani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu.
Abo basengozini enkulu ye-COVID-19:
- Abantu abadala
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz. izigulana ezinomhlaza, abo bafumana ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba)
- Abantu abanezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, nesifo semiphunga
Abo basengozini enkulu ye-RSV baquka:
- Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala
- Iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala abanezifo zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga zokuzalwa
- Abantwana ababuthathaka kwimpilo yabo
- Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, ingakumbi abo banesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga
Uyazi njani ukuba siyintoni kanye kanye esi sifo?
Usenokuba uzibuza, "Ngoko ke wazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo?" Enyanisweni, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo kukuvavanywa.
Ngoku kukho uvavanyo lwasekhaya lwe-COVID-19. Ukongeza, kukho uvavanyo oluthile olunokufumanisa zonke ezintathu—i-COVID, i-RSV, kunye ne-Influenza (umkhuhlane)—kuvavanyo olunye.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uvavanywe xa uneempawu, ingakumbi ukuba unosana, umntu omdala, okanye umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka ekhayeni lakho. Emva koko singabakhusela.
Xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amamele imiphunga yakho, aze enze olu vavanyo lulandelayo, ukuba kuyimfuneko:
- Iswabhu yempumlo okanye yomphimbo
- Uvavanyo lwegazi
- I-X-reyi yesifuba
- Uvavanyo olulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini (i-Pulse oximetry)
Iphathwa kwaye ilawulwa njani?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, zombini i-COVID kunye ne-RSV zinyangwa ngokulawula iimpawu kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "lunyango oluxhasayo."
- Ukuphumla: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo.
- Ulwelo: Sela amanzi amaninzi, ipapa, kunye nejusi yeziqhamo ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale unamanzi.
- Ngomkhuhlane neentlungu: Ungathatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana neparacetamol njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
- Kwimpumlo evalekileyo: Amaconsi etyuwa angafakwa empumlweni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo:
Kwi-COVID-19, kukho amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anokunikwa kwiintsuku zokuqala zeempawu. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza kufuneka athathwe kuphela emva kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Okwangoku akukho mayeza avunyiweyo okulwa ne-RSV.
Khumbula, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi kwiintsholongwane ezifana nale. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anikwa kuphela kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba isifo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane sibangela isifo sesibini esibangelwa ziintsholongwane emiphungeni, ugqirha unokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Ungazikhusela njani kwezi zifo?
Bathi, “Kungcono ukuthintela ukugula kunokuba uhlaselwe kuko.” Ngoko ke makhe sibone indlela yokuzikhusela kwezi zifo.
1. Ukugonywa: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukufumana isitofu esivunyiweyo se-COVID-19 kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singabi mandundu. Ngoku kukho nesitofu se-RSV. Oku kucetyiswa ngakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Xa umama efumana esi sitofu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana ukhuselwa nakwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala.
2. Unyango lwe-Antibody: Kukho isitofu esikhethekileyo se-antibody esinikwa iintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci abasemngciphekweni ukuze sibakhusele kwi-RSV. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ukuze ufunde okungakumbi.
3. Ucoceko:
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
- Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala xa kungekho sepha namanzi.
- Yeka ukuchukumisa umlomo, impumlo, namehlo ngezandla zakho.
- Xelela wonke umntu endlwini ukuba asebenzise ingqiniba yakhe xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla, ukuba abanayo i-tissue.
- Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo (izibambo zomnyango, iikhawuntara, izinto zokudlala) ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza?
Nangona ezi meko zihlala ziphela ngokwazo, kwezinye iimeko imeko inokuba mandundu. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo elikufutshane (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso - yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko! | |
|---|---|
Nabani na oneminyaka engakanani na ubudala:
| Ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci neentsana:
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Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-COVID-19 kunye ne-RSV ziintsholongwane ezimbini ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla. Ekubeni iimpawu zifana, uvavanyo luyimfuneko ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Intsholongwane ye-RSV inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantu abadala.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwezi zifo kukugonywa. Ngoku kukho imijovo ye-COVID kunye ne-RSV. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Musa ukuthatha naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nemilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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