Yintoni le 'epithelium' efumaneka kuyo yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ulusu lwethu lusikhusela njani? Okanye sifunxa njani izondlo ekutyeni esikutyayo, okanye sigcina njani izinto ezinje ngothuli zingangeni emizimbeni yethu xa siphefumla? Le tissue ikhethekileyo esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje inxulumene nazo zonke ezi zinto. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-epithelium . Usenokuba ulivile eli lizwi kugqirha. Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni, ikuphi emzimbeni, kwaye yenza ntoni.

Yintoni i-Epithelium? Ngamafutshane...

I-epithelium luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwezicubu emzimbeni wethu . Cinga ngayo, igubungela phantse yonke indawo engaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wethu, ijikeleze ingaphakathi leemingxuma kunye nezitho ezingenanto, kwaye ikwayiyo eyona zicubu ziphambili kwiindlala zethu.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, yintoni eyenziwa yile tissue ye-epithelial emzimbeni wethu? Enyanisweni, inemisebenzi emininzi ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo . Eyona iphambili kukukhusela, ukukhupha izinto ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokufunxa izinto eziyimfuneko .

Mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zezicubu emzimbeni wethu:

• Izicubu ze-epithelial
• Izicubu ezinxibelelanayo
• Izicubu zemisipha
• Izicubu zemithambo-luvo

Kwezi, izicubu ze-epithelial zibaluleke kakhulu. Kuba ukuba into ethile kufuneka ingene okanye iphume kwizitho zethu zomzimba, kufuneka iqale idlule kwezi zicubu ze-epithelial .

Ungacinga ukuba zingaphi iindawo ezifumanekayo emzimbeni wethu ezi zicubu ze-epithelial. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Umaleko ongaphandle wolusu lwakho (i-epidermis)
• Ulwelo olungaphakathi kwamathumbu akho
• Ulwelo olungaphakathi kwimigudu yakho yomoya
• Ulwelo olungaphakathi kwisisu sakho
• Iindlala zakho zokubila

Izicubu ze-epithelial zikho kuyo yonke indawo.

Ngoko ke, zithini iiseli ze-epithelial?

Kulula kakhulu. Izicubu ze-epithelial zenziwe ziiseli ze-epithelial . Ezi seli zinokuba neemilo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zinokuhlelwa kumgangatho omnye okanye zibe ziileya ezininzi. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni iiseli ziphi emzimbeni kunye nomsebenzi eziwenzayo.

Kwibhayoloji, iseli yeyona nto incinci ebomini ekwaziyo ukusinda yodwa. Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngeetriliyoni zezi seli. Iseli ngokubanzi inamacandelo amathathu aphambili:

• I-membrane yeseli: Le sisigqubuthelo esijikeleze iseli. Silawula oko kungena nokuphuma kwiseli.
• I-Nucleus: Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yeseli. Iqulethe uninzi lolwazi lwemfuza yeseli, okanye i-DNA .
• I-Cytoplasm:Le yinxalenye engamanzi ngaphakathi kwiseli. Iqulethe ezinye iindawo zeseli, izakhiwo ezincinci ezenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Ezinye iintlobo zeeseli, ingakumbi iiseli ze-epithelial, zinezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo kumphezulu wazo ezizincedayo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yazo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• I-Microvilli: Ezi zifana neminwe emincinci ephuma kumphezulu weeseli. Kodwa azishukumi. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukwandisa indawo engaphezulu yeseli. Oku kuvumela iseli ukuba ifunxe izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, iiseli ze-epithelial emathunjini akho amancinci zinamawaka ezi microvilli . Ezi zezona zikunceda ukufunxa izondlo ekutyeni okutyayo, kwaye zikwanceda ekukhuseleni umzimba wakho kwiibhaktheriya emathunjini akho.
• I-Cilia: Ezi zizakhiwo ezintle kakhulu, ezifana neenwele, nezishukumayo. Zifumaneka kumphezulu weeseli. Zingashukumisa iseli yonke, okanye zishukumise izinto kumphezulu wangaphandle weseli. Iseli ene-cilia idla ngokuba namakhulu e-cilia. Cinga ngayo, iiseli ze-epithelial kwindlela yakho yokuphefumla zinezi cilia . Xa uphefumla uthuli kunye nezinye iisuntswana, zibanjwa kwezi cilia, zizihambisa ziye emakhaleni, zikhusela ekungeneni emiphungeni. Omnye umzekelo ziiseli ze-epithelial kwiityhubhu zeFallopian zabasetyhini. Ezi zinceda ukuhambisa iqanda ukusuka kwi-ovary ukuya kwisibeleko.
• I-Stereocilia: Ezi ngokwenene luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-microvilli. Kodwa zifana ne-cilia. Zikwayi-projections ukusuka kumphezulu weeseli ezithile ze-epithelial. Ezi stereocilia zibalulekile ekuveni nasekulinganiseni kwizicubu ze-epithelial zendlebe yakho yangaphakathi .

