Ngaba uyazi imeko engaqhelekanga entliziyweni yakho: I-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Intliziyo yethu sisitho esimangalisayo ngokwenene, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yotshintsho oluthile oluvela ekuzalweni, kunokubakho iingxaki ezincinci ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga esingenabantu abaninzi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Ebstein's Anomaly. Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.

Ngoko ke yintoni i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Ngamafutshane, i-Ebstein's Anomaly yimeko yentliziyo ebakho xa umntu ezalwa . Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"congenital," oko kuthetha ukuba ikhona xa umntu ezalwa. I-"anomaly" ithetha into engaqhelekanga okanye engalindelekanga. Kule meko , ivalvu ye-tricuspid, enye yeevalvu ezine entliziyweni yethu, ichaphazeleka kakhulu.

Cinga ngayo, kukho izinto ezifana neengcango phakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo yethu ezinceda igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye kuphela. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ziivalvu. Ivalvu ye-tricuspid yenye yazo. Le meko yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1866 ngugqirha waseJamani ogama linguWilhelm Ebstein. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngegama lakhe.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwivalvu ye-tricuspid kwi-Ebstein anomaly?

Zimbini iinguqulelo eziphambili ezinokubonwa kwivalvu ye-tricuspid yomntu onesi sifo:

1. Ivalvu ayakhekanga kakuhle (ayinazo iimpawu): Amaphetshana, iiflephu ezivulekayo nezivalayo ngokubetha kwentliziyo nganye, azimile ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokunamathela eludongeni lwentliziyo.

2. Indawo yevalvu yahlukile: Le valve isezantsi kunokuba kufanele ukuba injalo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ezi ngxaki zibangela ukuba ivalvu ingavaleki kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi liphinde livuzele kwi-atrium ephezulu ngasekunene. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi yi-regurgitation. Njengoko igazi liqhubeka libuyela umva, i-atrium yasekunene iyanda kancinci kancinci. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, icala lasekunene lentliziyo linokuba buthathaka kwaye likhokelele ekusileleni kwentliziyo . Oku akusiso isifo sentliziyo, kodwa kubangelwa kukungakwazi kwentliziyo ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Abantu abaninzi abane-Ebstein's Anomaly banezinye iingxaki zentliziyo. Malunga nama-94 ekhulwini abantu abane-Ebstein's Anomaly banomngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo (i-atria). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) okanye i-Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO).

Kwakhona, ezinye iziphene zinokubonakala kwezinye iivalvu zentliziyo kunye namagumbi asekhohlo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Ichaphazela malunga nenye kwiintsana ezingamakhulu amabini amawaka ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Phakathi kwezifo zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo, ibonwa ngaphantsi kwe-1%.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Iimpawu zale meko zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwenzulu kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhubazeka kwevalvu.

Ukuba imeko inzima, iimpawu zihlala zibonakala ekuzalweni okanye kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi . Kwiintsana ezincinci, ngamanye amaxesha:

• Ulusu lunokutshintsha lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokunqongophala komoya-mpilo egazini (i-cyanosis) .
• Iimpawu zokuqala zokusilela kwentliziyo zingabandakanya:
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukwanda kobunzima yinto eqhelekileyo.
• Ukudumba (ukudumba) emilenzeni, esiswini, okanye kufutshane namehlo.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa luqhubeka lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye lunengxaki yokuphefumla, oogqirha baya kuyikrokrela imeko enjalo.

Ukuba imeko incinci, usenokungabi nazimpawu konke konke, okanye iimpawu zingabonakala xa umntu emdala. Xa iimpawu zibonakala kubantu abadala, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukutshintsha kombala wesikhumba (ingakumbi imilebe kunye neenzipho).
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (arrhythmia).
• Ukuba kukho ukusilela kwentliziyo:
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ingakumbi xa usenza umthambo.
• Ukudumba kwemilenze okanye isisu.

Yintoni ebangela i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Inyaniso kukuba, oogqirha abakakwazi ukucacisa ukuba kutheni le meko yenzeka . Kukholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto zemfuza (oko kukuthi, ezizuzwe njengelifa) kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo. Kodwa ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto azikaqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko? (Ukuxilongwa)

Xa ubona ugqirha, baza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho baze bajonge izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Banokwenza novavanyo oluthile ukuze babone ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, olufana nolu:

