Ingaba uneeplatelets ezininzi egazini lakho? Masithethe nge-Essential Thrombocythemia!

Ngaba wakha wajonga ingxelo yegazi waza waphawula ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphezulu kakhulu? Okanye ngaba ukhe wahlangabezana nezinto ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi okwenziwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukopha nje? Usenokuba awuzange unikele ngqalelo ingako kwezi zinto. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela imeko engaqhelekanga enokuba ngasemva kwezi zinto, esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Essential Thrombocythemia.

Yintoni i-Essential Thrombocythemia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-essential thrombocythemia yimeko apho umongo wethu wethambo, imboni ephambili eyenza igazi, ivelisa uhlobo lweseli yegazi ebizwa ngokuba zii-platelets ezingaphezulu koko kufunekayo. Ngoku usenokuba ubuza, "Zithini ezi platelets ?" Ii-platelets zezona ntlobo zincinci zeeseli egazini lethu. Zifana namajoni amancinci. Xa kukho inxeba kwindawo ethile kwaye ukopha kuqala, ezi platelets zezona ziqalayo ukukhawuleza apho, zihlangane, kwaye zenze i-blood clot ukuze kumiswe ukopha. Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngomongo wethambo, umzi-mveliso owenza ii-platelets, kwaye ezi platelets ziveliswa ngaphezulu? Kulapho ingxaki iqala khona. Le meko yenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwezinye zezakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi, utshintsho . Le asiyonto izalwa nayo, kodwa yinto ekhula ngexesha lobomi. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"acquired genetic condition." Uninzi lwexesha, le meko ifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazimpawu kwaphela. Kwakhona, ayinguye wonke umntu oya kufuna unyango ngoko nangoko. Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu.

Oku kuyichaphazela njani umzimba wam?

Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa umongo wethambo wenza iiplatelets ezininzi kakhulu. Ezi platelets ezongezelelweyo azifani neeplatelets eziqhelekileyo, ezinye zinkulu kuneziqhelekileyo kwaye zinemilo eyahlukileyo kancinci. Zifana nomzi-mveliso ovelisa iqela lezinto ezingaphantsi. Ezi platelets ezingaqhelekanga, ezongezelelweyo zibangela ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi kwimithambo yegazi. Ezi platelets zegazi zithintela ukuhamba kwegazi, njengokuxinana kwezithuthi endleleni. Ezi platelets zegazi zinokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni. Kodwa zihlala zibonakala engqondweni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.

Le meko, ingakumbi koomama abakhulelweyo , inyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi .

Enye into emangalisayo kukuba le meko ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukopha kakhulu.Usenokuba ucinga, "Amahlwili egazi yinto eyenzekayo, ngoko ke igazi lihamba njani?" Isizathu kukuba xa kukho amahlwili egazi amaninzi, zonke iiplatelets emzimbeni ziphelile. Emva koko, akukho mahlwili aneleyo okuthintela ukopha xa kukho ukwenzakala. Uyabona? Ngenxa yoku, abantu abane-essential thrombocythemia basengozini enkulu yeemeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke.

Ingaba lo mhlaza? Ngaba unxulumene ne-leukemia?

Ewe, i-essential thrombocythemia luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi. Oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-myeloproliferative neoplasm. Ngamafutshane, yimeko apho uhlobo lweseli yegazi (kule meko, iiplatelets) luveliswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ayilohlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-leukemia. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, le meko inokuba yi-leukemia kwabanye abantu. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha besoloko beyikhangela.

Ngaba i-essential thrombocythemia kunye ne-thrombocytosis ziyafana?

La magama mabini afana kancinci, ngoko ke anokudideka. Kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwawo omabini.

• I-Essential Thrombocythemia: Apha, inani leeplatelet liyanda ngenxa yengxaki kumongo ngokwawo, kungekhona ngenxa yesinye isifo.
• I-Reactive Thrombocytosis: Apha, inani leeplatelet liyanda njengempendulo kwenye imeko yezonyango (umz., usulelo, ukungabikho kwesinyithi , emva kotyando).

Kwezi zimbini, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytosis ixhaphake kakhulu kune-essential thrombocythemia.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana le meko?

I-Essential thrombocythemia yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo eMelika, ichaphazela abantu ababini kwi-100,000 nganye. Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba nayo kunamadoda. Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 nama-80. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nama-20% abo bayinayo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abantwana bayifumane. Ukuba bayayifumana, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ifunyenwe njengelifa kubazali babo.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Uzibona njani?

