Ingaba umntwana wakho ujika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ingaba sisifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic? Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba imilebe, ulwimi, kunye neminwe yomntwana wakho ngamanye amaxesha ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Okanye uziva ngathi kunzima ukuphefumla okanye ulahlekelwa zingqondo ngokukhawuleza? Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa yingxaki encinci yentliziyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngengxaki yentliziyo ekhoyo xa ezalwa. Oogqirha babiza esi sifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) . Ngamafutshane, yimeko yentliziyo eyenza umzimba ujike ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngoko ke, yintoni esi sifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic heart disease?

Ngamafutshane, "isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso" sibhekisa kwinto enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezingaqhelekanga, okanye iziphene, zentliziyo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi:

1. Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yiCyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD): Esi sisifo apho intliziyo ingakwaziyo ukuthwala ioksijini eyaneleyo emzimbeni wonke. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kubizwa ngokuba sisifo sentliziyo esibalulekileyo . Xa umntwana ezalwa enale meko, ulusu lwakhe lunokubonakala luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiCyanosis . Lo mbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubangelwa kukungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo emzimbeni.

2. Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso esibizwa ngokuba yi-Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Kolu hlobo lwesiphene sentliziyo, umlinganiselo weoksijini ofikelela kumzimba wonke awuchaphazeleki kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana akajiki abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Namhlanje sithetha kakhulu ngohlobo lokuqala, oluyi-cyanotic heart disease (CCHD).

Esi sifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic siwuchaphazela njani umzimba?

Uyazi, imizimba yethu ifuna ioksijini ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Njengokuba imoto ifuna ipetroli ukuze isebenze. Kwisifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-cyanotic, umzimba awufumani ioksijini oyidingayo. Ezi ngxaki zesakhiwo, okanye iziphene, entliziyweni zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zibangele nokufa.

Cinga nje, igazi lethu lithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu yonke. Intliziyo ipompa eli gazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngoku, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba igazi elingenaoksijini lingena emzimbeni ngenxa yengxaki yentliziyo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kweli tyala.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-8 okanye i-9 kwi-1,000 yokuzalwa okuphilayo inesifo sentliziyo. Kulaba , malunga ne-25%, okanye malunga nekota, banesi sifo (CCHD) . Ngoko ke, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele.

Zeziphi iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka nge-`CCHD`?

Isifo sentliziyo iCyanotic sinokwahlulwa sibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Nangona la ngamagama athile ezonyango, ndiza kuwachaza ngokulula.

1. Izilonda ezithintela intliziyo yasekhohlo (Izilonda ezithintela intliziyo yasekhohlo)

Ezi ziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa zinciphisa umlinganiselo wegazi eliphuma entliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke (okuthiwa 'yi-systemic blood flow'). Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya:

• I-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS):Kulapho icala lasekhohlo lentliziyo lingaphuhli kakuhle. Khawuthelekelele ukuba icala lasekhohlo lentliziyo, eyona ndawo iphambili epompa igazi emzimbeni, lincinci kakhulu. Emva koko alikwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni.
• I-Aortic Arch ephazamisekileyo: Kulapho i-aorta, umthambo wegazi oyintloko othwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni, ingaphelelanga. Ifana nombhobho wamanzi oqhekekayo embindini.

2. Izilonda ezithintela intliziyo yasekunene

Esi siphene sentliziyo esizalwa naso sinciphisa umlinganiselo wegazi eliphuma entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni (okuthiwa yi-'pulmonary flow'). Igazi liya emiphungeni ukuze lifumane ioksijini. Ngoko ke, ukuyinciphisa yingxaki. Imizekelo yoku:

• I-Pulmonary Atresia (PA): Ivalvu yemiphunga, ethwala igazi ukusuka kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo ukuya emiphungeni, ifana nocango. Kule meko, ivalvu ayikheki kakuhle okanye ivalekile.
• I-Tricuspid Atresia: Ivalvu ye-tricuspid yivalvu ephakathi kwamagumbi amabini (i-atrium kunye ne-ventricle) kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo. Kule meko, ivalvu ayisebenzi kakuhle. I-flap enkulu yezicubu ithintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukusuka kwi-atrium yasekunene ukuya kwi-ventricle yasekunene.
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso (CCHD). Sibonakaliswa bubukho beziphene ezine zentliziyo.

3. Ukuxuba izilonda

Olu luhlobo lwesithathu lwe-``(CCHD)``. Olu buthathaka bentliziyo lubangela ukuba igazi liye emiphungeni (igazi elineoksijini ephantsi) kunye negazi eliya emzimbeni (igazi elineoksijini ephezulu) lidibane. Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya:

• Ukutshintshwa kweMithambo Emikhulu (TGA): Kule meko, imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ephuma entliziyweni (umthambo oyintloko wemiphunga kunye ne-aorta) iyatshintshwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi alihambi apho lifanele ukuba lihambe khona. Le yimeko yesibini eqhelekileyo emva kwe-CCHD.
• Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi engapheliyo (i-TAPVR): Kumntwana one-TAPVR, igazi elineoksijini eninzi elivela emiphungeni alihambi liye kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo njengoko kufanele. Endaweni yoko, igazi lihamba liye kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo.
• I-Truncus Arteriosus: Kule meko, kukho umthambo wegazi omnye kuphela endaweni yemithambo yegazi emibini eyahlukeneyo ethwala igazi emzimbeni nasemaphaphu.

Nangona ezi zisenokuvakala zinzima kancinci, oogqirha bayazazi kwaye bayazinyanga. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba usenokuba nale meko.