Ziziphi iintlobo zeeseli ze-epithelial ezikhoyo?

Ngenxa yokuba izicubu ze-epithelial zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-epithelial, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zikuphi. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

Iintlobo zeeseli ze-epithelial ngokwemilo

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli ngokusekelwe kwimilo yazo:

• I-Squamous epithelium: Ezi seli zithe tyaba, njengegqabi.
• I-epithelium ye-Cuboidal: Ezi seli zinemilo ye-cuboidal, oko kuthetha ukuba zilingana ngobude, ububanzi, kunye nobunzulu.
• I-epithelium yekholamu: Ezi seli zimile okwepilari, oko kuthetha ukuba zinde kunokuba zibanzi.

Iindidi ezisekelwe kwindlela iiseli ezicwangciswe ngayo

Izicubu ze-epithelial nazo zahlukile kwindlela ezihlelwe ngayo iiseli:

• Elula: I-simple epithelium yileyo inomaleko omnye weeseli .
• I-Stratified: I-epithelium e-stratified yenziwe ngamaleko angaphezu kwesinye seeseli .
• I-Pseudostratified:Le ikhethekile kancinci. Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​kwaye ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kubonakala ngathi zininzi iileya. Kodwa eneneni kukho ileya enye yeeseli .

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli ze-epithelial emzimbeni wakho?

Ngoku, ngokuhlanganisa imo esixoxe ngayo ngasentla kunye nendlela ezicwangciswe ngayo iileya zeseli, singakwazi ukuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu ze-epithelial. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-epithelium elula ye-squamous: Olu hlobo ludla ngokufaka imithambo yegazi kunye nemingxuma yomzimba kwaye lulawula ukudlula kwezinto eziya kwizicubu ezingaphantsi.
• I-epithelium elula ye-cuboidal: Ezi zihlala zifumaneka kwizicubu ze-glandular (ezivelisa ukukhupha ulwelo) kunye neetyhubhu zezintso.
• I-epithelium elula ye-columnar: Ezi zihlala zilungiselelwe ukufunxwa. Ezi seli zihlala zine-cilia okanye i-microvilli kumphezulu wazo. Ezi seli zijikeleze isisu sakho namathumbu.
• I-stratified squamous epithelium: Olu hlobo lwezicubu ludla ngokuba nemisebenzi yokukhusela. Umzekelo, ukukhusela izicubu ezingaphantsi kwi-microorganisms okanye umonakalo wamanzi. Umaleko ongaphandle wesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis) wenziwe ngala maseli e-stratified squamous epithelial.
• I-Stratified cuboidal epithelium: Olu hlobo aluxhaphakanga kakhulu. Lunokufumaneka kwimibhobho yokukhupha amathe kunye neendlala zokubila.
• I-Stratified columnar epithelium: Oku nako akuqhelekanga kangako. Kufumaneka kwi-mucous membrane (conjunctiva) egqume iinkophe zakho. Ikhusela kwaye ikhupha i-mucus.
• I-Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Olu hlobo lujikeleza indlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu. Ihlala ine-cilia eninzi.