Asingomntu wonke oneempawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu banokuphila iminyaka emininzi bengenazo iimpawu. Iimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela xa inani leeplatelet lisanda kancinci kancinci. Iimpawu eziphambili zezo zibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi. Ezi zinokuvela kwiindawo ezifana nengqondo, iingalo, kunye nemilenze. Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi ziquka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo .
• Isiyezi .
• Ukuva ukutshisa okanye ukurhawuzelela ezintendeni nasezinyaweni zeenyawo.
• Izandla neenyawo ezibuthathaka okanye ezibomvu .
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuthetha .
• Iintloko ezibuhlungu .
• Ukuxhuzula .
• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki esifubeni, ezingalweni, emqolo, entanyeni, emhlathini, okanye esiswini.
• Isicaphucaphu .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Iintlungu zesifuba .
• Ubuthathaka .
• I-spleen ekhulisiweyo - ilungu elikwicala eliphezulu lasekhohlo lesisu.
• Ukopha empumlweni (epistaxis).
• Iintsini eziphuma igazi.
• Igazi elikwisitulo.
• Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria).
• Ukugruzuka lula.
• Abafazi bachitha ixesha elininzi besexesheni .

Oku kuyichaphazela njani imeko yokukhulelwa?

Kusoloko kukho umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke emzimbeni womfazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi kumama okhulelweyo one-essential thrombocythemia. Kwakhona, ezinye iindlela zonyango zale meko azifanelekanga kubafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abo baceba ukukhulelwa. Ke ngoko, ukuba unengxaki yale meko, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ucinge ngokuba nomntwana.

Ungalibali, le meko ingakhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Ukuba unale meko, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye i-stroke.

Kutheni le meko isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kubangelwa lutshintsho (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo). Ezi azizozakhi zofuzo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, kodwa zizakhi zofuzo ezitshintsha ngexesha lobomi. Ngokukodwa, utshintsho kwiizakhi zofuzo ezintathu ezichaphazela iiseli ze-stem kwi-bone mongo wethu ezenza iiseli zegazi zezona zibangela. Ezi zakhi zofuzo zezi:

• I-gene (JAK2): Le gene ibhala iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-``(JAK2)``. Le protein inceda ukulawula ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi.
• (CALR) gene: Le gene ibhala iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-"calreticulin". Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba oku kudlala indima ekulawuleni ukukhula kweeseli, ukwahlukana kwazo, kunye nokufa kwazo.
• (MPL) Ijini: Le jini ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-"oncogene", ijini enxulunyaniswa nokubangela umhlaza.

Xa ezi gene zitshintsha, inkqubo yokwenza iiplatelets kwi-bone mongo ayilawuleki kwaye ikhawuleza kakhulu. Kufana nokubethwa yi-accelerator! Kulapho umzimba uvelisa iiplatelets ezingaphezulu kunokuba unako ukuzithwala.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unale meko, baya kuqala bakuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni . Baza kukubuza nangeempawu zakho nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neengxaki ezifanayo na. Emva koko, banokwenza uvavanyo oluthile, olufana nolu:

• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga amanqanaba azo zonke iintlobo zeeseli egazini lakho, ingakumbi inani leeplatelets.
• Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi nokujonga iiplatelets phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba ziqhelekile okanye aziqhelekanga ngokwemilo nobukhulu bazo. Iiplatelets ezingaqhelekanga zinokuba nkulu kwaye zibe neemilo ezahlukeneyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-bone marrow: Ngamanye amaxesha isampuli encinci ye-bone marrow ingathathwa ukuze ivavanywe (i-Bone Marrow Aspiration okanye i-Bone Marrow Biopsy). Oku kunokunceda ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo imeko ye-bone marrow.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho utshintsho kwiimfuza esithethe ngazo, ezifana ne (JAK2), (CALR), kunye ne (MPL).

Iziphumo zezi mvavanyo ziya kunceda ugqirha wakho ahlole umngcipheko wakho aze enze isicwangciso sonyango. Ngokubanzi, izinto ezinokubangela le meko ziquka:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala.
• Ukuba ngumfazi.
• Ukuba bendikhe ndanamahlwili egazi ngaphambili.
• Ukubakho kotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla emzimbeni.

Ngaba wonke umntu uyayidinga imithi yoku? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Oku akufani kuye wonke umntu. Kwabanye abantu, ukuba abanazo iimpawu, oogqirha banokucebisa icebo elibizwa ngokuba "kukulinda ngononophelo." Oku kuthetha ukujonga iimpawu kunye neempawu eziza kuvela. Abantu abaneempawu okanye abasengozini enkulu yokuba namahlwili egazi baya kufuna unyango. Unyango lujolise kakhulu ekuthinteleni amahlwili egazi kunye/okanye ekunciphiseni amanqanaba eeplatelet. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza asetyenziselwa oku:

• I-Aspirin: Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha balumkile malunga nokunika i-aspirin abantu abaneeplatelet ezininzi kakhulu, njengoko inokunyusa ukopha kubantu abane-acquired Von Willebrand syndrome.
• I-Hydroxyurea: Eli liyeza le-chemotherapy. Linciphisa amanqanaba eeplatelet. Linokunikwa kunye ne-aspirin kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• I-Anagrelide: Njenge-hydroxyurea, oku kunceda ekunciphiseni amanqanaba eeplatelet kunye nomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.
• I-Interferon alfa:Olu lunyango lwe-immunotherapy. Luthintela iiplatelet ezingaqhelekanga ukuba zingahlukani kwaye zikhule.
• I-Busulfan: Eli liyeza lokulwa nomhlaza. Linikwa abantu abangasabeliyo kwi-hydroxyurea okanye abangakwaziyo ukulisebenzisa.
• I-Ruxolitinib: Eli yeza lisetyenziselwa abantu abangakhange baphendule kwamanye amayeza kwaye abaneempawu ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa, ukuziva behluthi nangona betyile kancinci, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba amanqanaba eeplatelet zakho anyuka kakhulu ngequbuliso, kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiplateletpheresis . Kule nto, igazi lakho liqhagamshelwe kumatshini okhethekileyo, osusa ezinye zeeplatelet ezigqithisileyo.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku ukuba kungenzeki?

Enyanisweni, hayi. Oku kubangelwa lutshintsho kwiijini, kwaye akukho nto sinokuyenza ukuthintela olo tshintsho ukuba lwenzeke. Abaphandi abakafumani isizathu sokuba ezi jini zitshintshe.

Ingaba kunokwenzeka na ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo xa unesi sifo? Ingakanani iminyaka omele uyiphile?

Ngokuqinisekileyo unako! Nokuba uneempawu, oogqirha banokukunyanga ukuthintela iingxaki ezinzima ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo. Xa kufikwa kulindelo lobomi, kuthiwa abantu abanale meko banokuba nexesha elifutshane lokuphila kunabo bangenalo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyahluka kumntu nomntu. Izinto ezininzi, njengemeko yakho kunye nemikhwa yakho yempilo, ziyayichaphazela le nto. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana ulwazi ngale nto kukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? (Ukuzinyamekela)

Abantu abane-essential thrombocythemia basengozini enkulu yokuba negazi eliqhekekileyo kunye/okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga. Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa le ngozi:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu yokuba namahlwili egazi. Ukuba utshaya, funa uncedo lokuyeka.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Abantu abatyebe kakhulu basengozini enkulu yokuba namahlwili egazi. Funa ingcebiso kwingcali yesondlo kwaye usebenzise indlela yokutya enempilo.
• Yenza umthambo rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Lawula ezinye izifo ezandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi: Ukuba uneemeko ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle.
• Lumka ngempilo yakho iyonke: Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokubakho ngaphandle kweempawu, ngoko buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uziqwalasele.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? Ndifanele ndiye nini kwigumbi longxamiseko?

Ukuba unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kuhlolwa rhoqo. Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ajonge imeko yakho, ajonge amanqanaba eeplatelet zakho, aze enze naluphi na utshintsho olufunekayo kunyango. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, oko kuthetha ukubaUkuba ufumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-911 ngoko nangoko uze uye esibhedlele. Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana (i-angina).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuziva unesicaphucaphu okanye unesisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (i-palpitations).
• Ukuziva ungonwabanga okanye ngathi kukho into embi eza kwenzeka.
• Ukubila.
• Ukudinwa (vertigo), ukubona okufipheleyo, okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo.

Abafazi banokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokungalali.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Intlungu emqolo, emagxeni, entanyeni, ezingalweni, okanye esiswini.
• Ukuhlanza.

Iimpawu zestroke zingabandakanya:

• Ukungaziva ngqindilili okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba (ubuso, ingalo).
• Ubunzima bokuthetha ngequbuliso.
• Ubunzima bokubona ngequbuliso kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo.
• Isiyezi esinzima, ubunzima bokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
• Intloko ebuhlungu efika ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ngenxa yokuba i-essential thrombocythemia sisifo esingaqhelekanga, unokuba nemibuzo emininzi ngaso. Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, ungathandabuzi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni oku kwenzeke kum?
• Andinazo iimpawu okwangoku. Ziza kuvela nini iimpawu?
• Kuthetha ukuthini "ukulinda ngononophelo"?
• Undicebisa ngamayeza anjani?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndithathe amayeza ubomi bam bonke?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, mandikuxelele oku ukuze ndikuncede ukhumbule ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako.

I-Essential Thrombocythemia sisifo segazi esingaqhelekanga, esibangelwa lufuzo apho umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi ezininzi kakhulu ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye nokubetha.

Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye nenkxaso yakho, ungayilawula kakuhle le meko, unciphise iingxaki, kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, okanye ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga, funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Awuwedwa, kwaye kukho oogqirha abanokukunceda kolu hambo. I-Essential Thrombocythemia, iiPlatelet, iiClots zeGazi, uMbovu wamathambo, Izifo zeGazi, iiMpawu zoFuzo, uMhlaza