• Umfanekiso wentliziyo:
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kunokujonga ukuba intliziyo ikhulisiwe na.
• I-Cardiac MRI: Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe velufayo kunye namagumbi entliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Oku kufana ne-ultrasound yentliziyo. Ivumela ugqirha ukuba abone imilo yeevalvu kunye namagumbi entliziyo, kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo. Ingabonisa ngokucacileyo ukungaqheleki kweevalvu kwi-Ebstein anomaly.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Le ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Iyakwazi ukubona naziphi na iintliziyo ezibetha ngokungangqalanga (arrhythmias).
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca:Kule meko, uza kufakwa kwi-treadmill okanye ibhayisekile kwaye kuza kuthathwa i-ECG. Oku kwenzelwa ukubona indlela intliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo xa uxinezelekile.
• Isixhobo sokubona ukubetha kwentliziyo iHolter: Esi sisixhobo esincinci osinxiba iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. Ngeli xesha, sirekhoda ukubetha kwentliziyo nganye. Oku kunokunika ugqirha wakho umbono olungileyo wendlela isantya sentliziyo yakho kunye nesingqisho esitshintsha ngayo imini yonke.

Iphathwa njani i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani.

• Ukuba iimpawu azincinci okanye azikho: Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga intliziyo yakho rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba kukho utshintsho na. Usenokungaludingi unyango.
• Ukuba uneempawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (i-arrhythmia):
• Amayeza anokunikwa ukulawula ezo meko.
• Ukuba unentliziyo ekhulisiweyo okanye imbali yentliziyo engaqhelekanga, ungacelwa ukuba unciphise imisebenzi yomzimba . Ufanele ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

• Ukuba iimpawu zinzima: Utyando lwe-tricuspid valve lolona khetho lungcono. Oku kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-valve kwixesha elide.
• Ukuzama ukuyilungisa usebenzisa ityhubhu yakho yevalvu lolona nyango lufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba umonakalo unzima kakhulu ukuba ungalungiswa, ivalvu inokufuneka itshintshwe . Oku kungenziwa ngevalvu yomatshini okanye ivalvu yezicubu zebhayoloji. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ivalvu yomatshini ifakiwe, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa igazi ubomi bakho bonke.

Ngamanye amaxesha olunye utyando lwentliziyo lunokwenziwa ngaxeshanye notyando lwevalvu ye-tricuspid. Umzekelo, ukuvala umngxuma ophakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu entliziyo (ukulungiswa kwe-ASD) okanye ukunyanga ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (unyango lwe-arrhythmia). Unyango lokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga luquka ukutsalwa kwe-catheter okanye ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker.

Kunqabile kakhulu, ukufakelwa intliziyo kunokufuneka ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli.

Ngaba i-Ebstein's Anomaly ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bengazi kakuhle ukuba le meko yenzeka njani, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuyithintela .

Ubomi buza kuqhubeka njani nale meko? (Imbono)

Imbono yabantu abane-Ebstein's Anomaly iyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu.Abanye abantwana abasindi kule meko. Nangona kunjalo, abanye baphila ubomi obude, obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle konyango. Ngokubanzi, imeko ingcono kwabo baneemeko ezibuthathaka zale meko.

Nokuba emva kotyando, ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo zisenokuqhubeka. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ixesha lokuphila linokuncipha kancinci emva kotyando. Olunye uphando (olujonge abantu abatyandwe phakathi kowe-1972 nowe-2006) lubonise ukuba kwiminyaka engama-20 emva kotyando, ama-65% abantu aye alaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo ubuncinane kanye, kwaye ama-76% ayesaphila.

Kodwa oku kubalulekile: Ngenxa yeendlela zotyando eziphucukileyo kunye nonyango lokulandelela olufumanekayo namhlanje, iziphumo zabo benza utyando namhlanje zinokuba ngcono kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba une-Ebstein's Anomaly, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha . Qaphela ezi zinto:

• Ukuba ulusu luba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngakumbi.
• Ukuba uziva ngathi umzimba wakho uphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ukuba uziva ngathi umzimba wakho uzaliswa ngamanzi (ukudumba).
• Ukuba ukubetha kwentliziyo kuyakhawuleza.

Umyalezo obalulekileyo onokuwuthatha ekhaya

I-Ebstein's Anomaly yimeko yentliziyo engaqhelekanga, ezalwa nayo. Iziphumo zale meko zahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Ukuba ifunyenwe isesebancinci, le meko idla ngokuba ncinci. Abo basindayo baze babe ngabantu abadala badla ngokuba nohlobo oluncinci lwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba neengxaki ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekiyo (arrhythmia) kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kunokufuneka utyando ukulungisa okanye ukutshintsha ivalvu ye-tricuspid, kunye nokunyanga ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo ezinxulumene noko.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukujonga rhoqo ukuze ubone naluphi na utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo yakho kwaye ufumane unyango olusebenzayo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha bakhona ukukunceda.

I- Ebstein's Anomaly, Isifo sentliziyo, i-Tricuspid Valve, Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo, Ukusilela kwentliziyo, Utyando lwentliziyo, Iimpawu