Umele ukuba uvile nge-Ebola kumabonwakude nakwiindaba, akunjalo? Xa sisiva elo gama, umfanekiso wesifo esoyikekayo nesibi ufika engqondweni yethu. Nangona sisasazeke kumazwe aseAfrika, kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke, naphi na emhlabeni, ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko malunga nezifo eziyingozi kangaka. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangokucacileyo ngesi Sifo seNtsholongwane ye-Ebola (EVD).
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Ebola?
Ngamafutshane, i-Ebola sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esiyingozi esibangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zomzimba, urhudo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukopha kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Ibangelwa liqela leentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Ebola.
Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, yonakalisa inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela kunye namalungu angaphakathi . Ekugqibeleni, amanqanaba eeseli ezinceda ukuqhekeka kwegazi (iiplatelets) abe phantsi ngendlela eyingozi. Yiyo loo nto siqala ukopha ngokungalawulekiyo.
Esi sifo saqala ukubonwa eAfrika ngo-1976. Amatyala okuqala abikwa kwilali ekufutshane noMlambo i-Ebola kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Yiyo loo nto safumana igama elithi "Ebola". Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba le ntsholongwane ihlala emizimbeni yezilwanyana ezifana neempukane zeziqhamo. Ezi zilwanyana zinokuthwala le ntsholongwane ngaphandle kokugula. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zilwanyana zinokuyisasaza kwezinye izilwanyana nakubantu.
Umntu ufumana njani i-Ebola?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyithethe kukuba i-Ebola ayisosifo sibangelwa ngumoya njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane. Awunakuyifumana emoyeni owuphefumlayo.
Esi sifo sisasazeka xa umntu edibana negazi, ulwelo, okanye amalungu esilwanyana (njengenkawu, itshimpanzi, okanye ilulwane leziqhamo) esosulelwe yile ntsholongwane. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ngokulungiselela okanye ukutya inyama yesilwanyana esosulelwe yile ntsholongwane.
Xa umntu enesifo, sinokusasazeka ukusuka kuloo mntu ukuya komnye umntu. Oku kwenzeka ngokudibana ngqo nolwelo lomzimba wesigulana. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu okhathalela isigulana, okanye umntu ongcwaba umntu ofileyo ngenxa yesi sifo, unokufumana esi sifo ukuba udibana negazi lakhe okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba. Intsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu ngamanxeba okanye amanxeba eluswini, okanye ngamehlo, impumlo, okanye emlonyeni.
| Ulwelo lomzimba kunye nokukhupha okunokukhupha intsholongwane ye-Ebola | |
|---|---|
| • Igazi | • Ukuhlanza |
| • Ukubila | • Ubisi lwebele |
| • Iinyembezi | • Amadlozi |
| • Umchamo | • Ulwelo lwesisu |
| • Indle/Isitulo | • Ulwelo lokukhulelwa |
Kubalulekile: Le ntsholongwane ingahlala emzimbeni womntu osele ephilile kwi-Ebola, ingakumbi kwimbewu kunye nobisi lwebele, kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga. Ngenxa yoko, kukho umngcipheko wokosulela ngesondo kunye nokuncancisa ixesha elithile emva kokuba ephilile.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Iimpawu ze-Ebola zifana kakhulu nezo zezifo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane. Iimpawu zinokubonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezingama-21 emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni.
| Inqanaba leempawu | Iimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zesigaba sokuqala | • Umkhuhlane ophezulu • Intloko ebuhlungu • Iintlungu zemisipha namalungu • Umqala obuhkungu • Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokudinwa • Intlungu yesisu kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya |
| Xa isifo sisiya siba sibi | • Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni • Ukopha emehlweni, ezindlebeni, nasempumlweni • Ukuhlanza igazi okanye urhudo olunegazi • Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba |
Yintoni isifo esichongwayo kunye nonyango lwaso?
Kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuba yi-Ebola ngokujonga nje iimpawu zayo. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha besenza uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba azikho ezinye izifo ezifana nemalariya okanye ikholera. Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nezicubu zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokufumanisa i-Ebola.
Ukuba umntu uqinisekisiwe ukuba une-Ebola, uyahlukaniswa ngoko nangoko nabanye abantu kwaye unyango luqala ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.
Iindlela zonyango
Akukabikho "nyango" oluqinisekileyo lwe-Ebola. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye namayeza avunyiweyo anokulawula iimpawu kwaye andise amathuba okusindisa ubomi besigulana.
- Ukhathalelo oluxhasayo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Ukubonelela umzimba ngolwelo olufunekayo kunye neetyuwa (ityuwa)
- Ukubonelela ngeoksijini
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi
- Utofelo-gazi ukuba kuyimfuneko
- Amayeza okuhlanza norhudo
- Amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu nomkhuhlane
- Amayeza Avunyiweyo: Amayeza amabini, i-Inmazeb kunye ne-Ebanga, avunyiwe ukunyanga uhlobo lwe-Zaire lwe-Ebola. La ngamayeza omzimba asetyenziswa kwi-monoclonal. Anikwa ngemithambo yegazi.
Ungazikhusela njani kwi-Ebola?
Thina eSri Lanka akufuneki sikhathazeke kakhulu ngale nto kuba ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola kubikwe ikakhulu kumazwe aseAfrika. Kodwa njengoko abantu behambahamba kwihlabathi liphela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi indlela yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezinjalo.
- Kuphephe ukudibana nolwelo lomzimba: Musa ukudibana ngqo negazi, umhlanzo, umchamo, okanye ukubila kwesigulana.
- Ziphephe izixhobo ezinentsholongwane: Musa ukuzichukumisa izinto ezifana neebhedi, impahla, kunye neenaliti ezisetyenziswe sisigulana.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha kwaye usebenzise isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
- Kuphephe ukudibana nezilwanyana: Kuphephe ukuchukumisa izilwanyana ezifana namalulwane neenkawu kwiindawo apho kukho i-Ebola.
- Ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo kubasebenzi bezempilo: Ukuba ungumsebenzi wezempilo, kufuneka unxibe iimaski, iiglavu, iiglasi, kunye neempahla zokuzikhusela ezikhethekileyo (iingubo) xa unyanga isigulana se-Ebola.
- Amanyathelo Okuzikhusela Emva Kohambo: Ukuba uye waya kwilizwe elinobhubhane lwe-Ebola, jonga iimpawu zakho kangangeentsuku ezingama-21. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye intloko ebuhlungu, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ngaba ikhona i-vaccine ye-Ebola?
Ewe, kukho imigonyo emibini enelayisenisi yokukhusela kwi-Ebola.
1. I-Ervebo:Olu lugonyo olusetyenziswa kanye kuphela. Lusetyenziswa ukulawula ukusasazeka kwesi sifo ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola.
2. IZabdeno kunye neMvabea: Olu lugonyo olunemithamo emibini. Ludla ngokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela abantu abasengozini (njengabasebenzi bezempilo) ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ubhubhane.
Ezi gonyo azinikwa uluntu ngokubanzi. Zisetyenziselwa abantu abasengozini enkulu kwiindawo apho i-Ebola ixhaphake khona.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Ebola sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esiyingozi kakhulu. Sibonakala kakhulu kumazwe aseAfrika.
- Esi sifo asisasazeki ngomoya , kodwa sisasazeka ngokudibana ngqo nolwelo lomzimba (igazi, umhlanzo, ukubila) lomntu okanye isilwanyana esisulelekileyo.
- Nangona iimpawu zokuqala zinokufana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, umzimba usenokuqala ukopha.
- Ukuzikhusela yeyona nto ilungileyo. Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo kunye nokuphepha ukudibana nabantu abanesi sifo kunye nolwelo lwabo lomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuba ukhe waya kwindawo apho i-Ebola isasazeka khona kwaye ubonakalise naziphi na iimpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
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