Iiseli ze-Epithelial ezinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo

Kukho iiseli ze-epithelial ezinokwahlulwa ngokwemisebenzi yazo ethile.

• I-epithelium yenguqu: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-urothelium . Yenziwe ziingqimba ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. Into ekhethekileyo ngale nto kukuba xa zoluliwe, ezi seli ziyathamba. Zijikeleza uninzi lwendlela yakho yomchamo . Ikwayizicubu ezivumela isinyi sakho ukuba sande.
• I-epithelium ye-Glandular:Olu hlobo lwe-epithelium lukhethekile ukuvelisa nokukhupha izinto (ukukhupha) izinto. Ezi zifumaneka kumadlala akho. Ii-glands zizitho ezikhethekileyo ezinokwenza, ukugcina, kunye/okanye ukukhupha izinto ezifana neehomoni, iiproteni, kunye namanzi.
• I-Olfactory epithelium: Le ikwindawo yakho ngaphakathi kwimpumlo. Iqulethe ii-olfactory receptor cells . Ezi seli zinezakhiwo ezinde, ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cilia. Xa uphefumla, ii-olfactory molecules zibanjwa kwi-cilia njengoko zidlula kulo mphezulu we-epithelial. Ulwazi malunga nezo molekyuli luhamba ukusuka kwii-receptors ukuya kwi-olfactory bulb engqondweni yakho. Kulapho ingqondo yakho itolika khona ukuba yintoni elo vumba.

Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwizicubu ze-epithelial? (Imisebenzi)

Ngoku ungabona indlela ezibaluleke ngayo izicwili ze-epithelial emizimbeni yethu. Zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ebomini bethu. Ekubeni iiseli ze-epithelial zifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba, umsebenzi wazo kunye nenjongo yazo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ezikuyo.

Izicubu ze-Epithelial zenza umsebenzi omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukhuseleko: Izicubu ze-epithelial zikhusela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba wethu. Umzekelo, ulusu lwakho lwenziwe ngezicubu ze-epithelial . Zikhusela izicubu, imithambo yegazi, izihlunu, kunye namalungu angaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ngokufanayo, i-cilia kwiiseli ze-epithelial ezigqume amathumbu akho ikhusela wonke umzimba wakho kwiintsholongwane ezisemathunjini.
• Ukukhupha: Izicubu ze-epithelial kwi-glandular epithelium yakho zinokukhupha ii-enzymes, ii-hormones, kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma emzimbeni.
• Ukufunxa: Izicubu ze-epithelial ezikwizitho zakho zangaphakathi, njengesibindi sakho kunye nemiphunga, zinokufunxa ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, ulwelo lwe-epithelial ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho lufunxa izondlo ekutyeni okutyayo .
• Ukukhupha: Ukukhupha yinkqubo yokukhupha inkunkuma emzimbeni. Izicubu ze-epithelial ezikwizintso zakho zikhupha inkunkuma . Kwaye izicubu ze-epithelial ezikwi-birth glands zakho zikhupha umbilo.
• Ukuhluza: I-epithelium ekwindlela yakho yokuphefumla ihlambulula umoya owuphefumlayo ngokucoca uthuli kunye namasuntswana okungcola . Ngokufanayo, izicubu ze-epithelial ezintso zakho zihluza igazi lakho.
• Ukusasazwa: Kwibhayoloji, ukusasazwa kukuhamba kweemolekyuli okanye amasuntswana ukusuka kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi. I-membrane elula eyenziwe ngeeseli ze-epithelial inokuvumela kuphela izinto ezikhethiweyo ukuba zidlule kuyo. Le nkqubo yokusasazwa inceda kwimisebenzi efana nokucoca, ukufunxa, kunye nokukhupha.
• Ukwamkelwa kweemvakalelo:Imizimba yethu ifumana ulwazi lweemvakalelo ezivela kwihlabathi langaphandle ngenxa yeziphelo zemithambo-luvo ezifakwe kwizicubu ze-epithelial. Umzekelo, i-stereocilia kumphezulu wezicubu ze-epithelial endlebeni yakho ibalulekile ekuveni nasekulinganiseni . Ngokufanayo, iincasa zolwimi lwakho zifakwe kwi-epithelium ye-squamous edibeneyo yolwimi lwakho.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela izicubu ze-epithelial?