Zithini izizathu zesifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-cyanotic congenital?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-CCHD, kodwa ezinye iimeko zidibene noku:

• Iichromosomes ezingaqhelekanga.
• Imfuza.
• Ezinye zeengxaki zempilo umama anokuba nazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Umzekelo, isifo seswekile, i-phenylketonuria (isifo segazi), ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye usulelo lwentsholongwane.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'CCHD'?

Iimpawu ze-CCHD zihlala zibonakala kwiiveki zokuqala zobomi , kodwa zisenokungabonakali de kube ngumntwana. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye olumfusa (iCyanosis): ingakumbi imilebe, ulwimi, kunye neminwe.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (iTachypnea).
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia).
• Ukudumba kwepulmonary.
• Isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (Intliziyo ikhala): Esi sandi sivakala xa ugqirha emamele nge-stethoscope.
• Ukungaphumli rhoqo okanye ukulala kakhulu, ukungabi namdla `(Ukucaphuka okanye ukudinwa)`.
• Ukuncipha kwamanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni.
• Ukwanda kobunzima kwenzeka kancinci.
• Ukubila okanye ukukhala xa uncancisa.
• Abantwana abadala banokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okubuthathaka.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .

Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic sifunyanwa njani?

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-CCHD inokubonwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe . Ukuba iskeni eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa (i-ultrasound ye-fetal) ibonisa ingxaki entliziyweni yomntwana, ugqirha unokuyalela i -echocardiogram ye-fetal . Oku kuquka ukudlulisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esiswini sikamama okanye kwisini ukuze kuthathwe imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo yomntwana.

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, inyathelo lokuqala lokufumanisa i-CCHD kukujonga i-pulse oximetry . Olu luvavanyo olulula, olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa iisensors ukulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni. Olu lolunye lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo olwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana akhululwe esibhedlele.

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Le ithatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi kwesifuba ukujonga iingxaki zesakhiwo. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana unengxaki yentliziyo okanye yemiphunga.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Hyperoxia (umngeni we-oksijini): Olu vavanyo lunceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ukuba umntwana unengxaki ye-CCHD okanye yemiphunga. Inqanaba le-oksijini egazini lomntwana lilinganiswa ngelixa ephefumla umoya oqhelekileyo wegumbi, aze aphinde ahlolwe emva kwemizuzu eli-10 ye-oksijini eyi-100%.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG okanye i-ECG): Le yindlela yokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Olu luvavanyo olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ukuthatha imifanekiso yeevalvu kunye namagumbi entliziyo.

Iphathwa njani i-CCHD?

Iintsana ezininzi ezine-CCHD zifuna unyango ukuze ziphile. Oku kuquka:

• Unyango lweoksijini: Lunika ioksijini engaphezulu kunaleyo ifumaneka kumoya oqhelekileyo wegumbi.
• I-Prostaglandin E1: Oku kukhulula izihlunu ezithambileyo zentliziyo kwaye kuvula i-ductus arteriosus (umthambo wegazi okhethekileyo). Oku kunceda ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Utyando: Utyando lwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe iziphene entliziyweni okanye kutshintshwe indlela igazi elihamba ngayo.

Oogqirha bagqiba ngolu hlobo lonyango ngokusekwe kwimeko yomntwana kunye nohlobo lwesiphene sentliziyo.

Ngaba i-CCHD ingathintelwa?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic, ngoko ke akukho ndlela ziqinisekisiweyo zokusithintela. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba umama ahlale esempilweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa, alawule iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile, kwaye ahlale kude neziyobisi.

Liyintoni ikamva leentsana ezinesifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic?

Iintsana ezinesifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic zifuna utyando ukuze ziphile. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokufa liphezulu kancinci. Malunga nama-75% eentsana ezine-CCHD ziphila unyaka omnye, kwaye malunga nama-69% ziphila iminyaka eli-18 .

Ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini emzimbeni kunye neziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa, abantwana abane-CCHD banokuba semngciphekweni we:

• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia).
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo.
• Ukuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso.
• Istroke.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngozi zinokulawulwa kakhulu ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokulandelelana .

Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka uzazi xa unesifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanotic?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-CCHD, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Fumana zonke iigonyo zakho: Oku kunokukunceda ukukhusele kwezinye izifo.
• Yiya rhoqo uyokuhlolwa kwaye ulandelelwe njengoko kucetyisiwe yingcali yentliziyo yakho.
• Zikhusele kwizifo ezifana neRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Zigcine ucoceko oluhle kwaye uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo.
• Thatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo ngaphambi kotyando lwamazinyo (oku kufuneka kwenziwe njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele).

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi naloyiko okanye ukuxhalaba, kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo. Amayeza anamhlanje anonyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwiimeko ezinjalo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yiCyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) sisifo apho ulusu lomntwana lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso esinciphisa ubuninzi beoksijini ejikeleza emzimbeni wonke.

• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba. Ukuba umntwana wakho ujika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ulahlekelwa zingqondo ngokukhawuleza, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Kukho iimvavanyo ezinokubona le meko ngaphambi okanye kwangoko emva kokuzalwa .
• Iintsana ezininzi ezine-CCHD zifuna unyango lwe-oksijini kunye notyando ukuze ziphile.
• Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lwezonyango oluhlala ixesha elide, aba bantwana banethuba lokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Awuwedwa. Njengomzali, usenokuba unengxaki ngokweemvakalelo xa ujongene nemeko efana nale. Funa uncedo koogqirha, kusapho, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwiinkonzo zokunika iingcebiso.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ndikunqwenelela umntwana wakho ukuba aphile ngokukhawuleza!

Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yiCyanotic , iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo, i-CCHD, i-baby blues, utyando lwentliziyo, ukunqongophala kweoksijini, isifo sentliziyo sabantwana