Eyona ngozi inkulu ngezicubu ze-epithelial kukungenzeka kokuba nezifo zomhlaza, ingakumbi iintlobo zomhlaza ezifana ne -adenocarcinoma okanye i-papillary thyroid carcinoma .

I-Adenocarcinoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela izicubu ze-epithelial ze-glandular ezichaphazela amalungu omzimba. Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza oluvela kwizitho zomzimba. Oku kungenxa yokuba:

• Uninzi lomhlaza weprostate
• Iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza wamabele
• Malunga ne-96% yomhlaza we-colorectal
• Malunga ne-95% yomhlaza wepancreatic
• Umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci umalunga nama-40% azo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga.

I-papillary thyroid carcinoma ibangela malunga nama-80% omhlaza we-thyroid. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula kancinci. Nokuba lusasazeka kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, esi sifo sisabela kakuhle kunyango. Sinyangeka kakhulu kwaye asibulali kangako.

Ukongeza kumhlaza, ezinye iingxaki ezibandakanya izicubu ze-epithelial zinokwenzeka kwizitho ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ezinye zezona meko zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Isifo Sombefu: Isifo Sombefu sisifo apho iindlela zakho zomoya zincipha, zidumbe, kwaye mhlawumbi zivelise i-mucus egqithisileyo. Kule meko, i-epithelium ye-bronchial yeendlela zomoya iyatshintsha kwaye ibe buthathaka.
• Isifo seCeliac: Xa umntu onesifo seceliac esitya igluten (iproteni efumaneka kwiinkozo ezithile), amajoni akhe omzimba ahlasela aze onakalise i-microvilli kwiiseli ze-epithelial ezijikeleze amathumbu akhe. Oku kwenza kube nzima ngamathumbu ukufunxa izondlo ngokufanelekileyo.
• Iintlobo zeHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) 1-4: I-HPV inokubangela iintsumpa kwiiseli ze-epithelial kumaleko angaphandle kwesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis).
• I-Vertigo: I-Vertigo yimeko ebangela imvakalelo yokujikeleza. Inokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Esinye isizathu kukuqokelelana okungaqhelekanga kweeseli ze-epithelial eziqhekekileyo ngaphakathi endlebeni yakho (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cholesteatoma ). Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela i-vertigo (iingxaki zokulinganisela) kunye neengxaki zokuva.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezihlola iiseli ze-epithelial?

Ngenxa yokuba iiseli ze-epithelial zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo oluhlola iiseli ze-epithelial ukuze kubonwe ukuba zibandakanyeka na kwizifo ezithile. Kwizonyango, i-pathology kukuhlolwa kweeseli kwizicubu zomzimba okanye kwiisampuli zolwelo kwilebhu ukuze kufunyanwe isifo. Isazinzulu esihlola ezi seli sibizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist .

Eminye imizekelo yovavanyo olunxulumene nezicubu ze-epithelial:

• Iiseli ze-Epithelial kumchamo: Uvavanyo lomchamo luvavanyo olulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kumchamo wakho. Inxalenye yoko kukubalwa kweeseli ze-epithelial zomchamo. Ingcali yelabhoratri iya kujonga isampuli yomchamo wakho phantsi kwe-microscope ukubona ukuba inani leeseli ze-epithelial lingaphakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba neeseli ezimbalwa ze-epithelial kumchamo wakho. Kodwa ukuba uninzi lwazo, lunokuba luphawu losulelo, isifo sezintso, okanye esinye isifo esinzima .
• Uvavanyo lwe-Pap smear / Pap: Uvavanyo lwe-Pap luvavanyo lokujonga iiseli ze-epithelial ezingaqhelekanga kwisibeleko ezinomhlaza okanye ezinokuba ngumhlaza. Kolu vavanyo, umboneleli wezempilo uthatha isampuli yeeseli kwisibeleko aze azihlole phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo ze-biopsy: I-biopsy kukuhlolwa (ngokudla ngokwenziwa phantsi kwe-microscope) kwezicubu ezisusiweyo kwinxalenye yomzimba ukujonga iimpawu zesifo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-biopsies ezihlalutya iiseli ze-epithelial. Umzekelo, i-prostate biopsy ibandakanya ukuthatha iiseli ze-epithelial kwi-prostate ngenaliti kunye nokujonga iimpawu zomhlaza. I-biopsy yesifo se-celiac ibandakanya ukuthatha iiseli ze-epithelial kwi-lining yamathumbu amancinci nge- endoscopy kunye nokujonga umonakalo kwi-microvilli kwiiseli.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo zeCytology (Uvavanyo lweCytology / Cytopathology): I-Cytology kukuhlolwa kweeseli ezivela kwizicubu zomzimba okanye ulwelo ukuze kwenziwe uxilongo. Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-cytology ezibandakanya iiseli ze-epithelial, ezifana ne-gynecologic cytology, i-thyroid cytology, i-respiratory cytology, kunye ne-eye cytology.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-epithelium, i-endothelium, kunye ne-mesothelium?

La magama mathathu anokubhida kuba avakala ngathi afana kancinci. I-Epithelium, i-endothelium , kunye ne -mesothelium ziintlobo ezintathu zeengqimba zeeseli ze-epithelial ezijikeleza amalungu ethu angaphakathi, imingxuma yomzimba, kwaye zenze umaleko wangaphandle wolusu lwethu.

• I-epithelium idla ngokuvula imijelo evulekela ngaphandle, umzekelo indlela yakho yokuphefumla kunye nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
• I-Endothelium idla ngokugubungela yonke imijelo yangaphakathi yomzimba, umzekelo inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi (imithambo yegazi) kunye ne-cornea yeliso lakho.
• I-mesothelium igcina imingxuma emikhulu yomzimba wakho. Umzekelo, umngxuma wesisu (i-peritoneum), umngxuma wemiphunga (i-pleura), kunye nomngxuma wentliziyo (i-pericardium). I-mesothelium ikhupha ulwelo oluthambisayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-serous fluid .

I-epithelial tissue luhlobo lwe-tissue eyenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho nakwimpilo yakho. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ugqirha wakho esebenzisa igama elithi "epithelium" xa ethetha ngovavanyo oluthile okanye iintlobo zomhlaza. Kukho amagama amaninzi anzima nangaqhelekanga afana nala kwicandelo lezonyango. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngegama elisetyenziswa ngugqirha wakho, ungoyiki ukumbuza ukuba lithetha ukuthini.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba unembono elula ngale 'epithelium' sithethe ngayo namhlanje.

• I-Epithelium sisicwili esikhethekileyo esisebenza njengesigqubuthelo kwaye sifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo emizimbeni yethu. Sifumaneka kwiindawo ezifana nolusu, amathumbu, kunye nendlela yokuphefumla.
• Oku kwenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo, njengokukhusela , ukukhupha, kunye nokufunxa .
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-epithelial ngokuxhomekeke kwimo kunye nokwakheka kwazo.
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango, ingakumbi umhlaza , zinokuchaphazela esi sicwili se-epithelial, kwaye zikwanxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana ne-asthma kunye nesifo se-celiac.
• Impilo yezi seli inokubonwa ngovavanyo olwahlukeneyo (uvavanyo lomchamo, i-Pap smears, i-biopsies) .

Ukuqaphela umzimba wakho kuya kukunceda kakhulu ukuba uhlale usempilweni. Ngoko ke, yiba nomdla wokufunda okungakumbi ngezi zinto.

i- epithelium, iiseli ze-epithelial, izicubu, isigqubuthelo somzimba, amadlala, ukhuseleko, ukukhupha, iintlobo zeeseli, i-squamous, i-cuboidal, i-columnar, i-stratified, ilula, i-pseudostratified, umhlaza, i-adenocarcinoma, i-pap smear